The pluperfect tense in Latin is formed by taking the perfect stem of the verb, adding "era" to the stem, and then adding the personal endings. The perfect stem is formed by taking the third principal part of the verb and removing the "-i". The pluperfect is always translated to English using "had". It is formed regularly even for the irregular verbs "sum" and "possum".

2. Example: amo, amare, amavi, amatus perfect stem=amav-

3. Add the letters “era” to the perfect stem.

4. Example: amavera-

5. Add the personal endings. (Use the same ones you used for the imperfect.)

6. -m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -ntTranslation of the Pluperfect<br />Always translate the pluperfect with the word, “had.”<br />Example: amo, amare, amavi, amatus<br /> amaveram= I had loved<br />moneo, monere, monui, monitus<br />monuerat= he had warned<br />capio, capere, cepi, captus<br />ceperamus= we had captured<br />Pluperfect of sum and possum<br />Although sum and possum are irregular verbs, the pluperfect is still formed just as any other regular verb would be.<br />Sum, esse, fui<br />singularplural1st personfueram- I had beenfueramus- we had been2nd personfueras- you had beenfueratis- you had been3rd personfuerat- he had beenfuerant- they had been<br />Possum, posse, potui<br />singularplural1st personpotueram- I had been ablepotueramus- we had been able2nd personpotueras- you had been ablepotueratis- you had been able3rd personpotuerat- he had been ablepotuerant- they had been able<br />