This document provides an overview of dental veneers, including:
- A definition of veneers and their history dating back to the 1930s when they were first introduced.
- Classification of veneers based on materials, fabrication techniques, coverage, and other factors.
- Indications and contraindications for veneers.
- Advantages like natural appearance and disadvantages like lower repairability.
- An overview of ceramic materials used for veneers, classifications of ceramics, and advances in materials like lithium disilicate and zirconia based ceramics.
Articulators in complete dentures by dr. anil goud asiandentalacademyAnil Goud
this ppt give you clear idea of what are different types of articulators are available and they are used. asian dental academy is one of the finest advanced dental education center in india where on patient training will be provided
This document discusses resin bonded fixed dental prostheses (FPDs). It begins by defining resin bonded FPDs as bridges that are bonded to etched enamel using resin cement, providing mechanical retention without preparation of dentin or pulp. It then covers the indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages, classifications including mechanical, micromechanical, macromechanical and chemical types, fabrication process including tooth preparation and bonding, and concludes that resin bonded FPDs can be viable options when carefully indicated and fabricated, requiring the same attention to detail as conventional FPDs.
This document discusses resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It introduces resin-bonded FPDs as a way to minimize destruction of sound tooth structure compared to conventional FPDs. Resin-bonded FPDs have a metal framework that is bonded to abutment teeth with resin cement after minimal tooth preparation. Several types of resin-bonded FPD designs are described, including Rochette, Maryland, cast mesh, and Virginia bridges. The techniques, advantages, disadvantages, indications, and contraindications of resin-bonded FPDs are outlined. Tooth preparation for resin-bonded FPDs involves minimal axial reduction and guide planes on proximal surfaces.
This presentation provide brief information about different types of cements in Dentistry. also you will find information about cementation tips and techniques. Recent resin cements are also included in this presentation
diagnosis and treatment planning in fpd.pptxmanjulikatyagi
The document provides information on diagnosis and treatment planning for fixed partial dentures. It discusses gathering diagnostic information such as health history, intraoral examination, and radiographs to formulate a treatment plan. Various medical conditions that may impact treatment are described, including considerations for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases. Guidelines are provided for managing these patients during prosthodontic treatment.
This document describes a case report of cracked tooth syndrome (CTS) in an unrestored maxillary premolar. A 22-year-old female patient reported discomfort when chewing soft foods with her maxillary left premolar. Clinical examinations and diagnostic tests revealed a crack on the occlusal surface. Banding the tooth eliminated the symptoms, confirming a diagnosis of CTS. After removing the crack, the tooth was restored with a direct composite to successfully treat the patient's CTS.
Biomechanical problems associated with free end saddle denturesDr sirisha sambhangi
This document provides terminology and concepts related to biomechanics and distal extension partial dentures. It discusses lever systems and the three classes of levers. Removable partial dentures can experience rotational movement around three axes. Distal extension partial dentures function as class I levers when occlusal forces are applied. The fulcrum is located at the terminal abutment clasp. Soft tissue support provides less resistance to movement than tooth support. Biomechanical problems with distal extension partial dentures include increased potential for movement due to less efficient soft tissue support compared to tooth support.
Gingival finish lines /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Articulators in complete dentures by dr. anil goud asiandentalacademyAnil Goud
this ppt give you clear idea of what are different types of articulators are available and they are used. asian dental academy is one of the finest advanced dental education center in india where on patient training will be provided
This document discusses resin bonded fixed dental prostheses (FPDs). It begins by defining resin bonded FPDs as bridges that are bonded to etched enamel using resin cement, providing mechanical retention without preparation of dentin or pulp. It then covers the indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages, classifications including mechanical, micromechanical, macromechanical and chemical types, fabrication process including tooth preparation and bonding, and concludes that resin bonded FPDs can be viable options when carefully indicated and fabricated, requiring the same attention to detail as conventional FPDs.
This document discusses resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It introduces resin-bonded FPDs as a way to minimize destruction of sound tooth structure compared to conventional FPDs. Resin-bonded FPDs have a metal framework that is bonded to abutment teeth with resin cement after minimal tooth preparation. Several types of resin-bonded FPD designs are described, including Rochette, Maryland, cast mesh, and Virginia bridges. The techniques, advantages, disadvantages, indications, and contraindications of resin-bonded FPDs are outlined. Tooth preparation for resin-bonded FPDs involves minimal axial reduction and guide planes on proximal surfaces.
This presentation provide brief information about different types of cements in Dentistry. also you will find information about cementation tips and techniques. Recent resin cements are also included in this presentation
diagnosis and treatment planning in fpd.pptxmanjulikatyagi
The document provides information on diagnosis and treatment planning for fixed partial dentures. It discusses gathering diagnostic information such as health history, intraoral examination, and radiographs to formulate a treatment plan. Various medical conditions that may impact treatment are described, including considerations for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases. Guidelines are provided for managing these patients during prosthodontic treatment.
This document describes a case report of cracked tooth syndrome (CTS) in an unrestored maxillary premolar. A 22-year-old female patient reported discomfort when chewing soft foods with her maxillary left premolar. Clinical examinations and diagnostic tests revealed a crack on the occlusal surface. Banding the tooth eliminated the symptoms, confirming a diagnosis of CTS. After removing the crack, the tooth was restored with a direct composite to successfully treat the patient's CTS.
Biomechanical problems associated with free end saddle denturesDr sirisha sambhangi
This document provides terminology and concepts related to biomechanics and distal extension partial dentures. It discusses lever systems and the three classes of levers. Removable partial dentures can experience rotational movement around three axes. Distal extension partial dentures function as class I levers when occlusal forces are applied. The fulcrum is located at the terminal abutment clasp. Soft tissue support provides less resistance to movement than tooth support. Biomechanical problems with distal extension partial dentures include increased potential for movement due to less efficient soft tissue support compared to tooth support.
Gingival finish lines /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dental cements have evolved significantly since the first cements were introduced in the late 1800s. Zinc phosphate cement, introduced in the late 1800s, was one of the earliest dental cements and remains the gold standard against which newer cements are compared. In the 1960s, polycarboxylate cement was introduced and was the first cement system to provide an adhesive bond to tooth structure. Glass ionomer cement, introduced in the 1970s, also chemically bonds to tooth structure and was a significant development as it was the first cement with anticariogenic properties.
CEMENTATION PROCEDURES IN FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES/ dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Journal club presentation on muscle stabilisation splintsNAMITHA ANAND
This document summarizes a study that used intraoral sensors to objectively monitor patient compliance with stabilization splint therapy for myofascial pain. Some key findings:
- 32 patients were randomly assigned maxillary or mandibular splints equipped with sensors recording wear time.
- Overall compliance was 44.4% for maxillary and 44.2% for mandibular splints, with no significant difference between the groups.
- Patients with greater pain wore their splints significantly more. Wear time decreased over the 3 observation periods as pain reduced with treatment success.
- The study demonstrated intraoral sensors are an effective way to objectively monitor splint wear compared to subjective reports.
Bonding agents and its application in prosthodontics / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses residual ridge resorption (RRR), which is the ongoing loss of jawbone that occurs after tooth extraction. It begins with definitions and an overview of the extraction healing process. It then covers the basic bone structure, cells involved in bone remodeling, and the mechanisms of bone resorption. The pathology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of RRR are explained. Changes to the maxilla and mandible due to RRR are described. The document lists anatomical, metabolic, functional, and prosthetic factors that contribute to RRR and discusses its epidemiology and etiology.
This document presents classification systems for complete edentulism, partial edentulism, and completely dentate patients. For complete edentulism, it describes 4 classes based on factors like residual bone height, ridge morphology, muscle attachments, and occlusal relationships. Partial edentulism classes are determined by location/extent of edentulous areas, abutment conditions, occlusion, and residual ridges. Completely dentate classes consider tooth condition and occlusal scheme, with higher classes requiring more extensive pre-prosthetic therapy.
Occlusion concepts in fixed partial dentures / dental implant courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental implants and the components and procedures involved in dental implant surgery. It begins by defining what a dental implant is and its uses. It then classifies implants based on placement location and material. The document discusses the different types of endosteal implants and their components like the implant body, crest module, and apex. It also covers the surgical setup, including draping, trays, instruments, handpieces, drills, guides. Impression techniques involving closed and open tray methods are briefly explained. In summary, the document provides an overview of dental implants, their classification, associated surgical components and procedures.
horizontal jaw relation in complete denturedipalmawani91
This document provides an overview of centric relation and how its definition has changed over time. It discusses the significance of centric relation as a reference position and reviews various theories about how it is achieved musculoskeletally. The document also examines the relationship between centric relation and centric occlusion, and describes different methods for recording centric relation, including static, functional, graphic, and physiological techniques. Factors that can influence the accuracy of centric relation records are also reviewed.
Hi this is a very good powerpoint presentation on a limited topic on net that is DEPROGRAMMING SPLINT just have a look to it and any suggestions most heartly welcome
The document discusses the stability of dental implants, which can be primary or secondary. Primary stability occurs initially through mechanical engagement with cortical bone, while secondary stability develops over time through bone remodeling and regeneration at the bone-implant interface. Various destructive and non-destructive methods are used to measure implant stability, with resonance frequency analysis (RFA) being a commonly used non-invasive method that analyzes stability by vibrating implants at different frequencies.
1. Etchant acid, also known as phosphoric acid, is used to condition tooth enamel prior to placing restorative materials like resins, sealants, and adhesive cements. It demineralizes the enamel, creating micro pores to achieve a strong bond between the material and tooth.
2. The acid is applied for 15-60 seconds and then rinsed thoroughly before the restorative material is placed. This micro-etching of the enamel improves retention of the restoration.
3. For ceramics, hydrofluoric acid is used which also etches the material by creating channels, allowing chemical bonding between the ceramic, silane, and resin for strong adhesion.
Concepts of Complete denture occlusion Amal Kaddah
This document discusses concepts of complete denture occlusion. It provides an overview of the history of denture occlusion philosophies from early carvings of teeth from stone and wood to modern concepts developed in the early 20th century. Key concepts discussed include balanced occlusion, factors affecting balanced occlusion like condylar guidance and incisal guidance, and various occlusion philosophies proposed over time including those by Gysi, Hanau, Pleasure, and Boucher. The document does not conclude on a superior occlusal scheme but notes a balanced articulation appears most appropriate.
complete denture after a stroke ( Prosthodontics)DHANANJAYSHETH1
This document summarizes a journal club presentation about using orofacial myofunctional therapy and a modified denture to improve oral function for an edentulous patient after a stroke. Key points:
- A 70-year-old man had difficulty with tongue movement, mastication after a stroke 2 years prior
- A denture was fabricated with a wire and pearl in the palate to guide the mandible and encourage tongue exercises
- After 3 months of exercises and wearing the denture, the patient's tongue movement, mastication, and swallowing improved and the effects were maintained.
Provisional restorations in crowns and bridgesDR PAAVANA
Provisional restorations are temporary restorations used during dental treatment before final restorations are placed. They provide protection, stabilization, and function during treatment. Provisional restorations can be prefabricated or custom-made and are made from materials like polycarbonate, acrylic resin, or bis-acryl composites. They are fabricated using direct or indirect techniques and help evaluate treatment plans before permanent restorations are made.
A provisional restoration is a temporary prosthesis used to enhance esthetics, stabilization, and function for a limited time period until being replaced by a definitive prosthesis, and must meet biologic, mechanical, and esthetic requirements to protect pulp, maintain periodontal health, provide functional occlusion, and resemble natural teeth. Provisional restorations can be preformed custom crown shells or customized resin restorations made using direct, indirect, or combination techniques with various acrylic resin materials that must be biocompatible, dimensionally stable, easy to contour and repair, and compatible with luting agents.
The document discusses various impression techniques for removable partial dentures. It describes how a dual impression technique is often needed to record both the anatomic form of ridges and teeth as well as the functional form of supporting tissues. The document outlines several physiologic impression techniques, including McLean's technique and Hindel's technique, that aim to relate a functional impression of ridges to the remaining dentition. It also discusses the functional reline method and advantages and disadvantages of different techniques.
Maxillary major connectors are an important component of removable partial dentures that join the denture bases on each side of the dental arch. There are several types of maxillary major connectors including single palatal straps, combination anterior and posterior palatal straps, palatal plates, U-shaped connectors, single palatal bars, and anterior-posterior palatal bars. The ideal major connector is rigid, protects soft tissues, provides indirect retention, promotes patient comfort, and is self-cleansing. Proper design of the major connector involves outlining the denture base areas, non-bearing tissues, and connector areas on the diagnostic cast.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dental cements have evolved significantly since the first cements were introduced in the late 1800s. Zinc phosphate cement, introduced in the late 1800s, was one of the earliest dental cements and remains the gold standard against which newer cements are compared. In the 1960s, polycarboxylate cement was introduced and was the first cement system to provide an adhesive bond to tooth structure. Glass ionomer cement, introduced in the 1970s, also chemically bonds to tooth structure and was a significant development as it was the first cement with anticariogenic properties.
CEMENTATION PROCEDURES IN FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES/ dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Journal club presentation on muscle stabilisation splintsNAMITHA ANAND
This document summarizes a study that used intraoral sensors to objectively monitor patient compliance with stabilization splint therapy for myofascial pain. Some key findings:
- 32 patients were randomly assigned maxillary or mandibular splints equipped with sensors recording wear time.
- Overall compliance was 44.4% for maxillary and 44.2% for mandibular splints, with no significant difference between the groups.
- Patients with greater pain wore their splints significantly more. Wear time decreased over the 3 observation periods as pain reduced with treatment success.
- The study demonstrated intraoral sensors are an effective way to objectively monitor splint wear compared to subjective reports.
Bonding agents and its application in prosthodontics / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses residual ridge resorption (RRR), which is the ongoing loss of jawbone that occurs after tooth extraction. It begins with definitions and an overview of the extraction healing process. It then covers the basic bone structure, cells involved in bone remodeling, and the mechanisms of bone resorption. The pathology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of RRR are explained. Changes to the maxilla and mandible due to RRR are described. The document lists anatomical, metabolic, functional, and prosthetic factors that contribute to RRR and discusses its epidemiology and etiology.
This document presents classification systems for complete edentulism, partial edentulism, and completely dentate patients. For complete edentulism, it describes 4 classes based on factors like residual bone height, ridge morphology, muscle attachments, and occlusal relationships. Partial edentulism classes are determined by location/extent of edentulous areas, abutment conditions, occlusion, and residual ridges. Completely dentate classes consider tooth condition and occlusal scheme, with higher classes requiring more extensive pre-prosthetic therapy.
Occlusion concepts in fixed partial dentures / dental implant courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental implants and the components and procedures involved in dental implant surgery. It begins by defining what a dental implant is and its uses. It then classifies implants based on placement location and material. The document discusses the different types of endosteal implants and their components like the implant body, crest module, and apex. It also covers the surgical setup, including draping, trays, instruments, handpieces, drills, guides. Impression techniques involving closed and open tray methods are briefly explained. In summary, the document provides an overview of dental implants, their classification, associated surgical components and procedures.
horizontal jaw relation in complete denturedipalmawani91
This document provides an overview of centric relation and how its definition has changed over time. It discusses the significance of centric relation as a reference position and reviews various theories about how it is achieved musculoskeletally. The document also examines the relationship between centric relation and centric occlusion, and describes different methods for recording centric relation, including static, functional, graphic, and physiological techniques. Factors that can influence the accuracy of centric relation records are also reviewed.
Hi this is a very good powerpoint presentation on a limited topic on net that is DEPROGRAMMING SPLINT just have a look to it and any suggestions most heartly welcome
The document discusses the stability of dental implants, which can be primary or secondary. Primary stability occurs initially through mechanical engagement with cortical bone, while secondary stability develops over time through bone remodeling and regeneration at the bone-implant interface. Various destructive and non-destructive methods are used to measure implant stability, with resonance frequency analysis (RFA) being a commonly used non-invasive method that analyzes stability by vibrating implants at different frequencies.
1. Etchant acid, also known as phosphoric acid, is used to condition tooth enamel prior to placing restorative materials like resins, sealants, and adhesive cements. It demineralizes the enamel, creating micro pores to achieve a strong bond between the material and tooth.
2. The acid is applied for 15-60 seconds and then rinsed thoroughly before the restorative material is placed. This micro-etching of the enamel improves retention of the restoration.
3. For ceramics, hydrofluoric acid is used which also etches the material by creating channels, allowing chemical bonding between the ceramic, silane, and resin for strong adhesion.
Concepts of Complete denture occlusion Amal Kaddah
This document discusses concepts of complete denture occlusion. It provides an overview of the history of denture occlusion philosophies from early carvings of teeth from stone and wood to modern concepts developed in the early 20th century. Key concepts discussed include balanced occlusion, factors affecting balanced occlusion like condylar guidance and incisal guidance, and various occlusion philosophies proposed over time including those by Gysi, Hanau, Pleasure, and Boucher. The document does not conclude on a superior occlusal scheme but notes a balanced articulation appears most appropriate.
complete denture after a stroke ( Prosthodontics)DHANANJAYSHETH1
This document summarizes a journal club presentation about using orofacial myofunctional therapy and a modified denture to improve oral function for an edentulous patient after a stroke. Key points:
- A 70-year-old man had difficulty with tongue movement, mastication after a stroke 2 years prior
- A denture was fabricated with a wire and pearl in the palate to guide the mandible and encourage tongue exercises
- After 3 months of exercises and wearing the denture, the patient's tongue movement, mastication, and swallowing improved and the effects were maintained.
Provisional restorations in crowns and bridgesDR PAAVANA
Provisional restorations are temporary restorations used during dental treatment before final restorations are placed. They provide protection, stabilization, and function during treatment. Provisional restorations can be prefabricated or custom-made and are made from materials like polycarbonate, acrylic resin, or bis-acryl composites. They are fabricated using direct or indirect techniques and help evaluate treatment plans before permanent restorations are made.
A provisional restoration is a temporary prosthesis used to enhance esthetics, stabilization, and function for a limited time period until being replaced by a definitive prosthesis, and must meet biologic, mechanical, and esthetic requirements to protect pulp, maintain periodontal health, provide functional occlusion, and resemble natural teeth. Provisional restorations can be preformed custom crown shells or customized resin restorations made using direct, indirect, or combination techniques with various acrylic resin materials that must be biocompatible, dimensionally stable, easy to contour and repair, and compatible with luting agents.
The document discusses various impression techniques for removable partial dentures. It describes how a dual impression technique is often needed to record both the anatomic form of ridges and teeth as well as the functional form of supporting tissues. The document outlines several physiologic impression techniques, including McLean's technique and Hindel's technique, that aim to relate a functional impression of ridges to the remaining dentition. It also discusses the functional reline method and advantages and disadvantages of different techniques.
Maxillary major connectors are an important component of removable partial dentures that join the denture bases on each side of the dental arch. There are several types of maxillary major connectors including single palatal straps, combination anterior and posterior palatal straps, palatal plates, U-shaped connectors, single palatal bars, and anterior-posterior palatal bars. The ideal major connector is rigid, protects soft tissues, provides indirect retention, promotes patient comfort, and is self-cleansing. Proper design of the major connector involves outlining the denture base areas, non-bearing tissues, and connector areas on the diagnostic cast.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses minimum thickness porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs). It provides a history of PLVs, beginning with the early "Hollywood Veneers" made of acrylic in the 1920s. In the 1980s, PLVs made of porcelain bonded to etched enamel became popular due to their esthetic and noninvasive nature. The document explores advances in materials, including pressed ceramics introduced in the 1990s. It recommends a minimal 0.5mm preparation and 0.5mm thick porcelain to be the most conservative and esthetic approach. Key factors in case selection and success of PLVs are also discussed.
This document discusses paediatric aesthetic dentistry. It covers various aesthetic restorations that can be used for primary teeth including direct restorations using materials like composite resin, and full coronal restorations like strip crowns. It also discusses biological restorations using tooth fragments or natural tooth pontics. Prosthetic options for rehabilitating missing primary teeth are presented, like modified Hawley's appliances or modified Nance palatal arches. The document provides details on various aesthetic restorative materials and crowns that can be used for primary teeth.
This document discusses porcelain laminate veneers. It begins by introducing the authors and background on porcelain laminates. It then discusses indications for porcelain laminate veneers, including discolored teeth, fractured teeth, and diastema closure. Contraindications include insufficient enamel and severe crowding. Advantages include conservation of tooth structure and excellent esthetics. Disadvantages include being technique sensitive and inability to repair once cemented. The document concludes with a discussion of tooth preparation and cementation techniques for porcelain laminate veneers.
Acid etches bridges and its scope/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Resin based obturation / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
PARTIAL BONDED RESTORATIONS AND IT’S ADHESION.pptxPranitaGandhi2
Indirect restorations in dentistry. seminar using combination of some of the most comprehensive articles giving an insight on preparation and bonding of partially bonded restorations
This document provides an overview of dentin bonding agents. It discusses the history and development of bonding agents from the 1950s to present. Key topics covered include the bonding mechanism, ideal requirements, microstructure of dentin, smear layer, etching of enamel and dentin, hybridization, reverse hybrid layer, wet vs dry bonding, and classifications of dentin bonding agents. The document aims to describe the important concepts and advances in dentin bonding for adhesive dentistry.
The document discusses different types of denture bases used in dentistry. Temporary denture bases include materials like autopolymerizing resins, shellac, thermoplastics, and wax. These provide rigidity, stability, and allow for setting teeth and recording jaw relationships. Permanent denture bases primarily use acrylic resin due to its strength, stability, and compatibility. The document outlines the history of denture materials from early natural materials to modern resins, and evaluates different temporary base materials and their advantages for uses like diagnostic trials.
This document discusses the history and evolution of dental adhesives from the first generation developed in the 1950s to the latest universal adhesive systems. It covers the various classifications of adhesives based on generation and mechanism of adhesion. The key mechanisms of adhesion to enamel and dentin are described, including the etch and rinse approach and self-etch adhesives. Factors affecting the bonding process and bond strength are also summarized.
The document discusses all-ceramic dental restorations which are made entirely of porcelain without metal support. Key points include:
- All-ceramics offer esthetic, metal-free restorations that are biocompatible and able to match natural tooth shades.
- Their main limitation is brittleness, so careful preparation design, fabrication techniques, and luting methods are required.
- Modern ceramic materials and CAD/CAM systems have addressed these challenges and all-ceramic restorations are increasingly popular for their esthetics.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The presentation deals with dental ceramics from a material aspect and discusses various types of metal - ceramic and all - ceramic systems available in dentistry with their advantages and drawbacks. It is well supported with illustrations..
1. Pit and fissure sealants are materials placed in the pits and fissures of teeth to prevent decay by creating a physical barrier over the areas where bacteria can become trapped.
2. They are most effective when applied to the permanent first molars of children around ages 6-7 and the permanent second molars around ages 12-14, as over 90% of childhood caries occurs in the pits and fissures.
3. The standard application procedure involves isolating the tooth, cleaning it, etching the enamel with phosphoric acid for 20 seconds, rinsing and drying it, applying the sealant, and curing it with a light or chemical cure to harden it in place
Restorative Materials in pediatric dentistry.pptxnajmaalamami
This document discusses restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry. It begins by outlining the ideal properties of restorative materials, including biocompatibility, bonding to tooth structure, matching tooth appearance, and exhibiting properties similar to enamel and dentin. It then describes various materials in more detail, including their advantages and disadvantages. These materials include amalgam, composite resins, glass ionomer cement, and compomers. The document also discusses principles of isolation, matrix application, resin infiltration, and cavity preparation for amalgam and composite.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to Veneer Materials.pptx conservative dentistry (20)
The document discusses the anatomy, histology, functions, and clinical considerations of the salivary glands. It describes the major and minor salivary glands, their secretory units, ductal systems, nerve supply, and blood supply. The properties and composition of saliva are discussed. Hyposalivation is defined and its clinical signs, symptoms, and management strategies are summarized.
The document provides an overview of glass ionomer cement (GIC), including its history, composition, properties, applications, and advances. It discusses how GIC sets via an acid-base reaction between glass powder and polyacrylic acid liquid. Key points include that GIC bonds chemically to tooth structure, has coefficient of thermal expansion similar to tooth, and provides long-term fluoride release for remineralization. The document also reviews classifications of GIC, advantages like adhesion and fluoride release, and limitations like moisture sensitivity. Finally, it discusses newer GIC formulations like resin-modified, metal-reinforced, and polyacid-modified GICs that aim to improve properties.
This document discusses minimal invasive endodontics, which aims to preserve natural tooth structure during root canal procedures. It describes various techniques for minimal access cavities that reduce tooth structure removal, such as conservative cavities near the central fossa. Shaping techniques like self-adjusting files and modern burs are also outlined, which better conform to canal anatomy. Disinfection methods like ultrasonics and new photonic devices enhance irrigation along root canals. The goal of minimal invasive endodontics is to destroy microbes while maximizing the tooth's long-term survival through less tissue removal.
The document summarizes a study comparing the incidence of dental defects caused by two different endodontic rotary file systems: Waldent Walflex files and Trunatomy (TRN) files. Sixty teeth were divided into three groups and prepared with the different file systems. The teeth were then examined under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. The results showed defects were more common in the Waldent Walflex files group compared to the TRN files group. Defects were also found to be higher in the apical region of the teeth compared to the median and coronal sections, likely due to the thin, fragile dentin being unable to handle mechanical stress in the apical area. While both file
This document discusses various types of traumatic injuries to teeth. It begins by introducing the topic and defining some key terms. It then provides a detailed classification system for dental injuries developed by the International Association of Dental Traumatology, which categorizes injuries based on their effects on hard dental tissues, periodontal tissues, supporting bone, and soft tissues. The document also discusses several other classification systems. It provides descriptions, clinical findings, radiographic findings, and treatment approaches for different injury types including enamel fractures, uncomplicated crown fractures, crown-root fractures, and luxation injuries.
This document discusses the history and applications of ultrasonic and sonic devices in endodontics. It describes how ultrasonic devices work using piezoelectricity or magnetostriction to produce vibrations. The biophysical effects of ultrasound like cavitation, acoustic streaming, and heat generation are explained. Current commercially available ultrasonic tips for endodontic use are presented, including their designs and intended applications. The document concludes that ultrasonics have enhanced endodontic treatment by improving disinfection and instrumentation of root canals.
This document discusses guidelines for restoring proper contacts and contours in dental restorations. It begins by explaining why contacts and contours are important for function, preventing decay, and maintaining periodontal health. It then provides guidelines for reproducing normal contacts and contours based on tooth shape, including the location and size of contact areas. Potential hazards of faulty reproduction of contacts and contours are described. Specifically, improper contact size, location, or marginal ridge reproduction can lead to food impaction, periodontal issues, and increased risk of decay. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of restoring natural anatomical relationships between teeth to support oral health.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
5. ▹ Significant improvements in tooth-colored restorative
materials and adhesive techniques have resulted in numerous
conservative esthetic treatment possibilities.
▹ Although restorative dentistry is a blend of art and science,
conservative esthetic dentistry truly emphasizes the artistic
component.
5
6. ▹ Aesthetically pleasing restorations of young fractured,
malformed or discoloured teeth has been a confusing
problem for dentists.
▹ In past few years a conservative approach to improve the
aesthetic appearance has led widespread use of the veneering
system.
6
8. ▹ A veneer is a layer of tooth-colored material that is applied
to a tooth to restore localized or generalized defects and
intrinsic discolorations.
▹ A laminate a thin layer of restorative material replacing the
enamel.
8
Sturdevant
9. ▹ VENEER “Thin sheet of material
usually used as finish”
▹ Also defined as “a protective or
ornamental facing or a superficial or
attractive display in multiple layers
frequently termed as Laminate
Veneers”
9
GPT 8
Rosensteil
10. 10
Laminates and Veneers.
The Difference??..
“A laminate is done to maintain the color, where as a veneer is made to
change the color.”
Sandesh M Mayekar , Shades of a colour – illusion or reality?. DCNA. January 2001, 45 (1) 155 -173.
12. ▹ Porcelain veneers were introduced by Dr Charles Pincus in Hollywood
in 1930s, to enhance an actor’s appearance for close-ups in movie
industry.
▹ Dr Pincus attached these thin veneers temporarily with a denture
adhesive powder.
12
13. 13
▹ Buonocore’s discovery of acid etching enamel (1955).
▹ The first major improvement in esthetic materials, especially
in the translucency of all porcelain crowns, was introduced
by Vines et al. in 1958.
14. ▹ In 1960, Bowen’s introduction of BISGMA resin made possible the use of
composite resin as direct veneers. They exhibited poor color stability and
wear resistance.
▹ Weinstein et al. first discovered the bonding of porcelain-to- gold alloys by
means of vacuum firing in the early 1960s.
▹ . 14
15. ▹ The first commercial porcelain was marketed in 1966.
▹ In 1968, MacCulloch, who first described the methods used for making
artificial teeth, veneers and crowns in glass ceramic, utilized this
approach.
▹ 1970: Faunce described a one-piece acrylic resin veneer as an improved
alternative to direct composite resin.
15
16. ▹ 1975: Rochette introduced the use of silane coupling agent with porcelain
laminate veneers - repairing fractured incisors
▹ In 1983, Simonsen and Calamia demonstrated that etching porcelain
veneer allowed it to be retained better than composite resins or acrylic
resin.
16
17. ▹ In 1993 , Anderson and Oden described a technique for manufacturing
individual all-ceramic crowns made up of densely sintered high-purity
alumina.
▹ 2000-Dumfahrt Herbert and Herbert Schaffer did a retrospective evaluation
after one to ten years of service of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs).
17
18. They concluded that:
18
The survival probability of PLVs was 97% at 5 years and 91%
at 10years.
The failure rate increased when the finish line was within an
existing filling or when the veneer was partially bonded to
dentin.
Occlusion played a major role in most failures.
20. 20
I. Based on use of material:
1. Composite veneer
2. Porcelain veneer
II. Based on the fabrication technique:
I. Directly fabricated veneers:
Direct composite veneers
II. Indirectly fabricated veneer
a) Composite.
b) Porcelain
22. 22
II. Based on coverage of tooth.
Partial veneers: Are indicated for restoration of localized defects or
areas of intrinsic discoloration
Ceinos R, Pouyssegur V, Allard Y, Bertrand MF. Esthetic rehabilitation of the smile with partial laminate veneers in
an older adult. Clinical case reports. 2018 Aug;6(8):1407.
23. 23
Full veneers: Are indicated for restoration of generalized defect
or areas of intrinsic staining involving most of the facial
surface of the tooth
24. 24
III. According to Sturdevant.
Partial veneer Full veneer with window
preparation
Full veneer with incisal
lapping preparation:
26. Magne P, Belser UC. Bonded Porcelain Restorations in the Anterior Dentition-a Biomimetic Approach. Chicago:
Quintessence Publishing Co; 2002.
26
Type I: Teeth resistant to bleaching
o Type IA: Tetracycline discoloration
o Type IB: Teeth that are unresponsive to bleaching
27. Magne P, Belser UC. Bonded Porcelain Restorations in the Anterior Dentition-a Biomimetic Approach. Chicago:
Quintessence Publishing Co; 2002.
27
Type II: Major morphologic modications
o Type IIA: Conoid teeth
o Type IIB: Diastema or interdental
triangles to be closed
o Type IIC: Augmentation of incisal
length or facial prominence
.
28. Magne P, Belser UC. Bonded Porcelain Restorations in the Anterior Dentition-a Biomimetic Approach. Chicago:
Quintessence Publishing Co; 2002.
28
Type III: Extensive restorations
1) Type IIIA: Extensive loss of enamel by erosion and wear
2) Type IIIB: Generalized congenital malformations
30. 30
1. Patients with parafunctional habits
2. Insufficient enamel thickness
3. Severe crowding
4. Poor oral hygiene
5. High caries rate
6. Class III or end to end bite
7. Deciduous teeth which are excessively fluoridated may not etch
effectively
Goldstein RE. Esthetics in dentistry. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1976
32. 32
1. Natural and stable color
2. High tensile bond strength ie of the silane treated etched porcelain veneer
is about 2600- 3200 psi
3. Inherent strength that allows reshaping
4. Good biocompatibility with the gingiva
5. Long lasting
6. Resistance to wear and abrasion
C . G . T O H E T A L . I N D I R E C T D E N T A L L A M I N A T E V E N E E R S A N
O V E R V I E W . J . D E N T . 1 9 8 7 ; 1 5 : 1 1 7 - L 2 4
33. 33
7. Resistance to stain
8. More resistant to deleterious effects of solvents such as alcohol and
medications than composite veneers
9. Less absorption of the fluids
C . G . T O H E T A L . I N D I R E C T D E N T A L L A M I N A T E V E N E E R S A N
O V E R V I E W . J . D E N T . 1 9 8 7 ; 1 5 : 1 1 7 - L 2 4
35. 35
1. Lower repairability
2. Color cannot be easily modified once bonded
3. Requires preparation of the teeth in comparison of the minimal or no prep
in composite bonding
4. Difficult to fabricate
5. Margins are difficult to finish
6. Susceptible to pitting by certain fluoride treatment
C . G . T O H E T A L . I N D I R E C T D E N T A L L A M I N A T E V E N E E R S A N
O V E R V I E W . J . D E N T . 1 9 8 7 ; 1 5 : 1 1 7 - L 2 4
37. 37
• The word “CERAMIC” is derived from greek word called
“KERAMOS” which means “BURNT STUFF”.
• This restoration not only look natural but also has very good
periodontal response when placed properly.
Kenneth J. Anusavice - Phillips Science of Dental Materials, 12th ed., Philadelphia, W.B.Saunders – 2013 : 418-474.
38. 38
BASIC STRUCTURE
Glassy phase- acts as matrix
Crystalline phase- dispersed within matrix crystalline reinforcement, increase
the resistance to crack propagation improves strength and other properties but
also can decrease translucency.
Opaque
Presence of crystalline
phase
Transluscent
Presence of glassy
phase
Kenneth J. Anusavice - Phillips Science of Dental Materials, 12th ed., Philadelphia, W.B.Saunders – 2013 : 418-474.
39. 39
According to Method of Firing
1. Air fired.
2. Vacuum fired – lower % of porosity
3. Diffusible gas firing
According to Firing Temperature
1. Ultra low fusing (<850oC)
2. Low fusing (850oC -1100oC)
3. Medium fusing (1100oC -1300oC)
4. High fusing (>1300oC)
40. 40
According to Type
1. Feldspathic porcelain
2. Leucite-reinforced porcelain
3. Aluminous porcelain
4. Alumina
5. Glass-infiltrated alumina
6. Glass-infiltrated spinel
7. Glass-ceramic.
According to Substructure Material
1. Cast metal
2. Swaged metal
3. Glass ceramic
4. Sintered glass ceramic
5. CAD/ CAM Porcelain
6. Sintered ceramic core
49. Glass Based Ceramics
▹ The feldspathic porcelain is composed of three main components:
quartz, felspate and kaolin, with the basic component being silica
dioxide.
▹ Feldspars are mainly comprised of silica dioxide (60% -64%) and
aluminum oxide (20% - 23%) and are modified in different
techniques to create glass that can be used in dental restorations
49
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
50. ▹ Traditionally feldspathic ceramic veneers are fabricated using
layering technique which incorporates refractory dies used to
support the condensed layers or ceramic slurry.
▹ This technique gives the technician full control over the layers
incorporated resulting in a naturally looking restoration.
▹ On the contrary, it requires investing time and effort in order to
produce accurately fitting restorations.
50
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
51. CAD/CAM Fabricated
▹ The CAD/CAM prefabricated
blocks initially present with good
mechanical strength because they
are manufactured under precise
controlled conditions which
result in fine crystals and no
pores.
51
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
52. Machinable Feldspathic Porcelain
▹ Vita Mark II (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad
Sackingen, Germany), a machinable
feldspathic porcelain introdced in 1991 for
the CEREC 1 system (Siemens AG,
Bensheim, Germany) has improved strength
and finer grain size (4 μm) as compared to
conventional feldspathic porcelain .
52
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
53. ▹ It is composed of SiO2 (60% - 64%) and Al2O3 (20% - 23%) and
can be etched using hydrofluoric acid to create micromechanical
retention for resin cement.
▹ Although this product is monochromatic, it is available in several
shades including the classical line Vita shades, Vitapan 3D-Master
shades, VITABLOCS Esthetic Line, and bleached shade, and can
be additionally characterized.
53
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
54. ▹ To overcome esthetic
disadvantages of a monochromatic
restoration a multicolored
ceramic block (Vita Triluxe Bloc,
VITA Zahnfabrik) was designed
to create 3-dimensional layered
structure.
54
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
55. ▹ The inner third has a dark opaque base layer, while the
moderate third has a neutral zone and the outer third is
translucent.
▹ CEREC software allows the operator to have some visual
control over the alignment of the restoration within
multilayered block.
55
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
56. Lithium disilicate reinforced ceramics
▹ These are true glass ceramics with a
lithium disilicate crystal content of
70%.
▹ IPS e-max press (Ivoclar Vivadent) was
introduced in 2005 as an improved
press-ceramic material compared to IPS
Empress ceramics.
56
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
57. ▹ It is a lithium disilicate pressed glass
ceramic but it has better physical
properties and translucency .
▹ The crystalline volume and reactive
index of IPS e-max press ceramics differ
from these of IPS Empress and IPS
Empress II ceramics with IPS e-max being
more translucent.
57
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
58. Zirconia Based Ceramics
▹ Zirconia based ceramic is polycrystalline material that contain no glass, all the
atoms are packed into regular crystalline arrays through which it is much more
difficult to drive a crack than it is in the less dense and irregular network found
in glasses.
▹ So polycrystalline ceramics are much tougher and stronger than glass-based
ceramics
58
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
59. ▹ Yttrium oxide partially stabilized zirconia (Y-
TZP) has attractive mechanical properties as
chemical and dimensional stability, high
mechanical strength and fracture toughness.
▹ It has a fracture modulus of 900 Mpa and
hardness of 1200 vickers units.
▹ The cores of zirconia based ceramics have a
radiopacity comparable to metal.
59
Sadaqah NR. Ceramic laminate veneers: materials advances and selection. Open Journal of Stomatology. 2014 May 5;2014.
66. ▹ Copy milling is mechanical-tactile
model surveying and analogous
milling, it is considered to be highly
precise.
66
Rani S, Devi J, Jain C, Mutneja P, Verma M. Esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth with copy-milled restorations: a report of two cases. Case
reports in dentistry. 2017 Feb 23;2017.
67. ▹ First, a coping or framework is manually
fabricated in wax or composite, and then the
pattern is placed into the pantographic machine.
▹ The copying arm of the machine traces the wax
pattern while the cutting arm, which has a
carbide cutter, mills a selected presintered zirconia
block.
67
Rani S, Devi J, Jain C, Mutneja P, Verma M. Esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth with copy-milled restorations: a report of two cases. Case
reports in dentistry. 2017 Feb 23;2017.
68. 68
The working of copying and
cutting arm of copy miling
machine.
Rani S, Devi J, Jain C, Mutneja P, Verma M. Esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth with copy-milled restorations: a report of two cases. Case
reports in dentistry. 2017 Feb 23;2017.
69. Chair-side CAD/CAM
▹ Machinable ceramics can be milled to form inlays,
onlays, veneers, and crowns using the CAD/CAM
technology to produce restorations in one office visit.
▹ After the tooth is prepared, the preparation is optically
scanned and the image is computerized.
▹ The restoration is designed with the aid of a computer.
69
Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. Craig's restorative dental materials-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012 Jul 16.
70. ▹ The restoration is then machined from ceramic blocks by a
computer controlled milling machine.
▹ The milling process takes only a few minutes.
▹ Restorations are bonded to the tooth preparation with resin
cements
70
Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. Craig's restorative dental materials-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012 Jul 16.
71. 71
Ceramic laminate veneers can be fabricated using glass
based ceramics, aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide
ceramics.
Successful ceramic laminate veneers depend upon
clinician ability to select the appropriate material to
match intraoral conditions and esthetic demands.
72. REFERENCES
72
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