Leishmaniasis has three types: cutaneous causes painless skin ulcers, mucocutaneous affects nose and mouth, and visceral causes weight loss, cough, enlarged organs. Dengue symptoms include fever, headaches, and joint pain. Yellow fever has an acute phase with fever and headache and a toxic phase with abdominal pain, vomiting, and decreased urination. Lymphatic filariasis causes edema of skin. Subcutaneous and serous filariasis produce skin rashes and abdominal pain. Zika is spread by mosquitos and symptoms are fever, rash, headache.

1. C L I N I C A L M A N I F E S TAT I O N
VECTOR BORNE DISEASE

2. OBJECTIVE
• Discuss clinical manifestation of important vector borne
diseases

3. VECTOR BORNE DISEASE
• It’s a disease that results from an infection transmitted to
humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods,
such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas
• Leishmaniasis, dengue, yellow fever, filariasis and zika
virus.

4. LEISHMANIASIS
•Leishmaniasis is a parasitic
disease. It is spread by the bite of
an insect called a sand fly.

5. LEISHMANIASIS CONT..
•There are three types of the
disease :
• 1- Cutaneous leishmanias
• 2- Visceral leishmaniasis (systemic
leishmaniasis)
• 3- Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

6. 1- CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIAS
• The main symptom of this condition is painless skin
ulcers.
• Cutaneous symptoms may appear only one to two
weeks after the sandfly bite.
• However, sometimes symptoms will not appear for
months or years

8. 2- MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
• symptoms usually appear one to five years after skin
lesions have healed.
• These are primarily ulcers in the mouth and nose or on
the lips. Other symptoms may include:
• stuffy or runny nose
• nose bleeds
• difficulty breathing

10. 3- VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS
• Symptoms often do not appear for
months after the bite. Most cases are
detected two to six months after
infection. Symptoms include:
• weight loss
• weakness
• cough
enlarged spleen
• enlarged liver
• decreased production of red blood cells (RBCs)
• bleeding
• thinning hair
• scaly skin or dark ashen skin

12. DENGUE
•Dengue fever is a disease
caused by an RNA virus of the
family (Flaviviridae)transmitted
by mosquitoes(Aedes).
•The Aedes aegypti mosquito is
the primary vector of dengue

13. DENGUE CONT…
• Many people, especially children and
teens, may experience no signs or
symptoms during a mild case of dengue
fever. When symptoms do occur, they
usually begin four to 10 days after you
are bitten by an infected mosquito.

14. CONT…
• Signs and symptoms of dengue fever most commonly
include:
• Fever, as high as 106 F (41 C)
• Headaches
• Muscle, bone and joint pain
• Pain behind your eyes

15. YELLOW FEVER
• Yellow fever is caused by flavivirus and
transmmited by mosquito(Aedes aegypti) and most
commonly found in parts of South America and Africa.
• the yellow fever virus incubates in the body for 3 to 6
days . In most cases, symptoms disappear after 3 to 4
days. More than Half of the patients who enter the toxic
phase die within 7 - 10 days.
• Yellow fever gets its name from two of its most obvious
symptoms: fever and yellowing of the skin.

16. YELLOW FEVER
Yellow fever include two phases :
• Acute phase
• Toxic phase

17. YELLOW FEVER CONT…
•acute phase, signs and
symptoms including:
• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle aches, particularly in your back and knees
• Sensitivity to light
• Nausea, vomiting or both
• Loss of appetite
• Dizziness
• Red eyes, face or tongue

18. YELLOW FEVER CONT…
• Toxic phase , signs and symptoms
including :
• Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice)
• Abdominal pain and vomiting
• Decreased urination
• Bleeding from the nose, mouth and eyes
• Slow heart rate (Bradycardia)
• Liver and kidney failure
• Brain dysfunction, including delirium, seizures and coma
• The toxic phase of yellow fever can be fatal.

20. FILARIASIS
• Filariasis is a parasitic infection caused by thread-like nematodes (filariae) .
• Filariasis causes no symptoms in the initial stages; the problems start after the
adult worms die.
• Types:
1-lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis) -
Edema with thickening of the skin and underlying tissues is the classical
symptom of elephantiasis. It usually affects the lower extremities.
• the lymphatic system is infected by the following types of worm: There are 3
types of these thread-like filarial worms:
• Wuchereria bancrofti, which is responsible for 90% of the cases
• Brugia malayi, which causes most of the remainder of the cases
• Brugia timori, which also causes the disease.

21. FILARIASIS CONT..
• 2- subcutaneous filariasis: This infection involves the
subcutaneous tissue and is caused by the worms Loa
loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella streptocerca,
and Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm).
Symptoms of subcutaneous filariasis include:
• Skin rashes
• Hyper or hypo pigmented macules
• River blindness

22. FILARIASIS CONT..
• 3- serous filariasis: the infection occurs in the serous
cavity of the abdomen and is caused by Mansonella
perstans and Mansonella ozzardi.
Symptoms of serous filariasis include:
• Abdominal pain
• Skin rashes
• Arthritis
• Hyper or hypo pigmented macules

24. ZIKA VIRUS
• Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an
infected Aedes species mosquito (Ae.
aegypti (mainly)and Ae. albopictus). These
mosquitoes bite during the day and night.
• Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her
fetus(through sexual contact). Infection during pregnancy
can cause certain birth defects.
• There is no vaccine or medicine for Zika.
• The incubation period (the time from exposure to
symptoms) of Zika virus disease is estimated to be 3–
14 days and usually last for 2–7 days

25. ZIKA VIRUS
• Many people infected with Zika virus won’t have
symptoms or will only have mild symptoms. The most
common symptoms of Zika are
• Fever
• Rash
• Headache
• Joint pain
• Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
• Muscle pain

26. ZIKA VIRUS

27. SUMMARY
• Leishmaniasis :
1-Cutaneous: painless skin alcers .. ect
2-Mucocutaneous: stuffy or runny nose nose bleeds
3-vasceral: weight loss, Weakness, cough .. ect
Dengue :
Headaches, Muscle, bone and joint pain
Yellow fever:
Acute phase: Fever, Headache
Toxic phase: Abdominal pain and vomiting, sometimes
of blood Decreased urination

28. SUMMARY CONT ..
• lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis) :
Edema with thickening of the skin and underlying tissues .. ect
• subcutaneous filariasis :
Skin rashes, Hyper or hypo pigmented macules
• serous filariasis :
Abdominal pain, Skin rashes and Arthritis.
• Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito .
• The most common symptoms of Zika are:
• Fever , Rash , and Headache.

30. REFERENCES :