This document discusses action research, including its definition, assumptions, types, differences from formal research, steps, and benefits. Action research is defined as a type of research conducted by educators to solve problems in education. It typically involves teachers and principals using their skills to address local issues, often collaboratively and through developing their own instruments. The document outlines four types of action research and compares it to formal research. It also details the five step process of action research and lists some benefits such as improving communication and promoting school change.

1. ACTION RESEARCH
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
MUHAMMAD USMAN AWAN
M.A. ENGLISH

2. DEFINITION OF
ACTION RESEARCH
Action research is a type of research in
which the solutions of educational sector
problems are find out by the educators,
teachers or principals…

3. ASSUMPTIONS / PRINCIPLES
Teachers and principals use their
professional skills to find solutions to local
problems
Teachers and principals work effectively
when they are encouraged by providing
them with the required equipment and data
sources
Teachers and principals may work
collaboratively
Teachers and principals use their own
developed instruments.

4. DIFFERENCE & SIMILARITIES B/W
ACTION & FORMAL RESEARCH
ACTION RESEARCH:
1. Systematic inquiry.
2. Problems of local concern are solved.
3. Little formal training required to carry out
action research.
4. Teacher developed instruments are used.
5. No outside experts are involved in it.

5. DIFFERENCE & SIMILARITIES B/W
ACTION & FORMAL RESEARCH
FORMAL RESEARCH:
1. Systematic inquiry.
2. Problems of wide level are solved.
3. Considerable training is required to carry
out formal research.
4. Professionally developed instruments are
used.
5. Professional researchers are involved in it.

6. TYPES OF ACTION RESEARCH
4 TYPES OF ACTION RESEARCH:
1. INDIVIDUAL ACTION RESEARCH
2. COLLABORATIVE ACTION RESEARCH
3. SCHOOL WIDE RESEARCH
4. DISTRICT WIDE RESEARCH

7. TYPES CONTINUED……
INDIVIDUAL ACTION RESEARCH:
A teacher finds solution to the problem of a single classroom.
COLLABORATIVE ACTION RESEARCH:
two or more teachers solve problems of a single classroom.
SCHOOL WIDE RESEARCH:
all teachers try to solve the problems common to a school.
DISTRICT WIDE RESEARCH:
teachers from all schools of a district solve problems common
to all schools of that district. It is of wide level.

8. STEPS IN ACTION RESEARCH
5 steps in action research
1. Identify a problem.
2. Collection & organization of data.
3. Interpretation of data.
4. Action based on data.
5. Reflections / conclusions.

9. STEPS CONTINUED……
 IDENTIFY A PROBLEM:
it must be concise, meaningful and stated in clear language.
 COLLECTION OF DATA:
data regarding identified problem must be gathered using relevant
methods / techniques.
 INTERPRETATION OF DATA:
the gathered data is then interpreted and analyzed.
 ACTION BASED:
the data is then applied to solve the problem.
 REFLECTIONS / CONCLUSIONS:
conclusions or summary is then drawn from the results

10. BENEFITS OF ACTION RESEARCH
Improves collegial communications.
Promotes collegial interactions.
Focuses on school issues.
Potential to impact school change.
Form of teacher professional
development.
Reflect on own practices.

11. THANKS