Vietnam

Vietnam
has been
a French
colony
since
1880

Japan has taken Korea,
Manchuria, Nanking and
Peking in China.
Then Japan invaded
further south. Then… the
attack on Pearl Harbor
brought America into war
with Japan

Pham Van Dong
Viet Minh Leaders

The Vietminh gave the Japanese
invaders much trouble, and as an
underground nuisance.
The Japanese
invaded Indo-China

Ho Chi Minh
A Study
.World War II Japan occupies Vietnam; the French have left.
Guerilla tactics were used by the Viet Minh against the Japanese.
The United States provided the Viet Minh with supplies.
Japanese occupation ends March 9,1945
Democratic Republic of Vietnam declared in Hanoi September 2, 1945.
Japan had placed Boa Dai as Emperor of Vietnam; a post he retained until 1955.
The Viet Minh revolted against Bao Dai, who surrendered.
French colonial rule is reestablished; the Viet Minh now work for their independence, led by
Ho Chi Minh and Vo Giap.

After the defeat of the
Japanese in WW II
The French return to
“THEIR”
colony…………………
…………………………
…………………………
……………..Vietnam

With the Vietminh victory over the
French in 1954 at
_____________________ , the French
withdrew.

Dien Bien Phu
Geneva Accords-1954
I. 17th parallel divides North from South
II. French granted the right to return
III. 1956 election promise to decide the
future of North and South
Implications
I. Russia and China are supporting the North.
II. The Vietminh are in revolution mode.
III. Ho Chi Minh’s dream of an independent.
Vietnam has been ruined by the Accords.
IV. The USA fears the Domino Theory of expanding
communist control.
Both Ho Chi Minh and the French signed the accords.
But the US and South Vietnam did NOT sign.
But they did agree to abide by the accords.

Buddhists 70%
Catholics 20%17th Parallel
Hanoi
Saigon
Laos
Cambodia
Thailand

Time Magazine
Cover:
“Ho Chi Minh
is a
dedicated
communist,
a
matchless
interplay
of
ruthlessness
and
guile.”
November 22, 1954

Basic facts about Ho Chi Minh:
He is not a puppet of the Russian or Chinese communists.
He is a Communist.
His Viet Minh fought against the Japanese invaders in WW II.
His Viet Minh military arm, led by Vo Giap fought for freedom
from the French, winning the decisive Battle of Dien Bien Phu.
The Geneva Accords of 1954 separated North from South at
the 17th parallel with the promise of an election in 1956.
Ho Chi Minh supplied the Viet Cong with supplies and sent
them by way of the Ho Chi Minh Trail into South Vietnam.
The US sent advisors to assist the South Vietnamese army
and Ng Dinh Diem in their efforts to eradicate the communist
insurgents.

North Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh’s leadership
He ordered sweeping land reforms
Thousands of people classified as
landowners and wealthy farmers are
imprisoned, tortured, or executed.
In a mass exodus, many Vietnamese
families fled and headed to South
Vietnam.

17th Parallel
Hanoi
Saigon
Laos
Thailand
The month after the
Geneva accords
850,000 people
leave North Vietnam
and head south.
Those leaving the
north feared
Communism and,
as Catholics,
feared anti-
Catholic
discrimination.
Cambodia

Anti-communist
refugees board
a French ship to
escape from
North Vietnam.
The numbers of
those evacuating
the north were
over one
million.

The Domino Theory
The spread of communism was a real threat.
Last example was the Korean War.
The Pentagon Papers warned of "a dangerous period of
Vietnamese expansionism….Laos and Cambodia would
have been easy pickings for such a Vietnam….Thailand,
Malaya, Singapore, and even Indonesia, could have been
next."

The US did not approve
of the scheduled
election.
They believed the
communists would rig
the election.
Democracy would be
impossible..
In October 1955, Diem
announced a victory after a
plebiscite gaining 98%
favorable, deposed Bảo
Đại , (French approved
leader) and established the
first Republic of Vietnam
(RVN)-South Vietnam.

Diem is intent on eliminating
communists from the south.

John F Kennedy elected
President of United States
US advisors in South Vietnam increased

Ng Dinh Diem began his campaign to repress those who fought for or
sympathized with the Viet Minh.
Ho Chi Minh supported ex-Viet Minh forces in the south fighting guerilla
warfare against the Diem administration.
The Guerilla Warfare
of
Ho Chi Minh
against the
Diem government

Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh have driven
out the Japanese, and the French.
Now as the Viet Cong, they will do
everything they can to take over the south
and spread communism throughout
Vietnam.
The Ho Chi Minh Trail was built to place
supplies and weapons into the south.
Villages in the south are being terrorized
by the Viet Cong.

The trail is in Laos and
Cambodia upon which
the Viet Cong transport
military supplies into
South Vietnam to be
used by the insurgents
to create violence and
chaos.

The South Vietnam Army proceeds with coup attempt on Diem
Nov, 1960-
The coup failed
The National Liberation Front and the Viet Cong were formed, aiming to
crush Diem’s regime.
A “VC” (Viet Cong) attack in 1961 resulted in 4000 South Vietnam
officials being killed.
The planning group of the
VC coup against Diem.

Here’s the situation
South Vietnam is currently free and democratic under President Diem.
Viet Cong insurgents are a trouble in the Northern Highlands
of South Vietnam.
Diem’s strict enforcement of the laws is causing a protest by the
Saigon Buddhist monks.
The communist North are infiltrating the South. Their attacks on the
villages are being difficult to contain.
The brutality of the VC upon the village leaders is finding the ears of the
South Vietnamese and the Americans.

United States Military
Assistance Command
MACV
By Dec 1962,
11,000 MACV
soldiers are in
Vietnam.

The VC had been attacking small
villages regularly, murdering the
village leaders, using extreme
brutality. The hamlets protected the
villages, but moving the people from
their homes was not popular and the
plan had to be ended.
Hill Forts

1962
What should we do?
Do we have a value
system?
Do we have
principles?
From the American side:
How do we apply an
American value system
and American
principles to the
situation in Vietnam?
Don’t answer yet
Don’t answer yet
Don’t answer yet
Think and answer
now!
President Kennedy with
Secretary of State McNamara-1962

President Kennedy’s plan for Vietnam
versus
History
versus
Conspiracies
versus
Ng Dinh Diem
versus
Communism

Ng Dinh Diem
versus
Buddhists Monks
versus
US Government
versus
President Kennedy
versus
US Media

Ng Dinh Diem
Vietnam CatholicsVietnam Buddhists
US
Media
Vietnam
Media

Buddhist Monks Protest against the rule of Ng Dinh Diem
Protests

What do you know of this photo?

A controversial
interpretation
of this
shocking photo
Nguyễn Ngọc Loan
Nguyen Van
Lem
Lém led a sabotage unit along with Viet Cong tanks to attack the Armor Camp in Go Vap. After
communist troops took control of the base, Lém arrested Lieutenant Colonel Tuan with his family
and forced him to show them how to drive tanks. When Lieutenant Colonel Tuan refused to
cooperate, Lém killed him and all members of his family including his 80-year-old mother. There
was only one survivor, a seriously injured 10-year-old boy.
Lém was captured near a mass grave with 34 civilian bodies. Lém admitted that he was proud to
carry out his unit leader's order to kill these people. Having personally witnessed the murder of
one of his officers along with that man's wife and three small children in cold blood, when Lém
was captured and brought to him, General Loan summarily executed him using his sidearm in
front of AP photographer Eddie Adams and NBC News television cameraman Vo Suu. The
photograph and footage were broadcast worldwide, galvanizing the anti-war movement.
Cruelty of
Diem’s police-
chief, brutally
assassinating a
prisoner of war
in public in
downtown
Saigon.
The Truth
The media in America turned a
low-information crowd into an
anti-Vietnam war crowd.
Without presenting the truth.

Some of Diem’s generals want him dead. Why?
Kennedy and his administration want him dead. Why?
The NorthVietnamese want him dead. Why?
The Buddhists want him dead. Why?

Diem is overthrown by a military coup led by General Duong Van
Minh. He is captured and, with his brother Nhu, is assassinated.
The assassination is approved and encouraged by the Kennedy
administration.
November, 1963

Protests in America
The Period of Protests (1964):
Demonstrations:
Peace Movement
Anti-establishment hippies
Draft Card Burning (April, 1964)
1000 students in NYC
The Period of Protests (1964):
Non-Vietnam Protests
African-American civil rights, women's
liberation, and Chicano movements, and
sectors of organized labor.
On April 17, the Students for a Democratic
Society (SDS) and the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC), a civil
rights activist group, led the first of several
anti-war marches in Washington, D.C., with
about 25,000 protesters.[77]

There were two events:
August 2nd, 1964
NVA PT boats attacked the USS Maddox.
August 4th, 1964
NVA PT boats attacked the USS Maddox and
the
USS Turner Joy.

Subsequent declassified
documents of both the US
ships and Vo Giap of the
NVA state that the August 2nd
attack did happen but the
August 4th attack did not.
There are shipmates on the
Turner Joy and Maddox who
still maintain the attack of the
4th did happen.

J
The Tonkin Resolution
allowed the president
unilateral power to launch a
full scale war if the president
deemed necessary.
Only two Senators
objected. Their argument
was… "sending our
American boys into combat
in a war in which we have
no business, which is not
our war, into which we have
been misguidedly drawn,
which is steadily being
escalated…".

3500 Combat Marines land at Da Nang

Marines Land at Da Nang
After several attacks upon them, it was decided that U.S. Air Force
bases needed more protection as the South Vietnamese military
seemed incapable of providing security.

3,500 Marines of the 9th Marine
Expeditionary Brigade under Brig. Gen.
Frederick J. Karch land at Da Nang,
the first U.S. combat troops in South
Vietnam. Tanks of the 3rd Marine Tank
Battalion, including those with flame-
throwing capability
Da Nang

RecallYamamoto’s prediction of the
future of Japan in their
war with America.
What were his thoughts?
What was Ho Chi Minh andVo Giap
and PhanVan Dong
thinking about their
future conflict with
America?
What about JFK and following his
assassination, LBJ’s view
on the future of the
conflict with North
Vietnam?
General
Vo Giap
Yamamoto
Ho Chi Minh: “If they want to make war for twenty years then we shall make war
for twenty years. If they want to make peace, we shall make peace and invite them
to afternoon tea."[

Reelected President
of the United States
in a landslide
Lyndon
Baines
Johnson

LBJ’s main concerns:
The Great Society-
LBJ’s War on Poverty
The Vietnam Conflict
His Legacy

June 1964 General
Westmoreland
assigned command
of MACV forces in
Vietnam.
U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam ( MACV ). a joint-
service command of the United States Department of Defense .

.. There was scattered firing from Viet Cong soldiers hidden ashore as
the Marines landed, but no Marines were hit. The Marines were at once
assigned to protect the U.S. base at Da Nang, both from the immediate
perimeter and from the high ground along a ridge to the west.

The Chief of Staff of the United States Air
Force Curtis LeMay, however, had long
advocated saturation bombing in Vietnam
and wrote of the Communists that

Objectives of Operation Rolling thunder:
boost the sagging morale of the Saigon regime.
persuade North Vietnam to cease its support for
the communist insurgency in the south.
to destroy North Vietnam’s transportation system,
industrial base, and air defenses.
to halt the flow of men and material into South
Vietnam.

Rules of Engagement
United States air commanders possessed superior numbers of aircraft and a more
capable air force than did North Vietnamese commanders during the air war in
Southeast Asia.

Rules of Engagement
Where aircraft could fly.
Targets that are off-limits:
enemy airfields
SAM sites
Power plants
naval craft within a 30 mile
area around Hanoi
10 miles around Haiphong
Munition restrictions:
B-52s, Napalm.
No dog fights with enemy fighters
unless they fired first.
In support of the President’s civilian leadership
and their ROEs…..
The restrictive ROEs in Vietnam were put in place by President
Johnson to ensure the war did not escalate (Johnson feared
Chinese and Soviet intervention).
The President hoped to achieve results by using an "air
pressure campaign" to coerce the North Vietnamese to
discontinue supporting the Vietcong (VC).

North Vietnam SAM sites
“Surface to Air Missiles”
Don’t Touch!!!

The effects of “Rules of Engagement”
It was difficult to stop the flow of men and material into South
Vietnam.
Requirements to spare the North Vietnamese civilians limited the
use of certain types of munitions.
Proven principles of war were not followed making the attainment of
military goals near impossible.
Prosecuting the war by the orders of civilians, the present
administration, put the military leaders at odds with the US
government officials- this to the end of the war.
The president and his advisors often disregarded the advice of military
experts.
The war philosophy of the US elected officials was contrary to the
training and to the Air Force doctrine.
Despite developing an effective plan to destroy the main targets, the
flow of supplies into the south, the civilian leaders were not
convinced.

Johnson later noted:
“By keeping a lid on all the designated targets, I knew I could keep the
control of the war in my own hands.
If China reacted to our slow escalation by threatening to retaliate, we’d
have plenty of time to ease off the bombing.
But this control—so essential for preventing World War III—would be
lost the moment we unleashed a total assault on the North.
For that would be rape rather than seductionThe Chinese reaction would
be instant and total.”

The Viet Cong are continually
supplying the outposts in South
Vietnam with guns, ammunition,
and all supplies needed to keep
the insurgency going forward.
Flag
of
Viet Cong

Saigon
DMZ
17th par.
Ia Drang
Valley
C

The first deployment of US Air
Cavalry forces in a real fight to the
finish against the North
Vietnamese forces (NVA).
Battle of the Ia Drang Valley
November 14-18, 1965

The Battle of Ia Drang Valley
was the beginning of
“The Helicopter War”

Bruce P. Crandall's UH-1 Huey
helicopter under fire at LZ X-Ray
Battle of the Ia Drang Valley
The initial North Vietnamese assault against the landing 1st Battalion,
7th Cavalry at LZ X-Ray was repulsed after two days and nights of
heavy fighting on November 14–16, with the Americans inflicting heavy
losses on North Vietnamese regulars and Viet Cong guerrillas. Both
sides suffered heavy casualties; the U.S. had nearly 250 soldiers killed
but claimed to have counted about 1,000 North Vietnamese bodies on
the battlefield and estimated that more were killed by air strikes and
artillery.

Search and Destroy
Missions
Search and Destroy Missions entailed sending out platoons or
companies of US troops from a fortified position or Home Base to
locate and destroy VC or NVA units in the countryside.
These missions involved hiking out into the “boonies” and setting an
ambush in the brush, near a suspected VC trail.

Binh Dinh province
Operation
Masher/White Wing
Search and Destroy Missions
The three largest missions of about 25:
Masher/White Wing; Attleboro,
Cedar Falls, and Junction City
Operation Cedar Falls involved 30,000
US and South Vietnamese troops.
The Vietcong, however, chose to
evade this massive military force by
either fleeing across the border to
Cambodia or hiding in a complex
system of underground tunnels.
Nevertheless, the Allied forces
uncovered and destroyed some of the
tunnel complexes as well as large
stockpiles of Vietcong supplies.
Tay Ninh
Province

In the course of the operation, so-called tunnel rats
were introduced to infiltrate Viet Cong tunnel
systems.

Search and Destroy
Mission sites 1966-67
Summary of Search and Destroy:
In each battle the VC/NVA
casualties to US/ARVN casualties
was consistently 10 to 1!
US pressure caused the VC/NVA
to fight and then run to the hills
or to Cambodia.

Body Count Strategy-
Attrition
Question: A typical Search
and Destroy Mission would
result in 200 US casualties
and the VC/NVA would
suffer 2000 casualties.
But how long would the
American people accept
200 casualties regardless
of continual victories?
The VC/NVA would put
forth as many “bodies” as
is needed before the US
would quit.

The
Credibility
Gap
The Johnson administration employed
a "policy of minimum candor" in its
dealings with the media.
Military information officers sought to
manage media coverage by
emphasizing stories that portrayed
progress in the war.
Over time, this policy damaged the
public trust in official pronouncements.
As the media's coverage of the war
and that of the Pentagon diverged, a
so-called credibility gap developed.

Tet OffensiveJanuary, 1968
On 31 January 1968, the NVA and the Viet
Cong broke the truce that traditionally
accompanied the Tet (Lunar New Year)
holiday by launching the largest battle of the
war, the Tet Offensive, in the hope of
sparking a national uprising.
Over 100 cities were attacked by over 85,000
enemy troops including assaults on General
Westmoreland's headquarters and the US
Embassy in Saigon.

The initial attacks stunned the US and
South Vietnamese armies and caused
them to temporarily lose control of several
cities, but they quickly regrouped to beat
back the attacks, inflicting heavy casualties
on communist forces.
Although the U.S. and South
Vietnamese forces were
initially shocked by the scale
of the urban offensive, they
responded quickly and
effectively, decimating the
ranks of the Viet Cong.
TET Offensive

Occupation of the US Embassy in Saigon

The
Influence
of
Walter
Cronkite

The American Media
Evaluated the results of the
Tet Offensive
A large section of the US
populace believed him.
It became a huge
strategic defeat for the
LBJ.
LBJ, "If I've lost
Cronkite, I've lost
middle America."
Walter Cronkite, on CBS News, decided it
was a US defeat and pronounced the war
unwinnable.

The Tet offensive was a
tactical disaster for the communists.
The Viet Cong were totally destroyed as a fighting force and
never again strong enough to mount an offensive
anywhere.
The NVA was beaten so soundly that Giap later confessed they were
almost to the point of giving up.
The Facts
Allies VC/NVA
Dead: 4,200 45,270
Missing 1,530 5,070

17th Para
DMZ
Khe Sanh
A major component
of the
Tet Offensive
was the attack
on the
US base at
Khe Sanh.
3rd Marine Division
1st Brigade,
5th Infantry Division

The defense of Khe Sanh commanded
international attention and was considered
the climactic phase of the Tet Offensive.

LBJ refuses to run for
reelection March 31, 1968

The Media
The people of America
The troops in Vietnam
Future draftees

Nixon elected Nov 6, 1968
Nixon’s
strategy

A policy of the Richard Nixon administration to end U.S. involvement
in the Vietnam War through a program to "expand, equip, and train
South Vietnam's forces and assign to them an ever-increasing
combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S.
combat troops."[

Two months after Nixon assumed the presidency, American combat deaths exceeded
thirty-six thousand, and there seemed no end in sight.
Nixon was in a dilemma, for during the campaign he had said that he had a "secret
plan" to end the war but could not divulge it because it might upset the Paris
peace negotiations.
If his plan involved escalation, Democrats could charge that he was abandoning
attempts to reach a peaceful solution and could point to mounting American
casualties and prisoners of war.
If he negotiated a solution that led to the fall of the government in Saigon, Democrats
could charge that he had abandoned an ally.
Nixon had to find a way to cut American commitments while preserving the non-
Communist government in South Vietnam—at least for a "decent interval" so
that the overthrow of the regime could not be blamed on the United States.

Peace Talks begin in Paris
, Jan 25, 1969
NO PROGRESS…..
at least they are

Charlie Company was to enter the village
of Son My spearheaded by its 1st Platoon,
engage the enemy, and flush it out
After clearing out many villages of Viet
Cong, the village of My Lai was wiped
out, 350 men, women, and children
killed.
A trial ensued with the commander,
Lt. William Calley being given a life
sentence.

Nixon promises withdrawals,
Nov 1969-25,000 withdrawn.
Nixon said in 1970 in an announcement, "I am tonight announcing plans for the
withdrawal of an additional 150,000 American troops to be completed during the
spring of next year. This will bring a total reduction of 265,500 men in our armed
forces in Vietnam below the level that existed when we took office 15 months ago."
On 10 October 1969, Nixon ordered a squadron of 18 B-52s loaded with nuclear
weapons to race to the border of Soviet airspace to convince the Soviet Union,
in accord with the madman theory, that he was capable of anything to end the
Vietnam War.
Ground force combat was lessened but no air actions.

Prince Norodom Sihanouk
Cambodia
The Prince had proclaimed Cambodia neutral
since 1955.
He tolerated the communists using the Ho Chi
Minh Trail.
Fear of a widening conflict and under pressure
from the US Government,
Sihanouk changed his policy: the communists
are no longer welcome in Cambodia.

Battle of Hill 881
The Washington Post
Nixon sent a division of troops into Cambodia to
destroy their bases and destroy their
supplies.
It was successful.
But………the anti-war movement now had more fodder.
Troops were being withdrawn but Nixon was still fighting.

U.S. and ARVN forces launched an incursion into Cambodia to attack VPA/NLF
bases to end the communist encirclement of Phnom Penh.
This incursion sparked nationwide U.S. protests.
Four students were killed by
National Guardsmen at Kent State University during a protest in Ohio.
67 bullets in 13 seconds
killed 4 students and
wounded 9 others.
It was May 4, 1970.
The Kent State shootings resulted
in a revolt that saw an excess
of 4 million students shut down
more than 450 colleges, universities and high schools across the nation.
This provoked public outrage in the United States.
The reaction to the incident by the Nixon administration was seen as callous
and indifference, providing additional impetus for the anti-war movement.

a massive bombing campaign against
communist sanctuaries along their border
Nixon, with Sihanouk’s approval launched .
Nixon kept the bombing
campaign……..
SECRET

Nixon visits China
Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai
Nixon visits Russia
Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev

By 1970 North
Vietnam had
increased their
air defenses
ten fold and
were
effectively
downing US
bombers.

In 1971, excerpts from the "Pentagon Papers", which had been leaked by Daniel
Ellsberg, were published by The New York Times and The Washington Post. When
news of the leak first appeared, Nixon was inclined to do nothing; the Papers, a
history of United States' involvement in Vietnam, mostly concerned the lies of prior
administrations and contained few real revelations. He was persuaded by Kissinger
that the papers were more harmful than they appeared, and the President tried to
prevent publication. The Supreme Court eventually ruled for the newspapers.[145]
PENTAGON PAPERS
Daniel Ellsberg leaked classified documents to the New York Times and the
Washington Post.
The documents revealed a history of the US involvement in Vietnam, especially
lies of the LBJ and JFK administrations.
The Anti-War faction had a heyday with the information.
Results:
The Pentagon Papers did little damage to anyone.
Because Nixon and Kissinger took it to the Supreme Court …….
damage was done to Nixon’s Vietnam
Strategy.

The
Credibility
Gap
Nixon’s “secret bombing” of Cambodia.
The Pentagon Papers
Why is Nixon visiting China and
Russia?
The My Lai Massacre is uncovered.
Continued protesting whether based on
myths, or lies, or “I-wanna-protest”
groups---

Jane Fonda said the US
POWs were being treated
“humanely and with
leniency.”
Fonda did enough bad things to assure her a correct place
in the garbage dumps of history.
A Lie!Jane Fonda visited Hanoi, 1972, as part of an anti-war
move, sitting on an NVA anti-aircraft battery used to
shoot down US planes and pilots.

NAPALM-
Agent
Orange
Was its use
moral?
Was its use
needed?

Used to destroy foliage-led to birth defects.
Was it the moral thing to use? Was it needed to find the VC?

Easter Offensive
between March 30 and October 22, 1972
The offensive was not designed to win the war outright but to gain as much
territory and destroy as many units of the ARVN as possible, to improve the North's
negotiating position as the Paris Peace Accords drew towards a conclusion.
This first attempt by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to
invade the south since the Tet Offensive of 1968, became characterized by
conventional infantry–armor assaults backed by heavy artillery, with both sides
fielding the latest in technological advances in weapons systems.
In the I Corps Tactical Zone, North Vietnamese forces overran South Vietnamese
defensive positions in a month-long battle and captured Quảng Trị city, before
moving south in an attempt to seize Huế.

The NVA used
conventional military
war strategy
(not guerilla style)
attacking across the
DMZ and taking
Quang Tri City, Dong Ha,
and reaching Hue.

Easter
Offensive
Easter
Offensive

Operation Linebacker
After one month the ARVN army on the
ground stopped the NVA invasion.
Operation Linebacker by the US Air
force destroyed the supply lines to the
NVA force from Hanoi to Hue.

SIGN
Giap does not have the Viet Cong anymore.
Giap does not have the supplies and troops in Cambodia.
Giap has lost the effectiveness of the insurgency in southern parts of
South Vietnam, including Saigon.
Congress is pressuring Nixon to sign an armistice.
Nixon has discarded the Rules of Engagement for the
bombing of North Vietnam.
The American anti-war people now have control of government opinion..
Giap sees the opportunity to end the war as the VICTOR.

Ford’s Presidency
Nixon’s promise to South Vietnam:
“If the North invades we will send all the air power you need to
destroy them.”
Ford’s promise to South Vietnam:
“I will honor Nixon’s promise to South Vietnam”

?
When Ford asked Congress for the funds
to send our air force to support South
Vietnam against the invasion of the
North…
Congress said……..NO!

Invasion of South Vietnam
Giap sends four divisions across the 17th parallel.
Against quickly retreating ARVN forces the NVA take town after town.
Soon they are on the outskirts of Tan Sonh Nhut Airbase.

3
0
3000 American troops
still are in Saigon.
Over 5000 South
Vietnam citizens, loyal
to the US are danger of
execution by the
invading NVA.

NVA Tanks enter American Embassy

The
End
The following slides are images of note.

Some Iconic Images of the Vietnam War

Ho Chi Minh trail
Ho Chi Minh Trail
Neutrality of Laos and Cambodia
Military strategy versus US Government
Morality of bombing a Neutral country

6000 Advisors
Year American SVN Aust. Korea New Zeal Philip Thai
1959 760 243000 -- -- -- -- --
1960 900 243000 -- -- -- -- --
1961 3205 243000 -- -- -- -- --
1962 11300 243000 -- -- -- -- --
1963 16300 243000 -- -- -- -- --
1964 23300 514000 198 200 30 20 --
1965 184300 642500 1560 20620 120 70 20
1966 385300 735900 4530 25570 160 2060 240
1967 485600 798700 6820 47830 530 2020 2200
1968 536100 820000 7660 50000 520 1580 6000
1969 475200 897000 7670 48870 550 190 11570
1970 334600 968000 6800 48450 440 70 11570
1971 156800 1046250 2000 45700 100 50 6000
1972 24200 1048000 130 36790 50 50 40
1973 50 1110000 -- -- -- -- --

Vietnam

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Vietnam

Similar to Vietnam (20)

More from 11hoosier11

More from 11hoosier11 (9)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Vietnam