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Vertebrates chordata chart
- 1. Chordata Vertebrates Fishes Amphibians ReptilesBirds Mammals Body Plan Important general characteristics Jaw (There are jawless fishes) Endoskeleton – powerful muscles attach to bones. Poikilotherms Strong endoskeleton. Poikilotherms. Body covered with scales. Clawed Toes Ectothermic metabolism. No feathers or hair. Poikylotherms. Feet covered with scales Body covered with feathers – trap heat and help in flight Beak and Short Tail Endotherms Endotherms. Hair. Specialized teeth – herbivores: large, flat molars; carnivores: long, sharp canines Locomotion Paired Fins Swim Bladder – controls buoyancy Streamline shape; muscular tail Legs Limbs adapted for function Strong endoskeleton Legs under body Wings Hollow bones Run, hop, climb, swim, burrow, fly Nervous System Eyes – detect light Nostrils – sense odors Taste buds, inner ear Lateral line – senses water movement Developed eyes and ears – with eardrum Highly developed vision Good hearing Jacobson’s organ – tasting Pit organ - Heat-sensing Use vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch to navigate – the importance of a sense depends on lifestyle Use vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch to navigate – the importance of a sense depends on lifestyle Reproduction Sexually – external fertilization Spawning Sharks, skates, rays – internal fertilization Eggs are not watertight, so they must reproduce in a wet area External and internal fertilization Amniotic, water-tight eggs. Internal fertilization Leathery shell Amniotic eggs. Internal fertilization. Hard shell Care for eggs and young Produce milk in mammary glands. Gestation period Monotremes – duckbill platypus Marsupials – possum, koala Placental mammals – develop completely inside mother before birth Circulation Closed-loop circulation Simple chamber pump heart / 2chambers Double-Loop Circulation; partially divided heart Heart with partially divided ventricle 3C. Crocodiles 4C Chambered heart separates deoxygenated blood from oxygenated blood (4C). Fast heart beat Four-chambered heart with divided sections (4C). Respiration Gills Larvae have gills, but adults have lungs Cutaneous respiration – oxygen obtained across thin, wet skin Developed Lungs with large surface area Cannot breathe through skin Lungs with large surface area.One-way air flow through air sacs Large, efficient lungs aided by the diaphragm muscle Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Other defining Characteristics Most ancient of all the vertebrates Kidney – organ that regulates fish’s salt and water balance and removes wastes from the blood; produces urine Gills also release wastes Must live in moist habitats Carnivores as adults Metamorphosis First vertebrates to live completely on land. Cannot tolerate cold weather Higher body temperature than mammals – fast metabolism for flight. Fast digestion. Beak adapted to feed on different food. Hair functions as insulation, camouflage, advertising to other animals, sensory Examples Jawless Fish – hagfishes and lampreys; Cartilaginous Fish – sharks, skates, rays; Bony Fish – very diverse and widespread Salamanders, Caecilians, Frogs and Toads Snakes, lizards, turtle, tortoises, crocodiles crocodiles, Perching birds, birds of prey, flightless birds, diving birds, water birds, wading birds Monkey, dolphin, mouse, donkey, cat, armadillo, panda bear, possum, elephant