This document discusses the use of pronouns in Latin and English. It notes that pronouns replace nouns and must agree with their antecedents in gender and number. The case of a Latin pronoun is determined by its use in the sentence. Charts are provided for 1st and 2nd person Latin pronouns showing their forms in the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative cases. Examples are given to illustrate how the Latin pronouns translate the cases in a similar way to English, with the nominative as subject, genitive for possession, dative for indirect object, and accusative for direct object.

1. 1st and 2nd Person Pronouns Chapter 12

2. Use of Pronouns Pronouns are used in both Latin and English to replace nouns: The man watches the television show. = He watches it. Will plays Mario Brothers. = He plays it. Grandma and Grandpa watched Anna’s recital. They watched her recital. = They watched her recital.

3. Pronouns in Latin The case of a pronoun is determined by its use in the sentence. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in gender and number. The antecedent is the word that the pronoun replaces. Example: The boy rides his bike to school. He rides his bike to school. Boy is the antecedent of “He.”

4. Pronoun Charts In Latin, there are different charts for each type of pronoun. Take the time to memorize these charts. You will be glad you did. They are very difficult to look up.

5. Ist Person Pronouns Study the following chart:

6. 2nd Person Pronouns Study the following chart:

7. Use of 1st & 2nd Person Pronouns Notice that the translations of the cases are very familiar: Nominative case is still used as subject. The use of the pronoun emphasizes the subject, although you could tell the subject by looking at the ending of the verb. Genitive case still uses “of” (possession). Dative case still uses “to” or “for” (indirect object), Accusative is still used for direct objects. Ablative case is still used with prepositions.

8. Examples You all eat with me. Vosmecum cenatis. Vosis nominative, plural---subject. Although you can tell the subject by looking at the ending of the verb, the vos adds emphasis. Mecum is cum + abl. Notice that when cum is used with prepositions, the cum is tacked onto the end of the preposition. I gave the book to you. Egolibrumtibidonavit. Ego is nominative, singular---subject. Tibi is dative, singiular---indirect object.