Large PowerPoint presentation of the causes of the Civil War and a brief summary of the war itself. No audio as you are the narrator. Part 1 of 2.

1. pfulton@centraliachristianschool.orgpfulton@centraliachristianschool.org

2. CAUSES
of The
Civil War

4. 1861-1865

6. The Act was one of the most controversial elements of the 1850 compromise and
heightened Northern fears of a "slave power conspiracy". It required that all escaped
slaves, upon capture, be returned to their masters and that officials and citizens of free
states had to cooperate. Abolitionists nicknamed it the "Bloodhound Bill," for the dogs
that were used to track down runaway slaves.
The Act contributed to the growing polarization of the country over the issue of slavery
and is considered one of the causes of the Civil War.
Fugitive Slave Act 1850

8. Slavery and the Cotton Gin
The Constitution and Slavery
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Fugitive Slave Clause
Sectionalism
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Wilmot Proviso
One Crop Economy
Tariffs
States' rights
Nullification and Force
Territorial Crisis
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular Sovereignty
John Brown
Dred Scott Case
Honor
Election of 1860
Republican Party

9. Cause #1

11. Slavers were often transported
considerable distances down river (in
this case the Congo) to be sold to
Europeans.
Fresh Captives Being Sent Into Bondage – Witnessed by Stanley
Indigenous African slavers from coastal regions would
travel far into the interior to obtain slaves. They were
generally better armed, having obtained guns from
European merchants in trade for slaves.
An African man being inspected for sale into slavery while a
white man talks with African slave traders
The picture shows a
separation of sexes:
African men crowded
onto a lower deck, African
women on an upper deck
at the back.

12. This detailed drawing of the interior of a slave ship shows how the
"cargo" was arranged to maximize capacity.
When slave ships reached the Americas, the slaves were off-loaded and sold in slave
markets, like the one pictured here in Atlanta (1860s).This illustration
shows a slave
auction taking place
in Virginia, 1861.
An advertisement calling to
attention a new shipment of
slaves coming in from
North Carolina.
Atlanta, Georgia

13. 1712 South Carolina Statute
“All negroes, mulattoes, mustizoes,
Indians which at anytime have been sold,
and their children, are hereby made and
declared slaves.”

14. The invention of the cotton gin in the 1790s
The invention has thus been identified as an inadvertent
contributing factor to the outbreak of the American Civil War.
Thanks to the cotton gin, the amount of raw cotton yielded
doubled each decade after 1800.
Its inadvertent effect on American
slavery was that it ensured that
the South's economy developed in
the direction of plantation-based
agriculture (while encouraging the
growth of the textile industry
elsewhere, such as in the North).

15. While it took a single slave about ten hours to
separate a single pound of fiber from the seeds, a
team of two or three slaves using a cotton gin could
produce around fifty pounds of cotton in just one
day.
The number of slaves rose in concert with the increase in
cotton production, increasing from around 700,000 in
1790 to around 3.2 million in 1850. By 1860, black slave
labor from the American South was providing two-thirds
of the world’s supply of cotton, and up to 80% of the
crucial British market.

17. Article I, Section. 2 [Slaves count as 3/5 persons]
Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within
this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of
free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of
all other Persons [i.e., slaves].
Article I, Section. 9, clause 1. [No power to ban slavery until 1808]
The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall
not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may
be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
Article IV, Section. 2. [Free states cannot protect slaves]
No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in
Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered
up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.
Article V [No Constitutional Amendment to Ban Slavery Until 1808]
...No Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any
Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article.
The Constitution and Slavery:
The Fugitive Slave Clause

18. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
would forbid slavery above the Ohio
River, and the Constitution would allow
abolition of the slave trade by 1807.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787

19. Article IV, Section 2, Paragraph 3
Fugitive Slave laws
The Fugitive Slave Clause of the US Constitution
It was thought that forcing states to deliver escaped slaves to slave owners violated
states' rights due to state sovereignty and was believed that seizing state property
should not be left up to the states.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 On the previous slide
The south was troubled by runaway slaves.
Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
Giving aid to a runaway slave is now a crime.
1850 Fugitive Slave Act
Part of the Fugitive Slave Act 1850
Heavy sentences for those helping runaway slaves.
Heavy sentences for authorities who did not enforce
the law.

20. The world’s first
abolitionist group, the
Quaker Anti-Slavery
Society
Quakers were among the first whites to denounce slavery in the American
colonies and Europe, and the Society of Friends became the first organization to
take a collective stand against both slavery and the slave trade, later
spearheading the international and ecumenical campaigns against slavery.

21. Cause #2

23. Southern
Slave-Holding States
1. Virginia
2. North Carolina
3. South Carolina
4. Georgia
5. Alabama
6. Mississippi
7. Louisiana
8. Tennessee
9. Kentucky
10. Maryland
11. Delaware
Northern
Free-States
1. New Hampshire
2. Vermont
3. New York
4. Massachusetts
5. Rhode Island
6. Connecticut
7. Indiana
8. New Jersey
9. Ohio
10. Illinois
11. Pennsylvania
11 11
The Current Balance of Power
Slave versus Free

24. The only way to pass
the Missouri
Compromise of 1820
was to get the
support of the
Southern states.
The deal?
Maine admitted as a free state………
Missouri admitted as a slave state.
Missouri Compromise- 1820
Slavery was prohibited north of the 36°30′ parallel, excluding
Missouri.

29. Under
the
law
• Compromise of 1820, which
admitted Maine to the Union as a
free state at the same time that
Missouri was admitted as a slave
state.
• The Compromise also banned slavery
in the Louisiana Purchase territory
north and west of the state of
Missouri along the line of 36–30.
• The Missouri Compromise quieted
the issue for a while.
Keep slavery legal in the south
What was the balance of power between the slave states and the
free states with the addition of Maine and Missouri?
12 12

30. David Wilmot
Congressman from
Pennsylvania
A proposal to ban slavery in territories
acquired from Mexico.
Background:
1836 Texas independence
not recognized by Mexico
Texas annexed to USA 1845
Mexico angered
President Polk offers millions to
end the conflicts.
Mexico refuses and sends troops north.
Mexican-American War
US troops under Zachary Taylor and Winfield
Scott easily defeat Mexico.
Treaty of 1848:
California Territory, New Mexico Territory
goes to USA.
US pays millions to Mexico.
Mexico no longer claims rights to Texas.
The Wilmot Proviso created further arguments, negotiations,
compromises, and contributed to the outbreak of the Civil
War.

31. Confederate Vice President
Alexander Stephens
stated that the foundation of the new
nation was the supremacy of whites over
African-Americans, claiming it to be a
"great physical, philosophical, and moral truth".
Simple Prejudice
He was not alone in his beliefs.

34. Northern
farm commodities
Wheat
Cattle
Wool
Sheep
Barley
Canola
Hay
Eggs
Oats
Milk
Get the point by this illustration?
CottonOne Crop
Economy

35. Northern
Manufacturing
Southern………………
………………………………
….Cotton!

37. To ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico.
Who would object?
Where was Santa Ana during these events?
Why did Mexico try to hold on to Texas through all the conflicts?
What river would now be the southern border of Texas?
Examine the balance of power between the slave states and the free states as a result of the
passing of the Wilmot Proviso.

39. Tariffs •
Tariffs are fees charged for
imported goods from
Europe
“We don’t need no factories, Cotton is King
around here and that’s where the money is.”
The North says,
“We have factories, but we can’t beat
out the British, they have too much.”
The South says,
The solution was to make the
British pay money to sell their
cotton goods to the northern
states.

40. A
Repeat
To make
Another
Point
Northern
Manufacturing
Southern………………
………………………………
….Cotton!

41. $$$
Southern
…………………………………
…………………………………
………Cotton.
Northern
Manufacturing
People in the
northern states
Great Britain

42. Tariffs
$$$
Southern
…………………………………
…………………………………
………Cotton.
Northern
Manufacturing
$$
$$
$$
People in the
northern states
Great Britain
Many tariffs were legislated, led
by the Northern states’
congressmen.
Explain their reasoning.

43. $
$
$
$
Tariffs
$$$
Southern
…………………………………
…………………………………
………Cotton.
Northern
Manufacturing
$$
$$
$$
People in the
northern states
Great Britain
Tariffs
Northern
Manufacturing

44. A short Q @ A to see if you really understand:
What did the South want?
1. The South wanted the north to leave them and
their cotton industry alone.
2. The South wanted the price of cotton to stay high for
more profits.
3. The South was against tariffs which would cut off
the trade with Britain .
4. The South knew they were losing power in
Congress and needed no laws that would restrict the
growth of slavery.
5. The South demanded free trade without
restrictions of any kind.
6. The South believed that States’ Rights as
described in the Constitution would protect the
slave-holding states.

46. nullificatio
n
“If we don’t like it, we won’t recognize it.”
“You make a law we don’t like, we aren’t gonna’ obey it.”

47. Congress
passed
Federal
tariff bills
that hurt the
Southern
economy.
The southern state of South Carolina
passed the “Ordinance of Nullification”
which stated the tariffs to be
unconstitutional.
On March 1, 1833, Congress passed
the Force Bill—authorizing government troops
to enter South Carolina to enforce the tariffs.
A short discussion period
would provide a small
platform for those who see
this as humorous.

48. US government passes a law
Southern states nullify the law-they won’t obey it.
US government tells the Southern states- “Obey the law”.
Southern states say “NO”.
US government will send in troops to enforce the law.
Tariffs
Nullified
Forced
Still Nullified

49. • This Nullification argument would end by 1836.
• Effects on the future: the Southern States were being tougher
to deal with over any subject.
• Government troops could be used against the more agitating
southern states.
• Southern states saw nullification as future possibility.
• Southern states saw the value of arguing States’ Rights.

51. Repeat
To Make
Another
Point
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
would forbid slavery above the Ohio
River, and the Constitution would allow
abolition of the slave trade by 1807.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787

53. Lands and Farm Lands
in
Kansas and Nebraska

54. Stephen Douglas of Illinois President Franklin Pierce
PurposeoftheActwasto
createtwonewterritories,
andopenupthousandsof
newfarms,and openland
foranewTranscontinental
Railroad.
But………
there was a clause
in the act…….

55. The Popular Sovereignty Clause
Question:
Take a guess.
This clause means ….
a. Trouble.
b. Soon the Territories will
become states.
c. The South will lose Kansas
and Nebraska
d. Slavery will not be allowed
in Kansas or Nebraska.
The people of Kansas-Nebraska will vote for or
against slavery in their territories.
Popular Sovereignty means the majority choice of the people.

56. Discussion Question: What could the supporters of slavery do to help the vote go
their way?
What could the anti-slavery faction do to help the vote go their way?
What DID Happen?

57. Free-Soilers
Free-Staters
Jayhawkers
Pro-Slave Staters
Border Ruffiansversus
They came from all-over, most from Missouri.

58. Campaigning in Kansas

59. The Kansas–Nebraska Act divided the nation and pointed it
toward civil war.
The Act itself virtually nullified the Missouri Compromise of
1820.
The turmoil over the act split both the Democratic and Whig
parties and gave rise to the Republican Party, which split the
United States into two major political camps, the Republican
North and the Democratic South.
Bottom Line:
Kansas and Nebraska would be
Free-
State

61. John Brown and his family and allies were
violent anti-slavery, abolitionists.
His group was involved with “Bleeding Kansas”
His group led a violent
attack on the military
supply depot in
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia-
1859

62. The abolitionist John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry in 1859
convinced more and more southerners that their northern
neighbors were bent on the destruction of the “peculiar
institution” that sustained them.

63. "John Brown's body lies
a-mouldering in the grave,
His soul's marching on."
"He's gone to be a soldier
in the army of the Lord,
His soul's marching on."
Charles Town jury found Brown guilty on all three counts.
Brown was sentenced to be hanged in public on December 2.
In response to the sentence, Ralph Waldo Emerson remarked
that "[John Brown] will make the gallows glorious like the
Cross." Cadets from the Virginia Military Institute under the
leadership of General Francis H. Smith and Major Thomas J.
Jackson (who would earn the nickname "Stonewall" less than
two years later) were called into service as a security detail in
the event Brown's supporters attempted a rescue.
A company of US
Marines fought
with Brown’s
forces, capturing
10 and killing 5, 8
escaped.
This song was sung by armies during
the Civil War.

64. Harriet
Tubman
An American abolitionist and political activist.
Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently
made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including family and friends,[2] using
the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. During the
American Civil War, she served as an armed scout and spy for the Union Army. In her later years, Tubman
was an activist in the movement for women's suffrage.
90 yrs old
at her
death

66. Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott case (1857)
confirmed the legality of slavery in the territories.
Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision
His owner took him outside the south and through states that did not allow
slavery. These states had rules that any enslaved person brought into the state
became free. Dred Scott sued to try to win his freedom.
United States Supreme Court denied his plea,
determining that no Negro was or
could ever be a citizen.
Dred Scott was a slave.
Married with two daughters
Dred Scott decision allowed slaves to be brought into their states.
Slavery was now legal in the
territories

67. Cause #7

68. North 100% loyal to Union.
South 50% loyal to Union.
50% loyal to the South.
Southern
Honor
Attacked
1852

69. • “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist
cause in the 1850s.
Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel
of the 19th century and the second best-
selling book of that century, following the
_______________?_________.
The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also
asserting that Christian love can overcome something as
destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings.
The book and the plays it inspired helped popularize a number
of stereotypes about black people.

71. Caning
of
Charles Sumner
actual
1856

72. Preston Brooks
a pro-slavery
Democrat from
South Carolina
Charles Sumner
an abolitionist
Republican from
Massachusetts
Paraphrased.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was a sin,
Kansas must be admitted as a free
state. The authors of this act, Douglas
and Andrew Butler should be flogged.
I fiercely denounce slaveholders.
Click for more of
Sumner’s speech

73. The beating nearly killed Sumner and it contributed
significantly to the country's polarization over the issue of
slavery. It has been considered symbolic of the "breakdown of
reasoned discourse" and the use of violence that eventually led
to the Civil War.

75. The South feared that Lincoln would
stop the expansion of slavery and put
on a course toward extinction.
The South was already in the minority
in the House and were looking at a
perpetual minority position in the
Senate.
So what will the South do?
LEAVE
THE
UNION

76. Abraham Lincoln John C. Breckinridge
Republican Party Southern
Democrat
Illinois Kentucky
Hannibal Hamlin Joseph Lane
John Bell
Constitutional
Union
Tennessee
Edward Everett
Stephen A. Douglas
Northern
Democrat
Illinois
Herschel Johnson
Running mate

79. In the 1860 presidential election, Republicans, led by
Abraham Lincoln, supported banning slavery in all
the U.S. territories. The Southern states viewed this as
a violation of their constitutional rights and as the first
step in a plan to eventually abolish slavery.
"I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to
interfere with the institution of slavery in the
United States where it exists. I believe I have
no lawful right to do so, and I have no
inclination to do so."

80. LINCOLN IS
ELECTED
PRESIDENT

81. Slavery and the Cotton Gin
The Constitution and Slavery
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Fugitive Slave Clause
Sectionalism
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Wilmot Proviso
One Crop Economy
Tariffs
States' rights
Nullification and Force
Territorial Crisis
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular Sovereignty
John Brown
Dred Scott Case
Honor
Election of 1860
Republican Party
Summary List

82. This concludes
“Prelude to the Civil War”
The war itself follows in summary style.