The document discusses Latin verb conjugation and principal parts. It explains that verbs have three principal parts: the first person singular present tense form, the infinitive, and the first person singular perfect tense form. The infinitive ending indicates the conjugation and provides the present stem. To form other verb forms, personal endings are added to the present stem. Subject-verb agreement must match in number, so singular subjects take singular verb forms and plural subjects take plural verb forms.

1. VerbsChapter 2

2. Principal PartsThe vocabulary list will present you with three principal parts for each verb.amo, amare, amavi1st person, singular,Present tense1st person, singular, perfect tenseInfinitive(second principal part)

3. Translation of the InfinitiveIn regular Latin verbs, the infinitive will end in an –re. Whenever you see an infinitive, translate it with the English word “to.”Examples: amare= to lovemonere= to carry

4. The InfinitiveThe infinitive of a verb helps you in two very important ways.It tells you what conjugation a verb is in.It gives you the present stem of a verb.

5. ConjugationIn order to tell what conjugation a verb is in, look at the vowel before the –re in the infinitive. a= first conjugation long e, (ē)= second conjugation short e (e)= third conjugationi= fourth conjugation

6. The Present StemThe second piece of information that the infinitive gives you is the present stem.In order to find the present stem of a verb, go to the infinitive and take off the –re.

7. Forming the present tenseIn order to form the present tense, add personal endings to the present stemThe personal ending –t, is the ending for third person, singular. It is translated as he, she, or it.Examples:amat= he, she, or it lovesmonet= he, she, or it warns

8. Forming the Present Tense (con’t)The personal ending –nt, is the ending for third person, plural. It is translated as they.Examples:amant= they lovemonent= they warn

9. The verb “to be.”Even the irregular verb “to be” follows this same pattern for third person endings.Est= he, she, it, isSunt= they are

10. Subject/Verb AgreementAlways remember that the subject and the verb in a sentence MUST agree in number.In other words, if your subject is singular, the verb MUST also have a singular ending. If the subject is plural, the verb MUST also be plural.

11. Subject/Verb Agreement (con’t)Patercanemamat. Father loves the dog.“Father” (Pater) is a singular subject, so “loves” (amat) also has a singular ending.Pater et mater canemamant. The father and mother love the dog.Because “father and mother” are a plural subject, amant also has a plural ending.