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Vector borne disease
This document discusses several important vector-borne diseases including malaria, dengue fever, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), and others. It describes the parasites and pathogens that cause each disease, their methods of transmission typically via arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and flies, characteristic symptoms, and global epidemiology. Malaria in particular is discussed in depth, outlining the four main plasmodium species that infect humans and how transmission is dependent on environmental factors like temperature. The clinical presentations of different forms of leishmaniasis are also reviewed.
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Vector borne disease
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- 2. Objective: • B- Discussepidemiology and pathology of important vector disease. Med_students0
- 3. There more than600 viruses and many Protozoa, bacteria and parasites transmitted by arthropod. Vector of disease bugs Flies lice Fleas Mosquitoes Vector of disease Med_students0
- 4. Importantvectordiseases: • Malaria •Dengue Fever • Arboviruses • Lyme Disease • Tick-borne Relapsing Fever (TBRF) • Leishmaniasis • Chagas’ Disease • African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) • Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis) • Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) Med_students0
- 5. There is typeof parasite that causes malaria known as plasmodium. There are many types of plasmodium , but there four types from plasmodium that cause malaria in human . They are: plasmodium falciparum (most deadly) plasmodium vivax (most common) plasmodium Malaria(rare) plasmodium Ovale Transmission: female anopheles mosquito Characterized by recurrent bouts of chills fever & hemolysis malaria
- 6. Malaria parasites cancomplete their growth cycle in the female anopheles mosquitoes • Temperature is important . • For example, at temperatures below 20°C Plasmodium falciparum (which causes severe malaria) cannot complete its growth cycle in the Anopheles mosquito, and thus cannot be transmitted. • transmission will not occur in: • very high altitudes • During colder season • In deserts (excluding the oases)
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- 8. Leishmaniasis • A chronicinflammatory disease of the skin, mucous membrane and viscera. Transmitted by bite of sandfly (Phlebotomus) It has 3 types of disease : 1- Visceral leishmaniasis 2- Cutaneous leishmaniasis 3- Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Epidemiology Leishmaniasis : Leishmaniasis prevalent world wide: ranging from south east Asia, Indo-Pakistan, north and central Africa, and south and central America Med_students0
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- 12. Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis) •They are parasitic nematodes cause of elephantiasis in humans: • Wuchereria bancrofti, which is responsible for 90% of the cases • Brugia malayi, which causes most of the remainder of the cases • B. timori, which also causes the diseases. • Most cases are caused by Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi • Transmitted by: • bite of infected female mosquito (Anopheles and Culex spp.) Filariasis generally doesn’t kill but it can cause considerable disability. • Epidemiology Elephantiasis: • Filariasis is found throughout Africa, India • and parts of Southeast Asia and Oceania.
- 14. African Trypanosomiasis (SleepingSickness) • Transmittedby: tsetse fly (Glossina sp.) • which can induce coma by invading the central nervous system • There are two subspecies of the parasite that are responsible for initiating the disease in humans: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causes the diseases in west and central Africa whereas, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense has a limited geographical range in east and southern Africa. Med_students0
- 15. Summary • Enumerate somevector important diseases. • Transition of vector diseases. Med_students0
- 16. my resources : •Robbinsbasic pathology 8th edition. •Picture from internet.
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- 18. Tankyou Thank you supervisors: Med_students0 Done by: Anas saad alsaab