Animal excretion
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This document discusses animal excretion, providing a chart and pictures to illustrate the topic. It begins with prior knowledge that there are many types of animal excretory systems. The main section defines animal excretion as the excretory system in land animals that eliminates nitrogenous waste and regulates salt and water balance, as aquatic animals do. Pictures and a conclusion hoping the reader found it informative complete the document.
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Excretion
It has two videos which are not playing . If you want to add videos you can download it from the link given below.
For plants: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s44RQi_P7kQ
For animals: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhnRhfFLyOg
Animals' excretion
The excretory system of annelids consists of nephridia, which are tubular organs that open to the outside. Nephridia eliminate metabolic waste from the body. Earthworms have metanephridia composed of nephrostomes and complex tubules that open to the outside via nephridopores. The coelomic fluid enters the nephrostome and is transformed into urine as it passes through the tubule, with various substances being reabsorbed or eliminated.
BIOLOGY PPT-EXCRETION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Excretion is the process by which waste products are eliminated from organisms. In plants, waste is excreted through various methods like releasing oxygen during photosynthesis, transpiration of excess water, and shedding of waste-containing leaves. Vacuoles can also store waste. In animals, the main excretory products are carbon dioxide, ammonia, urea, uric acid, guanine, and creatine. Aquatic animals excrete ammonia directly into water, while terrestrial animals convert ammonia into other compounds due to less water. Birds excrete uric acid paste for efficient water retention. Insects use Malpighian tubules to excrete waste into intestines and release it with fecal matter
11. 7th CBSE - Transportation in Plants and Animals
The document discusses transportation in plants and animals. It covers the circulatory system which transports oxygen and nutrients through blood, blood vessels, and the heart in humans. It also discusses the excretory system which removes waste through sweat and other processes. Finally, it addresses how water and minerals are transported in plants through transpiration and other mechanisms.
Animal excretion
This document discusses excretion in different animals. It explains that tigers, cats, and other mammals excrete urea through their kidneys, which filter blood to prevent water loss while removing nitrogenous waste. Birds and reptiles near the sea have nasal salt glands that remove excess salt consumed in their diets by secreting concentrated salt solutions. The document was written by elementary school students to explain their initial knowledge about animal excretion.
Excretion
The document summarizes the key functions of the excretory system and kidneys. It discusses how early multicellular organisms evolved organ systems to transport nutrients and remove waste. It then focuses on the different nitrogen waste products produced by organisms depending on their environment, such as ammonia, urea, and uric acid. Finally, it describes the human kidney and its role in filtering waste from the bloodstream to produce urine for excretion.
Excretion
The document provides an overview of the excretory system and kidney function. It discusses how different organisms such as insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia, uric acid, or urea. It describes the structure and function of the human kidney and nephrons in filtering waste from the blood and producing urine for excretion. Key topics covered include the excretion of uric acid by birds, the working of the kidney, types of excretion, kidney failure, gout, and kidney stones.
Biology M3 Excretion & Osmoregulation
The document discusses excretion in animals. It describes the structure and function of the human kidney and nephron in removing waste from the bloodstream. The kidney contains nephrons, which filter the blood to form urine via ultrafiltration, reabsorption of useful substances, and secretion of waste. Substances excreted include nitrogenous wastes like urea and water. Alcohol consumption places additional strain on the kidneys as a diuretic and can cause dehydration or electrolyte imbalance with excessive use.
Recommended
Excretion
It has two videos which are not playing . If you want to add videos you can download it from the link given below.
For plants: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s44RQi_P7kQ
For animals: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhnRhfFLyOg
Animals' excretion
The excretory system of annelids consists of nephridia, which are tubular organs that open to the outside. Nephridia eliminate metabolic waste from the body. Earthworms have metanephridia composed of nephrostomes and complex tubules that open to the outside via nephridopores. The coelomic fluid enters the nephrostome and is transformed into urine as it passes through the tubule, with various substances being reabsorbed or eliminated.
BIOLOGY PPT-EXCRETION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Excretion is the process by which waste products are eliminated from organisms. In plants, waste is excreted through various methods like releasing oxygen during photosynthesis, transpiration of excess water, and shedding of waste-containing leaves. Vacuoles can also store waste. In animals, the main excretory products are carbon dioxide, ammonia, urea, uric acid, guanine, and creatine. Aquatic animals excrete ammonia directly into water, while terrestrial animals convert ammonia into other compounds due to less water. Birds excrete uric acid paste for efficient water retention. Insects use Malpighian tubules to excrete waste into intestines and release it with fecal matter
11. 7th CBSE - Transportation in Plants and Animals
The document discusses transportation in plants and animals. It covers the circulatory system which transports oxygen and nutrients through blood, blood vessels, and the heart in humans. It also discusses the excretory system which removes waste through sweat and other processes. Finally, it addresses how water and minerals are transported in plants through transpiration and other mechanisms.
Animal excretion
This document discusses excretion in different animals. It explains that tigers, cats, and other mammals excrete urea through their kidneys, which filter blood to prevent water loss while removing nitrogenous waste. Birds and reptiles near the sea have nasal salt glands that remove excess salt consumed in their diets by secreting concentrated salt solutions. The document was written by elementary school students to explain their initial knowledge about animal excretion.
Excretion
The document summarizes the key functions of the excretory system and kidneys. It discusses how early multicellular organisms evolved organ systems to transport nutrients and remove waste. It then focuses on the different nitrogen waste products produced by organisms depending on their environment, such as ammonia, urea, and uric acid. Finally, it describes the human kidney and its role in filtering waste from the bloodstream to produce urine for excretion.
Excretion
The document provides an overview of the excretory system and kidney function. It discusses how different organisms such as insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia, uric acid, or urea. It describes the structure and function of the human kidney and nephrons in filtering waste from the blood and producing urine for excretion. Key topics covered include the excretion of uric acid by birds, the working of the kidney, types of excretion, kidney failure, gout, and kidney stones.
Biology M3 Excretion & Osmoregulation
The document discusses excretion in animals. It describes the structure and function of the human kidney and nephron in removing waste from the bloodstream. The kidney contains nephrons, which filter the blood to form urine via ultrafiltration, reabsorption of useful substances, and secretion of waste. Substances excreted include nitrogenous wastes like urea and water. Alcohol consumption places additional strain on the kidneys as a diuretic and can cause dehydration or electrolyte imbalance with excessive use.
Plant excretion!
Plant excretion is the process by which plants remove unwanted substances. It involves storing waste substances in vacuoles and producing organic and inorganic waste products during metabolism. The main waste products are oxygen from photosynthesis and carbon dioxide from respiration. Plants metabolize and produce various substances, storing toxic heavy metals and excreting waste through their leaves and vacuoles.
Excretion patterns
Excretion in various invertebrates and vertebrates is dealt as per the PG syllabus prescribed by Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University Ballari. It is useful for the PG students studying animal physiology as the core subject under zoology. It gives a overall picture of excretion to the teacher who is teaching animal physiology to the collegiate and university levels.
What is Excretion?
Excretion is the process by which organisms remove metabolic waste products from the body. Key waste products include carbon dioxide, excess mineral salts, and nitrogenous wastes like urea, uric acid, and creatinine. These wastes are removed by different excretory organs like the lungs, kidneys, skin, and liver to prevent their harmful accumulation in the body. Proper excretion is important for overall health and homeostasis.
COMPARATIVE ACCOUNT OF EXCRETORY PROCESS AMONG INVERTEBRATES
This document provides a comparative account of excretory processes among invertebrates. It discusses the different excretory organs and processes seen in various invertebrate phyla, including sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, nematodes, annelids, arthropods, molluscs, and echinoderms. The conclusion emphasizes that invertebrates have diverse excretory organs that evolved to allow osmoregulation and the removal of nitrogenous wastes through diffusion or more complex processes depending on whether the organism lives in freshwater, terrestrial, or marine environments.
Excretion ppt
The human excretory system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which passes through the ureters into the bladder. The bladder stores urine until it is released through the urethra. Plants excrete excess water and oxygen through transpiration and stomata, and store many wastes in leaves, vacuoles, resins, or dead tissues.
Excretion power point share
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds like ammonia and urea, and salts. Ammonia is a toxic nitrogenous waste that must be removed. Organisms use different methods of removing nitrogenous waste depending on their environment - ammonia, urea, or uric acid. Humans excrete nitrogenous wastes as urea, salts, and water through the urinary system, with the kidneys playing a key role in filtering wastes from the blood to produce urine, which is then stored in the bladder and passed out of the body.
Malpighian tubules and Coxal Glands in Arachnids
Malpighian Tubules. Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous wastes
(uric acid) from the hemocoel. Various ions are actively transported
across the outer membrane of the tubule. Water follows these ions
into the tubule and carries amino acids, sugars, and some nitrogenous
wastes along passively. Some water, ions, and organic compounds are
reabsorbed in the basal portion of the Malpighian tubules and the
hindgut; the rest are reabsorbed in the rectum. Uric acid moves into
the hindgut and is excreted in the feces.
Coxal Glands in Arachnids. ( a ) The gut and excretory systems of a
spider. The stercoral pocket is a diverticulum off the hindgut that stores
waste prior to waste elimination. ( b ) Coxal gland muscles attach to the
thin saccular fi ltration membrane. These muscles promote fi ltration and
fl uid fl ow (black arrows) by contracting and relaxing along the tubular
duct. Water and solutes are reabsorbed along the tubular duct.
Excretionppt 090508150123-phpapp02 (1)
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and salts. Nitrogen wastes like ammonia are toxic and must be removed differently depending on whether an organism lives on land or in water. Humans and most land animals excrete nitrogen as urea through the kidneys into urine. The kidneys filter wastes from the blood through nephrons and return clean blood to the body while collecting urine to pass from the body.
excretory organs
The excretory system removes waste from the body through various organs to maintain chemical homeostasis. The main organs are the liver, kidneys, lungs, and skin. The liver breaks down toxins and produces bile to break down fats. The kidneys filter blood to remove urea and other wastes to produce urine. The lungs diffuse carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream during respiration. The skin excretes sweat in mammals and urea and carbon dioxide in amphibians.
2 excretion osmoregulation rev
The document discusses animal excretion and osmoregulation. It describes how animals eliminate nitrogenous waste through excretion systems and regulate water and ion concentrations through osmoregulation. The key points are:
1) Excretion involves removing nitrogenous wastes from the body through systems like the kidneys, which filter blood to produce urine for waste elimination.
2) Osmoregulation maintains water and ion balances in body fluids through mechanisms like selective reabsorption and secretion.
3) Aquatic animals like fish use specialized gills and kidney functions to regulate salt and water levels to match their environments.
Osmoregulation in Animals
Osmoregulation refers to maintaining constant solute and water concentrations internally. Some animals are osmoregulators, maintaining concentrations different from their environment, while others are osmoconformers with internal concentrations matching the environment. Osmoregulators include terrestrial vertebrates and marine bony fish. They regulate water and solute levels through mechanisms like selective reabsorption and secretion in kidneys and gills. Marine sharks are osmoregulators that maintain osmolarity using high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide in their blood.
Insect Excretory System
The document discusses the excretory system of insects. It begins by defining excretion as the removal of metabolic waste from cells, while defecation is the passing of undigested food. Aquatic insects excrete directly into water, while terrestrial insects conserve water by producing concentrated waste. The main organs of excretion are the Malpighian tubules and hindgut. The Malpighian tubules filter waste from the hemolymph and produce primary urine. The hindgut, especially the rectum, then selectively reabsorbs water and ions while eliminating other wastes like nitrogenous compounds in the form of uric acid. This allows for efficient water conservation in terrestrial insects.
Osmoregulation and excretion
This document discusses osmoregulation and excretion in animals. It explains that osmoregulation balances water and solute levels to maintain homeostasis despite environmental challenges. Marine animals risk dehydration while freshwater animals risk dilution. The kidneys play a key role in excretion by filtering blood to form urine and reabsorbing useful substances while secreting waste and excess ions. For example, marine fish drink seawater and produce dilute urine while freshwater fish produce dilute urine and absorb ions through their gills. The kidneys of desert animals like kangaroo rats are highly efficient at conserving water.
Animal Survival
The document discusses several topics related to animal survival:
1) The need for food is addressed through the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food and the role of enzymes and digestion.
2) Reproduction is explained through sexual reproduction and the male and female sex organs and cells. Fertilization and development of the embryo are also covered.
3) Responding to the environment discusses how animals are adapted to changes in factors like light, humidity, and chemicals. Rhythmic behaviors related to day/night cycles and seasons are presented.
Lecture 7 excretion and osmoregulation
This document discusses excretion and osmoregulation. It describes how animals maintain homeostasis through excretion of metabolic wastes and regulation of salt and water concentrations. Various excretory organs are described across different phyla, including contractile vacuoles in protozoa, protonephridia in flatworms, metanephridia in annelids and molluscs, antennal glands in crustaceans, Malpighian tubules in insects, and kidneys in vertebrates. The nephron is described as the basic functional unit of the vertebrate kidney. Physiological processes in urine formation and regulation of excretion through hormones like ADH, renin-angiot
Animal survival
The excretory system regulates water and salt balance and removes metabolic waste from the body. At the cellular level, waste diffuses out of cells. Multicellular organisms have specialized excretory organs to remove waste. The kidneys filter blood and regulate ion and water levels, producing concentrated urine. Aquatic animals also regulate salt levels to prevent too much or too little water from crossing their membranes. Terrestrial animals have developed ways to reduce water loss through their skin and produce concentrated urine.
Presentation 12 - Osmoregulation And Excretion
This document discusses osmoregulation and excretion in living systems. It describes how animals balance water and solute levels and how they produce and dispose of nitrogenous waste. The mammalian kidney is highlighted as an example of an excretory organ that filters blood, reabsorbs necessary solutes, and excretes waste through nephrons and associated vessels. Hormones and the nervous system help regulate kidney function to maintain homeostasis.
Osmoregulation, exercetion
Osmoregulation refers to the physiological processes organisms use to regulate water balance and maintain proper osmotic concentrations of body fluids. Terrestrial animals are more prone to water loss and have developed strategies like specialized excretory organs to prevent it. Freshwater animals often have contractile vacuoles that collect and expel excess water to prevent bursting from osmosis. Marine animals need to conserve water and actively expel excess salts through gills and kidneys to maintain hypotonic internal environments.
Unit 2 excretion and osmoregulation
The document summarizes key concepts about osmoregulation and excretion. It discusses how marine and freshwater animals regulate water and solute levels, the nitrogenous wastes produced by different organisms, and excretory organs in invertebrates and humans. It focuses in depth on osmoregulation and waste removal in fish, the structures and functions of the human urinary system including the kidney and nephron, and how the kidney aids homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, secretion and hormone regulation.
11.3 kidney
1. Animals are either osmoregulators, which maintain constant internal solute concentrations even in varying external environments, or osmoconformers, which match internal solute concentrations to their surroundings.
2. Insects and arthropods use Malpighian tubules to remove nitrogenous waste from hemolymph and balance water and solute concentrations, while vertebrates use kidneys which filter blood and remove wastes through specialized tubules.
3. The kidney facilitates ultrafiltration through the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, then the nephron selectively reabsorbs useful substances and balances water through structures like the loop of Henle and collecting duct under hormonal control.
excretion in plants and animals
Excretion is the process by which waste products are eliminated from organisms. In plants, waste is excreted through various methods like releasing oxygen during photosynthesis, transpiration of excess water, and shedding of waste-containing leaves. Vacuoles can also store waste. In animals, the main excretory products are carbon dioxide, ammonia, urea, uric acid, guanine, and creatine. Aquatic animals excrete ammonia directly into water, while terrestrial animals convert ammonia into other nitrogenous compounds due to less water. Birds excrete uric acid paste for efficient water retention. Insects use Malpighian tubules to excrete waste into intestines and release it with f
Excretion
The document summarizes excretion and the human kidney. It discusses how the kidneys remove waste from the blood through intricate filtration units called nephrons. Blood enters nephrons where it is filtered, with waste diffusing out and useful molecules reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. The filtrate then travels through different regions of the nephron where further reabsorption and secretion occurs. This complex process establishes concentration gradients to efficiently filter waste from the blood and produce hyperosmotic urine for excretion. Kidney failure requires dialysis to artificially perform the kidneys' waste removal functions.
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What's hot
Plant excretion!
Plant excretion is the process by which plants remove unwanted substances. It involves storing waste substances in vacuoles and producing organic and inorganic waste products during metabolism. The main waste products are oxygen from photosynthesis and carbon dioxide from respiration. Plants metabolize and produce various substances, storing toxic heavy metals and excreting waste through their leaves and vacuoles.
Excretion patterns
Excretion in various invertebrates and vertebrates is dealt as per the PG syllabus prescribed by Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University Ballari. It is useful for the PG students studying animal physiology as the core subject under zoology. It gives a overall picture of excretion to the teacher who is teaching animal physiology to the collegiate and university levels.
What is Excretion?
Excretion is the process by which organisms remove metabolic waste products from the body. Key waste products include carbon dioxide, excess mineral salts, and nitrogenous wastes like urea, uric acid, and creatinine. These wastes are removed by different excretory organs like the lungs, kidneys, skin, and liver to prevent their harmful accumulation in the body. Proper excretion is important for overall health and homeostasis.
COMPARATIVE ACCOUNT OF EXCRETORY PROCESS AMONG INVERTEBRATES
This document provides a comparative account of excretory processes among invertebrates. It discusses the different excretory organs and processes seen in various invertebrate phyla, including sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, nematodes, annelids, arthropods, molluscs, and echinoderms. The conclusion emphasizes that invertebrates have diverse excretory organs that evolved to allow osmoregulation and the removal of nitrogenous wastes through diffusion or more complex processes depending on whether the organism lives in freshwater, terrestrial, or marine environments.
Excretion ppt
The human excretory system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which passes through the ureters into the bladder. The bladder stores urine until it is released through the urethra. Plants excrete excess water and oxygen through transpiration and stomata, and store many wastes in leaves, vacuoles, resins, or dead tissues.
Excretion power point share
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds like ammonia and urea, and salts. Ammonia is a toxic nitrogenous waste that must be removed. Organisms use different methods of removing nitrogenous waste depending on their environment - ammonia, urea, or uric acid. Humans excrete nitrogenous wastes as urea, salts, and water through the urinary system, with the kidneys playing a key role in filtering wastes from the blood to produce urine, which is then stored in the bladder and passed out of the body.
Malpighian tubules and Coxal Glands in Arachnids
Malpighian Tubules. Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous wastes
(uric acid) from the hemocoel. Various ions are actively transported
across the outer membrane of the tubule. Water follows these ions
into the tubule and carries amino acids, sugars, and some nitrogenous
wastes along passively. Some water, ions, and organic compounds are
reabsorbed in the basal portion of the Malpighian tubules and the
hindgut; the rest are reabsorbed in the rectum. Uric acid moves into
the hindgut and is excreted in the feces.
Coxal Glands in Arachnids. ( a ) The gut and excretory systems of a
spider. The stercoral pocket is a diverticulum off the hindgut that stores
waste prior to waste elimination. ( b ) Coxal gland muscles attach to the
thin saccular fi ltration membrane. These muscles promote fi ltration and
fl uid fl ow (black arrows) by contracting and relaxing along the tubular
duct. Water and solutes are reabsorbed along the tubular duct.
Excretionppt 090508150123-phpapp02 (1)
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and salts. Nitrogen wastes like ammonia are toxic and must be removed differently depending on whether an organism lives on land or in water. Humans and most land animals excrete nitrogen as urea through the kidneys into urine. The kidneys filter wastes from the blood through nephrons and return clean blood to the body while collecting urine to pass from the body.
excretory organs
The excretory system removes waste from the body through various organs to maintain chemical homeostasis. The main organs are the liver, kidneys, lungs, and skin. The liver breaks down toxins and produces bile to break down fats. The kidneys filter blood to remove urea and other wastes to produce urine. The lungs diffuse carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream during respiration. The skin excretes sweat in mammals and urea and carbon dioxide in amphibians.
2 excretion osmoregulation rev
The document discusses animal excretion and osmoregulation. It describes how animals eliminate nitrogenous waste through excretion systems and regulate water and ion concentrations through osmoregulation. The key points are:
1) Excretion involves removing nitrogenous wastes from the body through systems like the kidneys, which filter blood to produce urine for waste elimination.
2) Osmoregulation maintains water and ion balances in body fluids through mechanisms like selective reabsorption and secretion.
3) Aquatic animals like fish use specialized gills and kidney functions to regulate salt and water levels to match their environments.
Osmoregulation in Animals
Osmoregulation refers to maintaining constant solute and water concentrations internally. Some animals are osmoregulators, maintaining concentrations different from their environment, while others are osmoconformers with internal concentrations matching the environment. Osmoregulators include terrestrial vertebrates and marine bony fish. They regulate water and solute levels through mechanisms like selective reabsorption and secretion in kidneys and gills. Marine sharks are osmoregulators that maintain osmolarity using high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide in their blood.
Insect Excretory System
The document discusses the excretory system of insects. It begins by defining excretion as the removal of metabolic waste from cells, while defecation is the passing of undigested food. Aquatic insects excrete directly into water, while terrestrial insects conserve water by producing concentrated waste. The main organs of excretion are the Malpighian tubules and hindgut. The Malpighian tubules filter waste from the hemolymph and produce primary urine. The hindgut, especially the rectum, then selectively reabsorbs water and ions while eliminating other wastes like nitrogenous compounds in the form of uric acid. This allows for efficient water conservation in terrestrial insects.
Osmoregulation and excretion
This document discusses osmoregulation and excretion in animals. It explains that osmoregulation balances water and solute levels to maintain homeostasis despite environmental challenges. Marine animals risk dehydration while freshwater animals risk dilution. The kidneys play a key role in excretion by filtering blood to form urine and reabsorbing useful substances while secreting waste and excess ions. For example, marine fish drink seawater and produce dilute urine while freshwater fish produce dilute urine and absorb ions through their gills. The kidneys of desert animals like kangaroo rats are highly efficient at conserving water.
Animal Survival
The document discusses several topics related to animal survival:
1) The need for food is addressed through the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food and the role of enzymes and digestion.
2) Reproduction is explained through sexual reproduction and the male and female sex organs and cells. Fertilization and development of the embryo are also covered.
3) Responding to the environment discusses how animals are adapted to changes in factors like light, humidity, and chemicals. Rhythmic behaviors related to day/night cycles and seasons are presented.
Lecture 7 excretion and osmoregulation
This document discusses excretion and osmoregulation. It describes how animals maintain homeostasis through excretion of metabolic wastes and regulation of salt and water concentrations. Various excretory organs are described across different phyla, including contractile vacuoles in protozoa, protonephridia in flatworms, metanephridia in annelids and molluscs, antennal glands in crustaceans, Malpighian tubules in insects, and kidneys in vertebrates. The nephron is described as the basic functional unit of the vertebrate kidney. Physiological processes in urine formation and regulation of excretion through hormones like ADH, renin-angiot
Animal survival
The excretory system regulates water and salt balance and removes metabolic waste from the body. At the cellular level, waste diffuses out of cells. Multicellular organisms have specialized excretory organs to remove waste. The kidneys filter blood and regulate ion and water levels, producing concentrated urine. Aquatic animals also regulate salt levels to prevent too much or too little water from crossing their membranes. Terrestrial animals have developed ways to reduce water loss through their skin and produce concentrated urine.
Presentation 12 - Osmoregulation And Excretion
This document discusses osmoregulation and excretion in living systems. It describes how animals balance water and solute levels and how they produce and dispose of nitrogenous waste. The mammalian kidney is highlighted as an example of an excretory organ that filters blood, reabsorbs necessary solutes, and excretes waste through nephrons and associated vessels. Hormones and the nervous system help regulate kidney function to maintain homeostasis.
Osmoregulation, exercetion
Osmoregulation refers to the physiological processes organisms use to regulate water balance and maintain proper osmotic concentrations of body fluids. Terrestrial animals are more prone to water loss and have developed strategies like specialized excretory organs to prevent it. Freshwater animals often have contractile vacuoles that collect and expel excess water to prevent bursting from osmosis. Marine animals need to conserve water and actively expel excess salts through gills and kidneys to maintain hypotonic internal environments.
Unit 2 excretion and osmoregulation
The document summarizes key concepts about osmoregulation and excretion. It discusses how marine and freshwater animals regulate water and solute levels, the nitrogenous wastes produced by different organisms, and excretory organs in invertebrates and humans. It focuses in depth on osmoregulation and waste removal in fish, the structures and functions of the human urinary system including the kidney and nephron, and how the kidney aids homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, secretion and hormone regulation.
11.3 kidney
1. Animals are either osmoregulators, which maintain constant internal solute concentrations even in varying external environments, or osmoconformers, which match internal solute concentrations to their surroundings.
2. Insects and arthropods use Malpighian tubules to remove nitrogenous waste from hemolymph and balance water and solute concentrations, while vertebrates use kidneys which filter blood and remove wastes through specialized tubules.
3. The kidney facilitates ultrafiltration through the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, then the nephron selectively reabsorbs useful substances and balances water through structures like the loop of Henle and collecting duct under hormonal control.
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COMPARATIVE ACCOUNT OF EXCRETORY PROCESS AMONG INVERTEBRATES
COMPARATIVE ACCOUNT OF EXCRETORY PROCESS AMONG INVERTEBRATES
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excretion in plants and animals
Excretion is the process by which waste products are eliminated from organisms. In plants, waste is excreted through various methods like releasing oxygen during photosynthesis, transpiration of excess water, and shedding of waste-containing leaves. Vacuoles can also store waste. In animals, the main excretory products are carbon dioxide, ammonia, urea, uric acid, guanine, and creatine. Aquatic animals excrete ammonia directly into water, while terrestrial animals convert ammonia into other nitrogenous compounds due to less water. Birds excrete uric acid paste for efficient water retention. Insects use Malpighian tubules to excrete waste into intestines and release it with f
Excretion
The document summarizes excretion and the human kidney. It discusses how the kidneys remove waste from the blood through intricate filtration units called nephrons. Blood enters nephrons where it is filtered, with waste diffusing out and useful molecules reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. The filtrate then travels through different regions of the nephron where further reabsorption and secretion occurs. This complex process establishes concentration gradients to efficiently filter waste from the blood and produce hyperosmotic urine for excretion. Kidney failure requires dialysis to artificially perform the kidneys' waste removal functions.
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The document summarizes the process of muscle contraction via actin and myosin. Calcium ions are released which bind to troponin, displacing tropomyosin and exposing myosin binding sites on actin filaments. Myosin heads attach and change position to slide actin filaments, then detach when ATP binds. Hydrolysis of ATP provides energy to detach myosin heads, and calcium is reabsorbed allowing tropomyosin to reblock binding sites.
IB Biology 5.1-5.2 Slides: Evolution & Natural Selection
The document discusses pentadactyl limbs, which have five digits, in different organisms like crocodiles, penguins, echidnas, and frogs. It also discusses speciation and evidence from geographical variation, specifically focusing on the finches of Daphne Major island. The document appears to be from an IB Biology textbook covering evolution and natural selection, and discusses limb structure and function in different organisms as well as speciation patterns seen in island finches.
urine formation
The document discusses renal physiology and the urinary system. It contains the following key points:
1. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons which filter blood to form urine.
2. The kidneys regulate fluid volume, electrolyte and acid-base balance, and remove waste. Nephrons contain a renal corpuscle for filtration and a tubule for reabsorption and secretion.
3. The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs the majority of filtered sodium, water, and other electrolytes using active transport mechanisms like sodium-glucose co-transport. This maintains electrolyte and fluid balance
Excretion Ppt
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and salts. Nitrogen wastes like ammonia are toxic and must be removed; different organisms excrete nitrogen in the forms of ammonia, urea, or uric acid depending on their environment. In humans, the kidneys filter wastes like urea and salts from the blood and excrete them in urine through the urinary system.
Urine formation
The kidneys produce urine through three main processes:
1) Filtration of water and dissolved substances from the blood in the glomeruli into the Bowman's capsule.
2) Reabsorption of water, nutrients like glucose, and ions like sodium out of the kidney tubules and back into the bloodstream, preventing their loss in urine.
3) Secretion of substances like hydrogen and potassium ions, ammonia, and drugs from the blood into the kidney tubules to be eliminated in urine, which helps regulate acid-base balance.
Mechanism of muscle contraction
This document summarizes the structure and contraction mechanism of skeletal muscle. It describes the hierarchical structure of muscle from the whole muscle down to the contractile myofibrils. The myofibrils contain repeating units called sarcomeres, which are composed of actin and myosin filaments. Muscle contraction is triggered by a nerve impulse that causes calcium release and the sliding of actin and myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere. Contraction occurs as long as calcium is present; relaxation happens when calcium is pumped back into storage.
Basic Neuroanatomy
This document provides an overview of basic neuroanatomy, including:
- Gross anatomy sections on gyri, sulci, fissures, grey and white matter, and fiber tracts.
- Descriptions of the cerebral cortex as the outer wrinkled surface, with neocortex as the outer layer and cortical layers and functional divisions.
- The limbic system participates in emotion, learning, and memory, and includes structures like the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and amygdala.
- Other areas discussed include the basal ganglia, ventricles, diencephalon, thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem, midbrain, pons
URINE FORMATION
This document provides an overview of urine formation and glomerular filtration rate. It discusses the key parts of nephron involved including glomerulus, Bowman's capsule and different segments of nephron. The three main steps in urine formation are glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Glomerular filtration is the process by which plasma is filtered into Bowman's space to form primary urine. The rate of glomerular filtration is regulated by various factors like hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in the glomerular capillaries. Glomerular filtration rate can be measured by using clearance of substances like inulin, creatinine and urea that are freely filtered but neither re
Anatomy of Spinal Cord
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the spinal cord including its structure, blood supply, sensory and motor systems, and approach to spinal cord diseases. Key points include:
- The spinal cord has grey matter containing nuclei and white matter containing tracts that transmit sensory and motor signals.
- It receives blood supply from the anterior and posterior spinal arteries as well as segmental radicular arteries like the artery of Adamkiewicz.
- Sensory systems assess proprioception, pain, temperature and touch. Motor systems involve upper and lower motor neurons controlling voluntary movement.
- Clinical examination assesses sensory levels and motor function to localize spinal cord lesions, while investigations include CSF analysis, imaging
General mechanism of muscle contraction
1. Muscle contraction occurs via a sliding filament mechanism where calcium ions released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum allow actin and myosin filaments to interact.
2. Myosin filaments contain cross-bridges that can attach to actin filaments and generate a pulling force via ATP hydrolysis.
3. Tropomyosin and troponin on the actin filaments regulate the exposure of actin's binding sites depending on calcium levels.
Spinal cord
The spinal cord extends from the medulla down to the L1 vertebra. It is surrounded by three meningeal layers and has 31 pairs of spinal nerves that exit between each vertebra. The spinal cord has grey matter containing nerve cell bodies and white matter containing nerve tracts. The grey matter is arranged into a dorsal horn, ventral horn, and intermediate zone. The white matter contains ascending and descending nerve tracts. The spinal cord receives its blood supply from anterior and posterior spinal arteries and radicular arteries.
Functional neuroanatomy of brain
The document provides information on the functional neuroanatomy of the human brain. It discusses the major parts and lobes of the cerebral cortex including the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. It describes key structures and regions within each lobe involved in motor control, sensory processing, vision, language, hearing and other cognitive functions. It also summarizes the thalamocortical, basal ganglia and limbic systems that make up the human brain's functional circuits.
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Mechanism and chemical changes occuring during muscle contraction
Mechanism and chemical changes occuring during muscle contraction
IB Biology 5.1-5.2 Slides: Evolution & Natural Selection
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Plant excretion!
Plant excretion is the process by which plants remove unwanted substances. It involves storing waste substances in vacuoles and producing organic and inorganic waste products during metabolism. The wastes include oxygen from photosynthesis and carbon dioxide from respiration. Plants metabolize and produce various wastes that are stored in leaves or vacuoles and removed from the body.
Plant excretion!
Plant excretion is the process by which plants remove unwanted substances. It involves storing waste substances in vacuoles and producing organic and inorganic waste products during metabolism. The main waste products are oxygen from photosynthesis and carbon dioxide from respiration. Plants metabolize and produce various substances, storing toxic heavy metals and excreting waste through their leaves and vacuoles.
Plant excretion!
Plant excretion is the process by which plants remove unwanted substances. It involves storing waste substances in vacuoles and producing organic and inorganic waste products during metabolism. The wastes include oxygen from photosynthesis and carbon dioxide from respiration. Plants metabolize and produce various wastes that are stored in leaves or vacuoles and removed from the body.
Plant excretion!
Plant excretion is the process by which plants remove unwanted substances. It involves storing waste substances in vacuoles and producing organic and inorganic waste products during metabolism. The main waste products are oxygen from photosynthesis and carbon dioxide from respiration. Waste is stored in leaves and vacuoles then removed from the plant through various metabolic processes.
Plant excretion!
Plant excretion is the process by which plants remove unwanted substances. It involves storing waste substances in vacuoles and producing organic and inorganic waste products during metabolism. The main waste products are oxygen from photosynthesis and carbon dioxide from respiration. Plants metabolize and produce various substances, storing toxic heavy metals and other byproducts in leaves and vacuoles before removing them from the body.
Plant excretion!
Plant excretion is the process by which plants remove unwanted substances. It involves defining excretion as the removal of compounds or metabolites from the body. Important parts of excretion include the vacuole, which can store both useful and waste substances. Plants produce various organic and inorganic waste products during metabolism through different processes. Oxygen is considered a waste product of photosynthesis while carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration. Leaves also store heavy metals which are toxic.
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Animal excretion
- 1. …Animal Excretion… By: Andres Felipe Valencia Maria Camila Suarez
- 2. …Index… Prior Knowledge What Is Animal Excretion Chart Of Animal Excretion Pictures Conclusion
- 3. …Prior Knowledge… There are many types of animal that have excretory system Animal Excretion is a type very important of Excretion. Animal Excretion
- 4. …what is animal Excretion… As in aquatic animals, the excretory system in land animals eliminates nitrogenous wastes and helps to establish a balance between salt and water in the body.
- 5. …CHART OF ANIMAL EXCRETION…
- 7. …Pictures…
- 8. …conclusion… We hope you like it and that understand the process of the Plant Excretion. We hope you have fun seeing this topic, because it help us a lot in our clases of science and in our school. Sicerly: Andres Felipe Valencia Maria Camila Suarez