This document provides information about different types of valves used in industrial processes. It describes check valves, diaphragm valves, solenoid valves, butterfly valves, and pressure relief valves. For each type of valve, it discusses their description, function, applications, and includes diagrams. Videos are also referenced for additional information.

1. BY GROUP:
1) NURUL NABILLATUL MUNIFA
BT R.AZMI
2) NURUL SHAKIRA BT JOHARI
3) NURULFARAHANA BT HARUN
4) PUTRI NOOR NATASHA BT
CHE YEO MEGAT
5) SHARIFAH SABIRAH BT SYED
HAMZAH

2. CHECK VALVE
• Figure:

4. DESCRIPTION :
• Check valve (non-return valve) also known as
one-way valve, reflux valve and back pressure
valve.
• Are installed in pipeline systems to allow flow in
one direction only.
• Pipeline used to prevent reflux of a fluid valve.
• Check valve are found everywhere, including in
home.
• Check valve are used with a variety of media
such as liquid, air, other gases, steam,
condensate and in some cases liquids with
fines or slurries.

5. FUNCTION:
• Prevent media backflow.
• Prevent pump.
• Prevent drive motor reverse.
• Discharge the container medium.
• Rise the pressure to exceed the
system pressure auxiliary supply.

6. APPLICATIONS:
• Pump
Check valve often used with some
type of pumps.
The feed pumps or injectors which
supply water to steam boilers are
fitted with check valves to prevent
back-flow.

7. • Industrial processes
 Check valves are used in many fluid
systems such as those in chemical and
power plants, and in many other
industrial processes.
 For example, if a fuel and an oxidizer are
to be mixed, then check valves will
normally be used on both the fuel and
oxidizer sources to ensure that the
original gas cylinders remain pure.

8. • Domestic Use
 Check valves used in domestic heating
systems to prevent vertical
convection, especially in combination
with solar thermal installations, also are
called gravity brake.
 Hydraulic jacks use ball check valves to
build pressure on the lifting side of the
jack.

9. TYPE :
• Swing Check
Valve
• Lift Check valve
• Ball Check valve
• Diaphragm Check
valve
• Stop Check valve
• Line Check valve
• Duckbill Check
valve
• Multiple Check
valve
• Dual Disc Check
valve
• Titling Check
valve

10. VIDEO:

11. DIAPHRAGM VALVE
• Figure:

13. DESCRIPTION :
• Transmits force to open, close or control
a valve.
• Get their name from a flexible disc which
comes into contact with a seat at the top
of the valve body to form a seal.
• Diaphragm is a control device that
utilizes a flexible membrane to close or
shut, an opening.

14. • Consists of a valve body with two or
more parts, a diaphragm and a “weir or
saddle” or seat upon which the
diaphragm closes the valve.
• The valve is constructed from either
plastic or metal.
• Pressure increase or decrease on either
side of the diaphragm cause the valve to
move its position.

15. FUNCTION:
• Usually used at the home or for industrial
factories.
• Used in industries like food
processing, pharmaceutical
manufacturing, mining and pollution
control.
• Used on shut-off and throttling service
for liquids, slurries and vacuum or gas.
• Should be used for processes where the
absence of dead space inside the valve.
• Use to isolate or block flow.

16. APPLICATION:
• The diaphragm valve has an extended
use for applications at low pressure and
slurry fluid where most other kinds of
valves corrode or become obstructed.
• Use the diaphragm to separate the flow
from the closer element.
• Excellent for controlling the flow of fluids
containing suspended solids and offer
the flexibility of being installed in any
position.

17. TYPE:
• Weir
 Often used in
pipes.
 Can be used for
either off or on
and throttling
services.
• Straight-
through flow
 Only used for on
or off service.
 Can be found at
the bottom of
tanks.

18. VIDEO:

19. REFERENCES:
• http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-
diapwhragm-valve.html
• http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-
Environ/valves/diaphragm.html
• http://www.valvias.com/type-diaphragm-
valve.php

20. SOLENOID VALVE

22. DESCRIPTION:
• An electrically operated valve where an
electromagnet is used as actuator to change
the valve state.
• Have two type: a)two-way solenoid valve
b)three-way solenoid valve
• In two-way solenoid valve, the valve is open
when the solenoid coil is energized.

23. • The energized solenoid coil acts as an
electromagnet which pulls the plunger and
the valve disc upwards. The valve is closed
when the coil is de-energized.
• In a three-way solenoid valve, energizing the
solenoid coil cause the valve to open from
port1 to port2 while de-energizing the coil
causes the valve to open from port2 to port3.
• The closing action of the valve is achieved
by the weight of plunger, valve stem and
disc. Once the disc comes close to its seat,
flow(from left hand side)will snap the valve
tightly shut.

24. FUNCTION:
• Used only in an ON/OFF manner.
• Used in conjunction with a
pneumatically actuated diaphragm
control valve to obtain ON/OFF valve
operation by an electrically applied
signal.

25. VIDEO:

26. REFERENCES:
• Lecture note(Valve In Industry Part2)
• Internet:http://youtu.be/cqvE3n7JXnU

27. BUTTERFLY VALVE
• Figure:

28. DESCRIPTION:
 A butterfly valve consists of a circular disc with
its pivot axis at right angles to the direction
material is flowing. The valve is made up of a
body, seat, disc, stem, and actuator. Each
component part is available in a variety of
materials called “trim features.” Properly
combining trim features to address material
handled and environment is important in selecting
the correct model valve for its intended service.
 Body: A butterfly valve body can be made of cast
iron, ductile iron, aluminium, carbon
steel, stainless steel and exotic metals.

29.  Butterfly valves are available in wafer and lug style.
Wafer style valves are installed “sandwiched”
between pipe flanges. This style of valve is easier to
replace or install. However, replacing a wafer valve
requires the conveying line to be drained. Once the
valve is removed, there is nothing to seal material
either upstream or downstream from the removal
point.
 Lug style valves contain tapped holes that allow
them to be bolted directly to a mating flange. In the
closed position, the valve independently seals
material to the upstream and downstream side.
Because of this independent sealing, lug valves may
be used to isolate downstream equipment that may
require replacement or maintenance.

30.  Seat:
Resilient seated valves are the most commonly
used types. The interior of the valve body is lined
with an elastomeric seat. Seats may be made of
EPDM, Buna, viton, Teflon, natural
rubber, carbox, chlorbutyl, white Buna, or white
neoprene as well as other materials. Choice of seat
material depends on temperatures, pressures and
material handled.
 The seats of some inexpensive butterfly valves are
typically moulded into the body and cannot be
repaired or replaced. Precision butterfly valves
typically contain removable seats that are
repairable or replaceable.

31.  Disc:
The valve disc (controlled by the actuator)
regulates the flow of material within the
conveying line. Disc materials are available
to meet a variety of application demands:
stainless steel, aluminium/bronze, ductile
iron, ductile/epoxy coated, ductile/nickel
plated, ductile/nylon II coated as well as
others. As the disc is directly in the material
flow stream, care must be taken in specifying
the proper material of construction and disc
shape. Some discs are designed to allow
increased flow patterns through the piping.

32.  Stem:
The stem passes through the centre of the
valve, attaches to the actuator, and positions the disc
for material flow control and shut off. Depending on
the application and valve size, stems may be one or
two-piece construction. Typical materials of
construction include carbon steel and different
grades of stainless steel.
 Actuator:
A variety of actuators are available for butterfly
valves: manual handle, gear, pneumatic, electric and
electro-hydraulic. Also, actuators that may be
enclosed in special housings and buried are available
for certain underground applications.

33. FUNCTION:
• A Butterfly Valve is used to control the
flow of material through a circular pipe
or tube. Typically the material is
air, gas, steam, or liquid. Certain dry
materials may also be handled through
a butterfly valve.

34. APPLICATION:
As stated earlier, Butterfly Valves are generally
specified for most air, gas, steam, and liquid
applications. They offer an excellent, economic
ally priced, positive shut-off valve for handling
materials (e.g. gases and liquids) that are easily
displaced by the valve disc as it closes.
When handling this type of material, butterfly
valves provide a reliable, bubble-tight, bi-
directional shut off. Care must be taken when
applying a butterfly valve in semi-abrasive or
abrasive dry material applications.

35. • this includes slurry applications that contain
suspended particles because:
1) A valve disc closing on dry bulk material will
create premature wear to the rubber seat.
2) The obstructed orifice created by the disc may
cause bridging of material on the inlet side of the
valve.
3) A disc opening or closing on a standing column
of dry material may cause the material to jam /
pack.
4) Particles of dry material or suspended particles in
slurries may become trapped between the disc
and seat, causing conveying line inefficiencies.

36. VIDEO:

37. REFERENCES:
• http://www.bulk-online.com/Co/34338.htm
• http://www.valworx.com

38. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
• Figure:

39. FUNCTION:
• The function of a relief valve is to
set the maximum pressure in a
hydraulic system.

40. APPLICATION:
• Direct acting pressure/vacuum relief valves
(also known as breather valves, conservation
vents, or safety vents) are special types of relief
valves which are specifically designed for tank
protection.
• The range includes pressure only, vacuum only
and combined pressure/vacuum valves, all
available with flanged outlets or vented to
atmosphere.
• Pressure / vacuum relief valves are used
extensively on bulk storage tanks, including
fixed roof tanks with floating covers, to minimise
evaporation loss.

41. • The valves prevent the build up of
excessive pressure or vacuum which can
unbalance the system or damage the
storage vessel.
• Pressure and vacuum protection levels are
controlled with weighted pallets or springs
and can be combined to provide the
required pressure/vacuum settings.
• It is common to combine pallet and spring
systems in one unit i.e. pressure settings
require a spring section, whilst the vacuum
settings use the pallet method.

42. TYPES:
• Pressure &
Vacuum Relief to
Atmosphere
• Pressure &
Vacuum Relief to
Atmosphere
(Spring Loaded)

43. • Pressure Relief to
Atmosphere
• Vacuum Relief
from Atmosphere

44. • Pressure Relief to
Closed Line
• Pressure Relief to
Atmosphere
Vacuum Relief
from Closed Line

45. • Pressure Relief to
Closed Line
Vacuum Relief
from Closed Line
• Vacuum Relief
from Closed Line

47. REFERENCES:
• http://www.elmactechnologies.com/products
/pressure_vacuum_relief_valves.html?gclid
=CLOPtf6L7LkCFbF34godtVAAwA
• http://valveproducts.net/relief-
valve/operation-principle-of-relief-valve

48. NEEDLE VALVE

49. DESCRIPTION:
• It is called needle valve due to the shape
of the closure member.
• Needle valve suitable for regulating flow.
• It is possible to easily adjust the flow rate
to any specific amount desired.
• Designed with a metal needle.
• Valves are available that have metal -
metal, plastic – plastic, or plastic- metal
needles and seats.

50. FUNCTION:
• Needle valves are widely used to accurate
regulate the flow of liquids and gases at low
flow rates.
• Needle valves are used to control flow into
delicate gauges.
• Needle valves are also used in situations where
the flow must be gradually brought to a halt and
at other points where precise adjustments of
flow are necessary or where a small flow rate is
desired.
• A needle valve is also sometimes used in
equipment that controls the temperature of
water within a specific system.

51. APPLICATION:
• the valve makes it possible to control the flow of
water through the heater, a factor that can also
aid in minimizing the amount of energy needed
to maintain an equitable supply of hot water.
• At the plant level, valves of this type are often
used to regulate the flow into the system used
to deliver the product to various points of
destination.
• For engines in which carburettors are
commonly included, a needle valve is often the
device that helps to regulate the flow of fuel into
the device.

52. • A lack of sufficient fuel flowing into the
carburettor will result in additional wear and
stress on the engine over time, a factor that
may lead to costly repairs.
• Needle valves are used in almost every industry
in an incredibly wide range of applications -
anywhere control or metering of
steam, air, gas, oil, water or other non-viscous
liquids is required.

53. TYPES:
• Butt Weld type • Integral Bonnet
type

54. • Panel Mounted
type
• Gauge Root
Type

55. • Anguler type

56. ADVANTAGES:
• One common use of both stainless steel and
brass needle valves is with utility meters where
there is a need to measure precisely the amount
of power, water or natural gas that a customer
has consumed during a given billing period.
• At the plant level, valves of this type are often
used to regulate the flow into the system used to
deliver the product to various points of
destination.
• By controlling the needle valve rate, stress on the
delivery system is kept to a minimum, which in
turn helps to enhance the safety of personnel who
work at various points along that system.

57. DISADVANTAGES:
• Unlike other types of valves, there is no
way to visually observe the position of
the screw or the handle used to control
the positioning of the screw and
determine if the valve is open or closed.
• For this reason, other devices are often
included in the equipment design that
makes it possible to monitor the flow and
use the valve to adjust that flow
accordingly.

58. • These variations are usually designed
with specific applications in
mind, especially situations where
corrosion, high or low temperatures or
extensive wear are possible.
• In such cases, it is best to consult with
the manufacturer to find which type of
valve is best for the application at hand.

59. REFERENCES:
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_valve

60. PLUG VALVE

61. DESCRIPTION:
• Plug valves are also known as „cock valves‟.
• The plug also contains a port to allow the fluid flow
as indicated in the figure. This port can be
rectangular or round in shape.
• The rotation of the plug and hence the port, can be
used to control the opening to allow the fluid flow.
• Plug valves are either cylindrical or conically
tapered.
• The lubricated plug valve is of the "block" or
complete shut-off type .
• Three basic parts comprise the lubricated plug
valve: body, cover and plug.

62. FUNCTION:
• Plug valves are used in a wide array of
equipment. They are usually found in natural
gas lines as a device to control gas flow within
the pipes, as well as laboratory glassware
stopcocks in used in creating glass products
and items.
• Plug valves are also used in vacuum
devices, as part of the controls in removing
pressure from a given amount of space.

63. APPLICATION:
• Air, gaseous, and vapour services
• Natural gas piping systems
• Oil piping systems
• Vacuum to high-pressure applications

64. TYPES:

65. ADVANTAGES:
• Plug valves have very simple design and fewer
parts. Plug valves are easy to clean and can be
cleaned without having to remove the body from
piping system. Plug valves provide reliable leak tight
service. Plug valves can be quickly opened or
closed and they offer low resistance to the flow.
• Plug valve can minimal resistance to flow. The
isolation of the downstream system from the
upstream system by use of and isolation /stop valve
is a critically important function..The prime
requirements of this valve are tight shut off when
closed and minimum restriction to flow when open.
• Plug valve also smaller in size than most other
valves.

66. DISADVANTAGES:
• Due to large amount of friction to rotate the
plug, greater force is required to operate the plug
valves. For larger valves actuators may be needed.
Usually plug valves cost more than ball
valves, which have similar design.
• Reduced port, due to tapered plug. The plug and
body tapered bores are matched together to form a
relatively wide seat area. The plug bore is normally
reduced but full port is available for slurry
applications with high solid content where these
valves are particularly more suitable than other
types. Full port valves are considerably more
expensive than reduced port and normally not used
in hydrocarbon applications.

67. VIDEO:

68. REFERENCES:
• http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/CIV240/plug_
valves.htm
• http://www.flowserve.com/files/Files/Literature/P
roductLiterature/FlowControl/Nordstrom/NVEN
BR1004.pdf
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9UjNErhlto