Action research is a reflective process of progressive problem solving that aims to improve teaching practices and address problems in schools. It involves teachers systematically examining their own practices, collaborating to find solutions, and implementing changes. The methodology of action research includes developing a research plan, collecting and analyzing data, developing an action plan based on findings, and reflecting on and communicating results. Action research bridges the gap between theory and practice, creates positive relationships, enhances teacher growth, and empowers teachers.