This document discusses the importance of using teaching aids and audiovisual materials in the classroom. It notes that teachers in Pakistan often do not use these resources due to limited budgets, heavy workloads, and lack of training. However, it encourages teachers to develop low-cost or no-cost teaching aids using materials from the classroom and surrounding environment. Developing teaching aids with student participation can both lower costs and increase student motivation and understanding of the lessons.

2.  Identify the things and materials that can help in
teaching.
 Prepare low cost/ no cost teaching aids.
 Prepare less time consuming A.V aids.
 Effectively use the available teaching aids,
prepared models and things around them.
2

3.  Visual aids capture the attention of students,
they take interest and participate.
 Students get better Understanding.
 Visual examples from surrounding of daily life
works as great motivation.
3

4. In Pakistan Majority of the teachers pay less attention
to use AV aids while giving following reasons.
 Limited Budget Allocation.
 Excessive workload.
 Non Availability of required material.
 Limited exposure.(training, refresher courses, guidance etc)
4

5.  Teachers must take great interest in selection of creative
teaching techniques and must incorporate A.V aids into
their lesson plan.
 Maximize student participation.
 Head Teacher may act as resource person.
 School canteen can be good source to collect resource
material.
 Honor the class by placing their names in their projects.
5

6.  Ask students to participate in groups or individually
in preparation of teaching aids to meet the expanses.
 Display student’s projects in the form of exhibition
to motivate others to take part in such activities.
 Appreciate innovative ideas.
6

7. Teaching aids based in the surroundings:
 Yourself
 Children
 Classroom Objects
 Black Board
 Old newspapers from library
 School dustbins.
7

8. 8
Printed Material Audio Visual Material Display Material
Text Books.
Reference Books.
News paper.
Magazines.
Photographs.
Radio.
Cassette & Tape recorder.
Television, Cable
Television.
VCR & Video tape Slides.
Computers / CD’s
Film Strips
Mobile video & Audio
Sounds
Pictures
Flash cards
 3d & 2d Models
Charts, Graphs, Maps
Posters
Diagrams
Peg Board
Flannel Board
Museums Containing
reals objects like stones
etc
Three Types of resource material can be used for successful
teaching/ learning as per requirements.

17. Low-cost “ping pong”
table
(Examples from China:
“The Gansu Basic Education Project”)

22. 22