USG -FAST
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This document provides an overview of ultrasound and the Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) exam. It describes how ultrasound uses piezoelectric crystals in the probe to transmit sound waves and generate images. The FAST exam is used to quickly identify fluid, particularly in trauma patients, by scanning four areas without radiation: the subxiphoid/subcostal area, right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, and suprapubic region. By viewing these areas, ultrasound can detect fluid such as blood in the pericardial sac or abdominal cavity that would indicate internal bleeding or injury.
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The document discusses ideal diagnostics and the importance of confirmatory diagnosis through appropriate investigations. It emphasizes the need for a team effort between the diagnostician and therapeutician to arrive at a final diagnosis. A variety of diagnostic investigations across different specialties like radiology, laboratory tests, cardiology, neurology, ENT, and others are mentioned as being important for evaluating different body systems and arriving at the correct diagnosis to guide treatment and management. The focus is on selecting the right investigations, properly requesting and interpreting diagnostic reports and images, and determining the appropriate next steps in management.
Dr rowan molnar anaesthetics study guide part ii
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Identification of patient requiring procedure
Referral to perioperative service
Screening for level of workup required
Pre-anaesthetic assessment/plan
Referral & investigations as required.
Admission at appropriate pre-op interval
Post-operative drug/fluid/other therapy
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Echocardiography
The document discusses echocardiography and stress echocardiography. It provides details on various views obtained during echocardiography including parasternal long axis, parasternal short axis, apical 4-chamber, and subcostal views. It describes the technique, advantages, and disadvantages of transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography. Stress echocardiography involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while monitoring the heart with echocardiography before and after exercise. Dobutamine stress echocardiography uses a drug instead of exercise to stress the heart. The document is authored by Dr. Ihtisham Sahil and focuses on echocardiography techniques
Basics of Ultrasound
• What is Ultrasound imaging?
• Why Ultrasound?
• Common Uses
• History
• Properties of Ultrasound
• Equipment types
• How does the procedure work?
• Physics
• Benefits and Risks etc.
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This document provides an overview of ultrasound uses in regional anesthesia. It discusses how ultrasound works by generating sound waves and visualizing tissue structures based on echo reflection. Key advantages of ultrasound include visualization of soft tissues and avoidance of radiation exposure compared to fluoroscopy. The document covers ultrasound machine controls, tissue appearance, probe positioning and handling, scanning techniques, and needle guidance using ultrasound.
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Echocardiography uses ultrasound to produce images of the heart. Sound waves are sent through a transducer and reflected off heart structures, with the echoes converted into pictures seen on a monitor. It has several applications including assessing cardiac chamber size and function, valves, pericardium, aorta, and detecting tumors or clots. Views are obtained by positioning the transducer in different locations and angles around the chest to visualize the heart from multiple windows.
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This document provides an overview of lung ultrasound (USG) including basic terminology, probe selection, normal lung patterns, and abnormalities. It discusses how ultrasound works using sound waves to assess tissue characteristics. The optimal probes for lung imaging are curvilinear or linear probes. Normal lung imaging shows the pleural line and lung sliding. Abnormal patterns include pleural effusions, pneumothoraces, and lung consolidations. Patient positioning and a systematic scanning approach are important. The document is intended to teach the fundamentals of lung ultrasonography.
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2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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USG -FAST
- 2. OVERVIEW Why the USG Mechanics and principles of USG FAST E FAST
- 3. Why the USG Stethoscope of Emergency Physician Clinical assessment of critically ill patients No radiation , better portability Real time imaging ,faster Low cost
- 4. USG
- 5. Probe Transducer converts one type of energy in to sound wave Transducer contains piezoelectric elements /crystals which produce the ultrasound pulses These elements converts electrical energy into a mechnical ultrasound wave
- 7. Transducers
- 9. Anechoic
- 10. Hyper echoic
- 11. Hypo echoic
- 13. Goal and Indication Goal Identify the fluid in particular region Indication Trauma –blunt or penetrating. Trauma in pregnancy. Pediatric trauma.
- 15. How to Scan Patient in supine position. Low frequency curvelinear probe. Transducer marker :- Longitudinal - Towards head Transverse - To patients right side
- 16. FAST
- 17. Fast view 1. Subxiphoid 2. Right upper quadrants 3. Left upper quadrants 4. Suprapubic
- 19. 1 .Subxiphoid / subcostal view Four chamber view Find the four chamber and pericardial free fluids How can see- in sub-xiphoid area ,transducer towards the left shoulder
- 20. Subcostal view
- 22. 2.Right upper quadrant Probe at right thoraco abdominal junction at mid axillary line Liver : large acoustic window Probe marker - towards pt’s head Morrison’s pouch
- 24. RUQ
- 27. 3.Left upper quadrant Intraperitoneal area at mid axillary line Splenorenal fossa infrior to inferior pole of spleen Superior to spleen Probe marker- towards the pt’s head
- 28. LUQ
- 29. LUQ - NORMAL
- 30. LUQ –With free fluid
- 32. Suprapubic Position : Transverse Probe in the midline just cephalad to the pubic bone Probe indicator pointed to Pt’s right Longitudinal Probe in the midline just cephalad to the pubic bone Probe indicator pointed to pt’s head
- 33. Suprapubic -T
- 35. Transverse-M
- 36. Free fluid