This document investigates the outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) of user selection protocols in a full-duplex power splitting protocol energy harvesting cooperative network over a Rayleigh fading channel. It proposes a network model where a source communicates with multiple destinations through an energy-constrained relay, while an eavesdropper attempts to intercept communications. The relay uses power splitting to harvest energy from the source signal and decode information to forward. Closed-form expressions are derived for the OP and IP considering different user selection protocols. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis. The paper studies how varying system parameters impact network performance in terms of reliability and security.
Performance of cluster-based cognitive multihop networks under joint impact o...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, we evaluate outage probability (OP) of a cluster-based multi-hop protocol operating
on an underlay cognitive radio (CR) mode. The primary network consists of multiple independent
transmit/receive pairs, and the primary transmitters seriously cause co-channel interference (CCI) to the
secondary receivers. To improve the outage performance for the secondary network under the joint impact
of the CCI and hardware imperfection, we employ the best relay selection at each hop. Moreover, the
destination is equipped with multiple antennas and uses the selection combining (SC) technique to
enhance the reliability of the data transmission at the last hop. For performance evaluation, we first derive
an exact formula of OP for the primary network which is used to calculate the transmit power of the
secondary transmitters. Next, an exact closed-form expression of the end-to-end OP for the secondary
network is derived over Rayleigh fading channels. We then perform Monte-Carlo simulations to validate
the derivations. The results present that the CCI caused by the primary operations significantly impacts on
the outage performance of the secondary network.
Exploiting Outage Performance of Wireless Powered NOMATELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Considering a dual-hop energy-harvesting (EH) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) relaying system, this paper consider novel relaying protocols based on time power switching-based relaying (TPSR) architecture for amplify-and-forward modes. We introduce novel system model relaying network with impacts of energy harvesting fractions and derive analytical expressions for outage probability for the information transmission link. It confirmed that right selection of power allocation for NOMA to obtain optimal performance. Theoretical results show that, in comparison with the conventional solutions, the proposed model can achieve optimal throughput efficiency for sufficiently small threshold SNR with condition of controlling time switching fractions and power splitting fractions appropriately in TPSR protocol. We also explore impacts of transmission distances in each hop, transmission rate, the other key parameters of TPSR to outage performance for different channel models. Simulation results are presented to corroborate the proposed methodology.
MPC-EAR : Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing in Ad hoc Networksijsrd.com
Power preservation in wireless ad hoc networks is a decisive factor as energy resources are inadequate at the electronic devices in use. Power-aware routing strategies are fundamentally route selection strategies built on accessible ad hoc routing protocols. This paper proposed a new Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing (MPC-EAR ) topology for mobile ad hoc networks that enhances the network life span. Simulation results prove that the projected protocol has a higher performance other minimal energy usage, energy level aware and energy conserving routing protocols such as MTPR, MMECR and CMMECR.
Energy efficient load balanced routing protocol for wireless sensor networkscsandit
Telecommunications is increasingly vital to the society at large, and has become essential to
business, academic, as well as social activities. Due to the necessity to have access to
telecommunications, the deployment requires regulations and policy. Otherwise, the deployment
of the infrastructures would contribute to environment, and human complexities rather than
ease of use.
However, the formulation of telecommunication infrastructure deployment regulation and
policy involve agents such as people and processes. The roles of the agents are critical, and are
not as easy as it meant to belief. This could be attributed to different factors, as they produce
and reproduce themselves overtime.
This paper presents the result of a study which focused on the roles of agents in the formulation
of telecommunication infrastructures deployment regulation and policy. In the study, the
interactions that take place amongst human and non-human agents were investigated. The study
employed the duality of structure, of Structuration theory as lens to understand the effectiveness
of interactions in the formulation of regulations, and how policy is used to facilitate the
deployment of telecommunications infrastructure in the South African environment.
Implementing packet broadcasting algorithm of mimo based mobile ad hoc networ...IJNSA Journal
With the rapid growth of wireless communication infras,,tructure over the recent few years, new
challenges has been posed on the system and analysis on wireless adhoc networking. Implementation of
MIMO communication in such type of network is enhancing the packet transmission capabilities. There
are different techniques for cooperative transmission and broadcasting packet in MIMO equipped
Mobile Adhoc Network. We have employed a model network in the OPNET environment and propose a
new scheduling algorithm based on investigating the different broadcasting algorithm. The new
broadcasting algorithm improves the packet transmission rate of the network based on energy
performance of the network and minimizes the BER for different transmission mode which is illustrated
in this paper. The simulations are done in MATLAB and OPNET environment and the simulated result
for the packet transmission rate are collected and shown in the tabular form. Also simulate the network
for generating a comparative statement for each mobile node. And performance analysis is also done for
the model network. The main focus is to minimize BER and improve information efficiency of the
network.
Physical security with power beacon assisted in half-duplex relaying networks...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this research, we proposed and investigated physical security with power beacon assisted in half-duplex relaying networks over a Rayleigh fading channel. In this model, the source (S) node communicates with the destination (D) node via the helping of the intermediate relay (R) node. The D and R nodes harvest energy from the power beacon (PB) node in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (E) node. Then we derived the integral form of the system outage probability (OP) and closed form of the intercept probability (IP). The correctness of the analytical of the OP and IP is verified by the Monte Carlo simulation. The influence of the main system parameters on the OP and IP also is investigated. The research results indicated that the analytical results are the same as the simulation ones.
B ENCHMARKING OF C ELL T HROUGHPUT U SING P ROPORTIONAL F AIR S CHEDULE...ijwmn
The proportional fair (PF) scheduling algorithm com
promises between cell throughput and fairness. Many
research findings have been published by various re
searchers about PF algorithm based on mathematical
model and simulations. In this paper we have taken
the practical route to analyse the algorithm based
on
three types of subscription. In this benchmarking s
tudy, the user subscriptions are differentiated as
Gold,
Silver and Bronze schemes and they are provisioned
with certain throughputs. Apart from subscriptions
plans, the channel condition also plays a major rol
e in determining the throughput. So in order to ens
ure
fairness among different subscriptions even in the
bad channel conditions and to deliver the provision
ed
throughputs certain priorities are attached with th
e subscriptions. As per the subscription plans Gold
subscribers are assigned with 50% of the speed offe
red by the network as maximum based on CAT3 speed
(100 Mbps in DL and 50 Mbps in UL), Silver is assig
ned with 25% of the max speed and Bronze is
assigned with 12% of the max speed. The priorities
assigned to subscribers determines the fairness in
the
unfavourable channel conditions - Bronze (high), Si
lver and Gold (medium). In this paper, an
benchmarking tests have been performed with all of
three types of subscribers for nearly two hours in
the
live single cell network without any heterogeneous
cells influencing it. Furthermore, the results are
compared with the simulation results.
Performance of cluster-based cognitive multihop networks under joint impact o...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, we evaluate outage probability (OP) of a cluster-based multi-hop protocol operating
on an underlay cognitive radio (CR) mode. The primary network consists of multiple independent
transmit/receive pairs, and the primary transmitters seriously cause co-channel interference (CCI) to the
secondary receivers. To improve the outage performance for the secondary network under the joint impact
of the CCI and hardware imperfection, we employ the best relay selection at each hop. Moreover, the
destination is equipped with multiple antennas and uses the selection combining (SC) technique to
enhance the reliability of the data transmission at the last hop. For performance evaluation, we first derive
an exact formula of OP for the primary network which is used to calculate the transmit power of the
secondary transmitters. Next, an exact closed-form expression of the end-to-end OP for the secondary
network is derived over Rayleigh fading channels. We then perform Monte-Carlo simulations to validate
the derivations. The results present that the CCI caused by the primary operations significantly impacts on
the outage performance of the secondary network.
Exploiting Outage Performance of Wireless Powered NOMATELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Considering a dual-hop energy-harvesting (EH) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) relaying system, this paper consider novel relaying protocols based on time power switching-based relaying (TPSR) architecture for amplify-and-forward modes. We introduce novel system model relaying network with impacts of energy harvesting fractions and derive analytical expressions for outage probability for the information transmission link. It confirmed that right selection of power allocation for NOMA to obtain optimal performance. Theoretical results show that, in comparison with the conventional solutions, the proposed model can achieve optimal throughput efficiency for sufficiently small threshold SNR with condition of controlling time switching fractions and power splitting fractions appropriately in TPSR protocol. We also explore impacts of transmission distances in each hop, transmission rate, the other key parameters of TPSR to outage performance for different channel models. Simulation results are presented to corroborate the proposed methodology.
MPC-EAR : Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing in Ad hoc Networksijsrd.com
Power preservation in wireless ad hoc networks is a decisive factor as energy resources are inadequate at the electronic devices in use. Power-aware routing strategies are fundamentally route selection strategies built on accessible ad hoc routing protocols. This paper proposed a new Maximal Power Conserved And Energy Aware Routing (MPC-EAR ) topology for mobile ad hoc networks that enhances the network life span. Simulation results prove that the projected protocol has a higher performance other minimal energy usage, energy level aware and energy conserving routing protocols such as MTPR, MMECR and CMMECR.
Energy efficient load balanced routing protocol for wireless sensor networkscsandit
Telecommunications is increasingly vital to the society at large, and has become essential to
business, academic, as well as social activities. Due to the necessity to have access to
telecommunications, the deployment requires regulations and policy. Otherwise, the deployment
of the infrastructures would contribute to environment, and human complexities rather than
ease of use.
However, the formulation of telecommunication infrastructure deployment regulation and
policy involve agents such as people and processes. The roles of the agents are critical, and are
not as easy as it meant to belief. This could be attributed to different factors, as they produce
and reproduce themselves overtime.
This paper presents the result of a study which focused on the roles of agents in the formulation
of telecommunication infrastructures deployment regulation and policy. In the study, the
interactions that take place amongst human and non-human agents were investigated. The study
employed the duality of structure, of Structuration theory as lens to understand the effectiveness
of interactions in the formulation of regulations, and how policy is used to facilitate the
deployment of telecommunications infrastructure in the South African environment.
Implementing packet broadcasting algorithm of mimo based mobile ad hoc networ...IJNSA Journal
With the rapid growth of wireless communication infras,,tructure over the recent few years, new
challenges has been posed on the system and analysis on wireless adhoc networking. Implementation of
MIMO communication in such type of network is enhancing the packet transmission capabilities. There
are different techniques for cooperative transmission and broadcasting packet in MIMO equipped
Mobile Adhoc Network. We have employed a model network in the OPNET environment and propose a
new scheduling algorithm based on investigating the different broadcasting algorithm. The new
broadcasting algorithm improves the packet transmission rate of the network based on energy
performance of the network and minimizes the BER for different transmission mode which is illustrated
in this paper. The simulations are done in MATLAB and OPNET environment and the simulated result
for the packet transmission rate are collected and shown in the tabular form. Also simulate the network
for generating a comparative statement for each mobile node. And performance analysis is also done for
the model network. The main focus is to minimize BER and improve information efficiency of the
network.
Physical security with power beacon assisted in half-duplex relaying networks...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this research, we proposed and investigated physical security with power beacon assisted in half-duplex relaying networks over a Rayleigh fading channel. In this model, the source (S) node communicates with the destination (D) node via the helping of the intermediate relay (R) node. The D and R nodes harvest energy from the power beacon (PB) node in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (E) node. Then we derived the integral form of the system outage probability (OP) and closed form of the intercept probability (IP). The correctness of the analytical of the OP and IP is verified by the Monte Carlo simulation. The influence of the main system parameters on the OP and IP also is investigated. The research results indicated that the analytical results are the same as the simulation ones.
B ENCHMARKING OF C ELL T HROUGHPUT U SING P ROPORTIONAL F AIR S CHEDULE...ijwmn
The proportional fair (PF) scheduling algorithm com
promises between cell throughput and fairness. Many
research findings have been published by various re
searchers about PF algorithm based on mathematical
model and simulations. In this paper we have taken
the practical route to analyse the algorithm based
on
three types of subscription. In this benchmarking s
tudy, the user subscriptions are differentiated as
Gold,
Silver and Bronze schemes and they are provisioned
with certain throughputs. Apart from subscriptions
plans, the channel condition also plays a major rol
e in determining the throughput. So in order to ens
ure
fairness among different subscriptions even in the
bad channel conditions and to deliver the provision
ed
throughputs certain priorities are attached with th
e subscriptions. As per the subscription plans Gold
subscribers are assigned with 50% of the speed offe
red by the network as maximum based on CAT3 speed
(100 Mbps in DL and 50 Mbps in UL), Silver is assig
ned with 25% of the max speed and Bronze is
assigned with 12% of the max speed. The priorities
assigned to subscribers determines the fairness in
the
unfavourable channel conditions - Bronze (high), Si
lver and Gold (medium). In this paper, an
benchmarking tests have been performed with all of
three types of subscribers for nearly two hours in
the
live single cell network without any heterogeneous
cells influencing it. Furthermore, the results are
compared with the simulation results.
Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks - A SurveyIJERA Editor
Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) have been emerged as a revolutionary solution to migrate the spectrum
scarcity problem in wireless networks. Due to increasing demand for additional spectrum resources, CRNs have
been receiving significant research to solve issues related with spectrum underutilization. This technology
brings efficient spectrum usage and effective interference avoidance, and also brings new challenges to routing
in multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networks. In CRN, unlicensed users or secondary users are able to use
underutilized licensed channels, but they have to leave the channel if any interference is caused to the primary or
licensed users. So CR technology allows sharing of licensed spectrum band in opportunistic and non-interfering
manner. Different routing protocols have been proposed recently based on different design goals under different
assumptions.
A modified design of acf operation for reducing papr of ofdm signalijngnjournal
Next generation wireless communication technology long term evolution (LTE) has implemented
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique as a strong candidate for radio access
systems. It has several attributes such as providing robustness to multipath fading & impulse noise,
eliminating intersymbol interference (ISI), inter carrier interference (ICI) & the need for equalizers. The
major challenging issue of OFDM technique is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is
defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. A trade-off is
necessary for reducing PAPR with increasing bit error rate (BER), computational complexity or data rate
loss etc. In this paper, a moderately modified design of amplitude clipping & filtering operation (ACF) is
proposed and implemented which shows the significant improvement in case of PAPR reduction for both
quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) & quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) while increasing slight
BER match up to to an existing method.
COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MOBILITY A...eeiej_journal
A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) has a collection of numbers of wireless nodes which is each device in MANET having ability to free to move in any direction so that it is useful in all applications. In MANET nodes change position quite frequently, this means that we have need routing protocols that quickly adapts to topology changes. An ad-hoc network is self-organising and distributive in manner. The MANET is
works as router so that linked with the other nearest devices. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a
wireless network follows the multiple hop routing instead of static network infra to provide network connectivity. Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in all direction freewaysand will
therefore nodes change position in large networks all routing protocols. The routing protocols are needed for conveying information in Ad-hoc network there are various performance parameters to compare the Ad-hoc routing protocols.
Comparative Study for Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in Mobility a...eeiej
A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) has a collection of numbers of wireless nodes which is each device in
MANET having ability to free to move in any direction so that it is useful in all applications. In MANET
nodes change position quite frequently, this means that we have need routing protocols that quickly adapts
to topology changes. An ad-hoc network is self-organising and distributive in manner. The MANET is
works as router so that linked with the other nearest devices. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a
wireless network follows the multiple hop routing instead of static network infra to provide network
connectivity. Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in all direction freewaysand will
therefore nodes change position in large networks all routing protocols. The routing protocols are needed
for conveying information in Ad-hoc network there are various performance parameters to compare the
Ad-hoc routing protocols.
My area of interest in this paper to analyze the different performance parameters Recent research has
focused on simulation studies with mobility and non- mobility scenarios to investigate and improve routing
protocols. we have simulate the all three routing protocols in mobility as well as non-mobility scenario
with nodes up to 300 also plot the graphs throughput, Delay, PDR, Dropping Ratio, and average energy
consumption by using Network Simulator version 2.34. ).
An improved ant colony optimization algorithm for wire optimizationjournalBEEI
Wire optimization has become one of the greatest challenges in today’s circuit design. This paper presents a method for wire optimization in circuit routing using an improved ant colony optimization with Steiner nodes (ACOSN) algorithm. Circuit delay and power dissipation are primarily affected by the length of the routed wire. Thus, the main goal of this proposed algorithm is to find the shortest route from one point to another using an algorithm that relies on the artificial behavior of ants. The algorithm is implemented in the JAVA programming language. The proposed ACOSN algorithm is compared with the conventional ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm in terms of efficiency and routing performance when applied to three types of circuits: emitter-coupled logic, 741 output and a cascode amplifier. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed based on circuit information such as total wire routing, total number of nets, total wire reduction, terminals per net and total terminals. From the simulation analysis, it is shown that the proposed ACOSN algorithm gives the most benefit to complex circuits, where it successfully reduces the wire length by 21.52% for a cascode amplifier circuit, 14.49% for a 741 output circuit, and 10.43% for emitter-coupled logic circuit.
Performance evaluation of decode and forward cooperative diversity systems ov...IJECEIAES
Incremental relaying (IR) was developed to overcome the problems facing regular cooperative relaying methods. Out of the regular methods there is fixed relaying, in which, the relay transmits the source’s signal to the destination without considering the state of the channel. On the contrary, adaptive relaying techniques, including IR, are becoming popular among researchers nowadays; since they efficiently utilize the channel. In this paper, we studied the performance of a two-hop IR system that has decode and forward (DF) relays. Moreover, this system was analyzed over Nakagami-m fading channels, with the presence of various interferers positioned near the destination. As a result, the system suffered from co-channel interference. Remarkably, in this work, formulas were driven for the outage probability (OP) and the bit error rate (BER), and the assumptions were checked numerically.
Shortcut Path Tress for Zigbee based Wireless NetworkIJERA Editor
Neighbour Table based shortcut tree routing protocol provides the near optimal routing path as well as maintains the advantages of the ZigBee tree routing such as no route discovery overhead and low memory consumption. However, in Neighbour table based Shortcut tree routing the limitation is that route discovery is only on basis of Distance between Nodes; thus, it cannot provide optimized paths. Here, the concept of link quality factor between nodes along with the distance between two nodes to calculate the shortest path between source and destination. Where the Link quality will depend upon traffic between two nodes, higher the traffic lesser the link quality and vice versa. Score will be calculated for links which is function of Distance and Link Quality between nodes i.e score= f(d,lq), this is the idea proposed in OPTIMIZING ROUTING PATHS UING SHORTCUT TREES FOR ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS NETWORK.
Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of mobile devices connected through wireless. Nowadays mobile devices in mobile Ad-hoc network are battery operated. Battery is an important factor in MANET. Dynamic topology of mobile ad-hoc network and limited battery capacity are constrained on network life time. In this paper, we have presented variants of power aware techniques in an on-demand reactive routing protocol i.e. AODV which aims to prolong network lifetime. AODV is reactive protocol and it establish route on demand.
ZigBee has been developed to support lower data rates and low power consuming
applications. This paper targets to analyze various parameters of ZigBee physical (PHY).
Performance of ZigBee PHY is evaluated on the basis of energy consumption in
transmitting and receiving mode and throughput. Effect of variation in network size is
studied on these performance attributes. Some modulation schemes are also compared and
the best modulation scheme is suggested with tradeoffs between different performance
metrics.
An approach to control inter cellular interference using load matrix in multi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper deals with reduction of inter cellular interference in Multi-carrier communication systems. In the past, Load Matrix(LM) is proposed to allocate power to different users in a network based upon Signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) so as to reduce inter cellular interference and is observed for single carrier systems. In Multi carrier systems the SNIR is affected distinctly in each carrier thus a single SNIR for power allocation is not optimal. In this paper, to obtain the optimization of power allocation in Multi-Carrier system, Load Matrix coding with bifurcated SNIR (LM-BFSNIR) is proposed. Using this approach it is observed that inter cellular interference is reduced better when compared to a single carrier system evaluated over a 3GPP-LTE standard.
Keywords−Power allocation, Inter cellular interference, Multi-Carrier mobile Communication system.
Macro with pico cells (hetnets) system behaviour using well known scheduling ...ijwmn
This paper demonstrates the concept of using Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) to improve Long Term Evolution (LTE) system by introducing the LTE Advance (LTE-A). The type of HetNets that has been chosen for this study is Macro with Pico cells. Comparing the system performance with and without Pico cells has clearly illustrated using three well-known scheduling algorithms (Proportional Fair PF, Maximum Largest Weighted Delay First MLWDF and Exponential/Proportional Fair EXP/PF). The system is judged based on throughput, Packet Loss Ratio PLR, delay and fairness.. A simulation platform called LTE-Sim has been used to collect the data and produce the paper’s outcomes and graphs. The results prove that adding Pico cells enhances the overall system performance. From the simulation outcomes, the overall system performance is as follows: throughput is duplicated or tripled based on the number of users, the PLR is almost quartered, the delay is nearly reduced ten times (PF case) and changed to be a half (MLWDF/EXP cases), and the fairness stays closer to value of 1. It is considered an efficient and cost effective way to increase the throughput, coverage and reduce the latency.
COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS COMBINATION DIVERSITY TECHNIQUES AND OPTIMAL POWER...ijaceeejournal
The main task of this article is to focus on the performance of cooperative MIMO relaying in terms of data rate and Power. Furthermore, compare these performances when using Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) and equal gain combining (EGC).The average SNR improvement of MRC is typically about 5 dB better than with EGC and direct link.The preciseness of the derived closed form expression of optimum power allocation of the DF-based relaying system is demonstrated by simulation results.
Performance of symmetric and asymmetric links in wireless networks IJECEIAES
Wireless networks are designed to provide the enabling infrastructure for emerging technological advancements. The main characteristics of wireless networks are: Mobility, power constraints, high packet loss, and lower bandwidth. Nodes’ mobility is a crucial consideration for wireless networks, as nodes are moving all the time, and this may result in loss of connectivity in the network. The goal of this work is to explore the effect of replacing the generally held assumption of symmetric radii for wireless networks with asymmetric radii. This replacement may have a direct impact on the connectivity, throughput, and collision avoidance mechanism of mobile networks. The proposed replacement may also impact other mobile protocol’s functionality. In this work, we are mainly concerned with building and maintaining fully connected wireless network with the asymmetric assumption. For this extent, we propose to study the effect of the asymmetric links assumption on the network performance using extensive simulation experiments. Extensive simulation experiments were performed to measure the impact of these parameters. Finally, a resource allocation scheme for wireless networks is proposed for the dual rate scenario. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using simulation.
Mobile Primary User in Cognitive Radio State of the Arts and Recent Advancesjosephjonse
The processing of primary user mobility with static or mobile secondary user in the context of cognitive radio (CR) has recently been the subject of several studies and discussions all over the world. These studies are seeking to broaden the horizons of CR implementation beyond the formalism described in the diverse existing standards. The mobility of primary users is likely to reduce the overall performance of the Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) and affects the different phases of the cognitive cycle. Said mobility alters the network’s topology, the channel’s availability, and affects spectrum sensing. This makes any endeavor aiming to implement CR technology complicated. This paper is devoted to the analysis and discussion of the scientific literature that has addressed the issue of the primary user’s mobility.
Index modulation is one of the promising techniques for future communications systems due to many improvement over the classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems such as single RF chain, increased throughput for the same modulation order, achieved tradeoff between the efficiencies of the power and the spectral, and elimination of inter-channel interference. Many forms of index modulation researches exist where symbols are conveyed in antennas, subcarriers, time slots, and the space-time matrix. Spatial modulation is one member of index modulation family where symbols are conveyed in activating transmit/receive antennas. In this paper, a modification to a standard multiple input single output scheme by integrating spatial modulation using simplified mathematical procedure is achieved. In the transmitter side, data and activation symbols are distributed simultaneously using mathematical module and floor functions. At the receiver, a simplified maximum likelihood detector is used to obtain transmitted pair of symbols. To verify this, MATLAB simulink is used to simulate a downlink system where spatial modulation is applied to a base station. Results for different transmit antenna number and modulation order are obtained in the form of bit error rate versus signal to noise ratio.
System Performance Analysis of Half-Duplex Relay Network over Rician Fading C...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, the system performance of an amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network over
Rician Fading Channel is proposed, analyzed and demonstrated. For details this analysis, the energy and
information are transferred from the source to the relay nodes by two methods: 1) time switching protocol
and 2) power splitting protocol. Firstly, due to the constraint of the wireless energy harvesting at the relay
node, the analytical mathematical expressions of the achievable throughput and the outage probability of
both schemes were proposed and demonstrated. After that, the effect of various system parameters on the
system performance is rigorously studied with closed-form expressions for the system performance.
Finally, the analytical results are also demonstrated by Monte-Carlo simulation in comparison with the
closed-form expressions. The numerical results demonstrated the effect of various system parameters,
such as energy harvesting time, power splitting ratio, source transmission to noise power, and the
threshold value, on the system performance of AF wireless relay nodes. The results show that the
analytical mathematical and simulated results match for all possible parameter values for both schemes.
Hybrid decode-amplify and forward protocol of FD EH relaying network: outage ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Nowadays, many research papers focus on the WPCN problem and how to improve its
efficiency. In this research, we propose and investigate Hybrid Decode-Amplify and Forward Protocol
(HDAF) of the Full-Duplex (FD) Energy Harvesting (EH) Relaying Network with the Time Switching (TS)
protocol. In the beginning stage, we present the HDAF mode, which can be work like a
Decode-and-Amplify (DF) or Amplify-and-Forward (AF) modes based on the best of its performance in the
FD EH relaying network. Furthermore, the closed-form expression of the outage probability (OT) is
analyzed and derived in connection with the primary system parameters. Besides, the comparison of
the system performance in the AF, DF, and HDAF is proposed and investigated. Finally, all the results are
convinced by the Monte Carlo simulation for all cases.
Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks - A SurveyIJERA Editor
Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) have been emerged as a revolutionary solution to migrate the spectrum
scarcity problem in wireless networks. Due to increasing demand for additional spectrum resources, CRNs have
been receiving significant research to solve issues related with spectrum underutilization. This technology
brings efficient spectrum usage and effective interference avoidance, and also brings new challenges to routing
in multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networks. In CRN, unlicensed users or secondary users are able to use
underutilized licensed channels, but they have to leave the channel if any interference is caused to the primary or
licensed users. So CR technology allows sharing of licensed spectrum band in opportunistic and non-interfering
manner. Different routing protocols have been proposed recently based on different design goals under different
assumptions.
A modified design of acf operation for reducing papr of ofdm signalijngnjournal
Next generation wireless communication technology long term evolution (LTE) has implemented
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique as a strong candidate for radio access
systems. It has several attributes such as providing robustness to multipath fading & impulse noise,
eliminating intersymbol interference (ISI), inter carrier interference (ICI) & the need for equalizers. The
major challenging issue of OFDM technique is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is
defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. A trade-off is
necessary for reducing PAPR with increasing bit error rate (BER), computational complexity or data rate
loss etc. In this paper, a moderately modified design of amplitude clipping & filtering operation (ACF) is
proposed and implemented which shows the significant improvement in case of PAPR reduction for both
quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) & quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) while increasing slight
BER match up to to an existing method.
COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MOBILITY A...eeiej_journal
A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) has a collection of numbers of wireless nodes which is each device in MANET having ability to free to move in any direction so that it is useful in all applications. In MANET nodes change position quite frequently, this means that we have need routing protocols that quickly adapts to topology changes. An ad-hoc network is self-organising and distributive in manner. The MANET is
works as router so that linked with the other nearest devices. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a
wireless network follows the multiple hop routing instead of static network infra to provide network connectivity. Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in all direction freewaysand will
therefore nodes change position in large networks all routing protocols. The routing protocols are needed for conveying information in Ad-hoc network there are various performance parameters to compare the Ad-hoc routing protocols.
Comparative Study for Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in Mobility a...eeiej
A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) has a collection of numbers of wireless nodes which is each device in
MANET having ability to free to move in any direction so that it is useful in all applications. In MANET
nodes change position quite frequently, this means that we have need routing protocols that quickly adapts
to topology changes. An ad-hoc network is self-organising and distributive in manner. The MANET is
works as router so that linked with the other nearest devices. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a
wireless network follows the multiple hop routing instead of static network infra to provide network
connectivity. Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in all direction freewaysand will
therefore nodes change position in large networks all routing protocols. The routing protocols are needed
for conveying information in Ad-hoc network there are various performance parameters to compare the
Ad-hoc routing protocols.
My area of interest in this paper to analyze the different performance parameters Recent research has
focused on simulation studies with mobility and non- mobility scenarios to investigate and improve routing
protocols. we have simulate the all three routing protocols in mobility as well as non-mobility scenario
with nodes up to 300 also plot the graphs throughput, Delay, PDR, Dropping Ratio, and average energy
consumption by using Network Simulator version 2.34. ).
An improved ant colony optimization algorithm for wire optimizationjournalBEEI
Wire optimization has become one of the greatest challenges in today’s circuit design. This paper presents a method for wire optimization in circuit routing using an improved ant colony optimization with Steiner nodes (ACOSN) algorithm. Circuit delay and power dissipation are primarily affected by the length of the routed wire. Thus, the main goal of this proposed algorithm is to find the shortest route from one point to another using an algorithm that relies on the artificial behavior of ants. The algorithm is implemented in the JAVA programming language. The proposed ACOSN algorithm is compared with the conventional ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm in terms of efficiency and routing performance when applied to three types of circuits: emitter-coupled logic, 741 output and a cascode amplifier. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed based on circuit information such as total wire routing, total number of nets, total wire reduction, terminals per net and total terminals. From the simulation analysis, it is shown that the proposed ACOSN algorithm gives the most benefit to complex circuits, where it successfully reduces the wire length by 21.52% for a cascode amplifier circuit, 14.49% for a 741 output circuit, and 10.43% for emitter-coupled logic circuit.
Performance evaluation of decode and forward cooperative diversity systems ov...IJECEIAES
Incremental relaying (IR) was developed to overcome the problems facing regular cooperative relaying methods. Out of the regular methods there is fixed relaying, in which, the relay transmits the source’s signal to the destination without considering the state of the channel. On the contrary, adaptive relaying techniques, including IR, are becoming popular among researchers nowadays; since they efficiently utilize the channel. In this paper, we studied the performance of a two-hop IR system that has decode and forward (DF) relays. Moreover, this system was analyzed over Nakagami-m fading channels, with the presence of various interferers positioned near the destination. As a result, the system suffered from co-channel interference. Remarkably, in this work, formulas were driven for the outage probability (OP) and the bit error rate (BER), and the assumptions were checked numerically.
Shortcut Path Tress for Zigbee based Wireless NetworkIJERA Editor
Neighbour Table based shortcut tree routing protocol provides the near optimal routing path as well as maintains the advantages of the ZigBee tree routing such as no route discovery overhead and low memory consumption. However, in Neighbour table based Shortcut tree routing the limitation is that route discovery is only on basis of Distance between Nodes; thus, it cannot provide optimized paths. Here, the concept of link quality factor between nodes along with the distance between two nodes to calculate the shortest path between source and destination. Where the Link quality will depend upon traffic between two nodes, higher the traffic lesser the link quality and vice versa. Score will be calculated for links which is function of Distance and Link Quality between nodes i.e score= f(d,lq), this is the idea proposed in OPTIMIZING ROUTING PATHS UING SHORTCUT TREES FOR ZIGBEE BASED WIRELESS NETWORK.
Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a self-configuring network of mobile devices connected through wireless. Nowadays mobile devices in mobile Ad-hoc network are battery operated. Battery is an important factor in MANET. Dynamic topology of mobile ad-hoc network and limited battery capacity are constrained on network life time. In this paper, we have presented variants of power aware techniques in an on-demand reactive routing protocol i.e. AODV which aims to prolong network lifetime. AODV is reactive protocol and it establish route on demand.
ZigBee has been developed to support lower data rates and low power consuming
applications. This paper targets to analyze various parameters of ZigBee physical (PHY).
Performance of ZigBee PHY is evaluated on the basis of energy consumption in
transmitting and receiving mode and throughput. Effect of variation in network size is
studied on these performance attributes. Some modulation schemes are also compared and
the best modulation scheme is suggested with tradeoffs between different performance
metrics.
An approach to control inter cellular interference using load matrix in multi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper deals with reduction of inter cellular interference in Multi-carrier communication systems. In the past, Load Matrix(LM) is proposed to allocate power to different users in a network based upon Signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) so as to reduce inter cellular interference and is observed for single carrier systems. In Multi carrier systems the SNIR is affected distinctly in each carrier thus a single SNIR for power allocation is not optimal. In this paper, to obtain the optimization of power allocation in Multi-Carrier system, Load Matrix coding with bifurcated SNIR (LM-BFSNIR) is proposed. Using this approach it is observed that inter cellular interference is reduced better when compared to a single carrier system evaluated over a 3GPP-LTE standard.
Keywords−Power allocation, Inter cellular interference, Multi-Carrier mobile Communication system.
Macro with pico cells (hetnets) system behaviour using well known scheduling ...ijwmn
This paper demonstrates the concept of using Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) to improve Long Term Evolution (LTE) system by introducing the LTE Advance (LTE-A). The type of HetNets that has been chosen for this study is Macro with Pico cells. Comparing the system performance with and without Pico cells has clearly illustrated using three well-known scheduling algorithms (Proportional Fair PF, Maximum Largest Weighted Delay First MLWDF and Exponential/Proportional Fair EXP/PF). The system is judged based on throughput, Packet Loss Ratio PLR, delay and fairness.. A simulation platform called LTE-Sim has been used to collect the data and produce the paper’s outcomes and graphs. The results prove that adding Pico cells enhances the overall system performance. From the simulation outcomes, the overall system performance is as follows: throughput is duplicated or tripled based on the number of users, the PLR is almost quartered, the delay is nearly reduced ten times (PF case) and changed to be a half (MLWDF/EXP cases), and the fairness stays closer to value of 1. It is considered an efficient and cost effective way to increase the throughput, coverage and reduce the latency.
COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS COMBINATION DIVERSITY TECHNIQUES AND OPTIMAL POWER...ijaceeejournal
The main task of this article is to focus on the performance of cooperative MIMO relaying in terms of data rate and Power. Furthermore, compare these performances when using Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) and equal gain combining (EGC).The average SNR improvement of MRC is typically about 5 dB better than with EGC and direct link.The preciseness of the derived closed form expression of optimum power allocation of the DF-based relaying system is demonstrated by simulation results.
Performance of symmetric and asymmetric links in wireless networks IJECEIAES
Wireless networks are designed to provide the enabling infrastructure for emerging technological advancements. The main characteristics of wireless networks are: Mobility, power constraints, high packet loss, and lower bandwidth. Nodes’ mobility is a crucial consideration for wireless networks, as nodes are moving all the time, and this may result in loss of connectivity in the network. The goal of this work is to explore the effect of replacing the generally held assumption of symmetric radii for wireless networks with asymmetric radii. This replacement may have a direct impact on the connectivity, throughput, and collision avoidance mechanism of mobile networks. The proposed replacement may also impact other mobile protocol’s functionality. In this work, we are mainly concerned with building and maintaining fully connected wireless network with the asymmetric assumption. For this extent, we propose to study the effect of the asymmetric links assumption on the network performance using extensive simulation experiments. Extensive simulation experiments were performed to measure the impact of these parameters. Finally, a resource allocation scheme for wireless networks is proposed for the dual rate scenario. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using simulation.
Mobile Primary User in Cognitive Radio State of the Arts and Recent Advancesjosephjonse
The processing of primary user mobility with static or mobile secondary user in the context of cognitive radio (CR) has recently been the subject of several studies and discussions all over the world. These studies are seeking to broaden the horizons of CR implementation beyond the formalism described in the diverse existing standards. The mobility of primary users is likely to reduce the overall performance of the Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) and affects the different phases of the cognitive cycle. Said mobility alters the network’s topology, the channel’s availability, and affects spectrum sensing. This makes any endeavor aiming to implement CR technology complicated. This paper is devoted to the analysis and discussion of the scientific literature that has addressed the issue of the primary user’s mobility.
Index modulation is one of the promising techniques for future communications systems due to many improvement over the classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems such as single RF chain, increased throughput for the same modulation order, achieved tradeoff between the efficiencies of the power and the spectral, and elimination of inter-channel interference. Many forms of index modulation researches exist where symbols are conveyed in antennas, subcarriers, time slots, and the space-time matrix. Spatial modulation is one member of index modulation family where symbols are conveyed in activating transmit/receive antennas. In this paper, a modification to a standard multiple input single output scheme by integrating spatial modulation using simplified mathematical procedure is achieved. In the transmitter side, data and activation symbols are distributed simultaneously using mathematical module and floor functions. At the receiver, a simplified maximum likelihood detector is used to obtain transmitted pair of symbols. To verify this, MATLAB simulink is used to simulate a downlink system where spatial modulation is applied to a base station. Results for different transmit antenna number and modulation order are obtained in the form of bit error rate versus signal to noise ratio.
System Performance Analysis of Half-Duplex Relay Network over Rician Fading C...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, the system performance of an amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network over
Rician Fading Channel is proposed, analyzed and demonstrated. For details this analysis, the energy and
information are transferred from the source to the relay nodes by two methods: 1) time switching protocol
and 2) power splitting protocol. Firstly, due to the constraint of the wireless energy harvesting at the relay
node, the analytical mathematical expressions of the achievable throughput and the outage probability of
both schemes were proposed and demonstrated. After that, the effect of various system parameters on the
system performance is rigorously studied with closed-form expressions for the system performance.
Finally, the analytical results are also demonstrated by Monte-Carlo simulation in comparison with the
closed-form expressions. The numerical results demonstrated the effect of various system parameters,
such as energy harvesting time, power splitting ratio, source transmission to noise power, and the
threshold value, on the system performance of AF wireless relay nodes. The results show that the
analytical mathematical and simulated results match for all possible parameter values for both schemes.
Hybrid decode-amplify and forward protocol of FD EH relaying network: outage ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Nowadays, many research papers focus on the WPCN problem and how to improve its
efficiency. In this research, we propose and investigate Hybrid Decode-Amplify and Forward Protocol
(HDAF) of the Full-Duplex (FD) Energy Harvesting (EH) Relaying Network with the Time Switching (TS)
protocol. In the beginning stage, we present the HDAF mode, which can be work like a
Decode-and-Amplify (DF) or Amplify-and-Forward (AF) modes based on the best of its performance in the
FD EH relaying network. Furthermore, the closed-form expression of the outage probability (OT) is
analyzed and derived in connection with the primary system parameters. Besides, the comparison of
the system performance in the AF, DF, and HDAF is proposed and investigated. Finally, all the results are
convinced by the Monte Carlo simulation for all cases.
Performance analysis for power-splitting energy harvesting based two-way full...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Energy harvesting relay network is considered as the promising solution for a wireless
communication network in our time. In this research, we present and demonstrate the system performance
of the energy harvesting based two-way full-duplex relaying network over Nakagami-m fading
environment. Firstly, we propose the analytical expressions of the achievable throughput and outage
probability of the proposed system. In the second step, the effect of various system parameters on
the system performance is presented and investigated. In the final step, the analytical results are also
demonstrated by Monte-Carlo simulation. The numerical results demonstrated and convinced
the analytical and the simulation results are agreed with each other.
On the performance of energy harvesting AF partial relay selection with TAS a...IJECEIAES
Energy scarcity has been known to be one of the most noticeable challenges in wireless communication system. In this paper, the performance of an energy harvesting based partial relay selection (PRS) cooperative system with transmit antenna selection (TAS) and outdated channel state information (CSI) is investigated. The system dual-hops links are assumed to follow Rayleigh distribution and the relay selection is based on outdated CSI of the first link. To realize the benefit of multiple antenna, the amplified-andforward (AF) relay nodes then employs the TAS technique for signal transmission and signal reception is achieved at the destination through maximum ratio combining (MRC) scheme. Thus, the closed-form expression for the system equivalent end-to-end cumulative distribution function (CDF) is derived. Based on this, the analytical closed-form expressions for the outage probability, average bit error rate, and throughput for the delaylimited transmission mode are then obtained. The results illustrated that the energy harvesting time, relay distance, channel correlation coefficient, the number of relay transmit antennas and destination received antenna have significant effect on the system performance. Monte-carol simulation is employed to validate the accuracy of the derived expressions.
This paper measures end-to-end (e2e) throughput of power beacon-assisted multi-hop decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme adopting non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and transmit antenna selection (TAS)/selection combining (SC). Particularly, TAS/SC and NOMA are adopted at each hop to relay different data of a source to multiple destinations. Moreover, the transmitters including source and relays have to harvest wireless energy from radio frequency (RF) signals from a power beacon. We also propose a simple and efficient power allocation method for the signals transmitted at each hop. For performance measurement and comparison, we provide closed-form formulas of the e2e throughput over Rayleigh fading channel. We then verify our derivations by computer simulations as well as compare the e2e throughput performance between our scheme and the corresponding one that does not use NOMA.
Hybrid Time-power Switching Protocol of Energy Harvesting Bidirectional Relay...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, we investigate system performance in term of throughput and ergodic capacity of the hybrid time-power switching protocol of energy harvesting bidirectional relaying network. In the first stage, the analytical expression of the system throughput and ergodic capacity of the model system is proposed and derived. In this analysis, both delay-limited and delay-tolerant transmission modes are presented and considered. After that, the effect of various system parameters on the proposed system is investigated and demonstrated by Monte-Carlo simulation. Finally, the results show that the analytical mathematical and simulated results match for all possible parameter values for both schemes.
Physical layer security in DF full-duplex relaying network: performance analysisnooriasukmaningtyas
In this letter, the system performance of the DF full-duplex (FD) relaying
communication network is investigated with physical layer security (PLS). In
this system model, the source (S) and the destination (D) communicate via a
helping relay (R) in the presence of the eavesdropper (E). From the system
model, we derive the closed-form expressions for intercept probability (IP)
and secrecy outage probability (SOP). For verifying the correctness of the
analytical analysis, the Monte Carlo simulation is conducted. In addition, the
influence of the main system parameter on the system performance is
investigated. Finally, the results show that the analytical and the simulation
values agree well with each other.
Throughput analysis of non-orthogonal multiple access and orthogonal multipl...IJECEIAES
This study introduces the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique into the wireless energy harvesting K-hop relay network to increase throughput. The relays have no dedicated energy source and thus depend on energy harvested by wireless from a power beacon (PB). Recently, NOMA has been promoted as a technology with the potential to enhance connectivity, reduce latency, increase fairness amongst users, and raise spectral effectiveness compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) technology. For performance considerations, we derive exact throughput expressions for NOMA and OMA-assisted multi-hop relaying and compare the performance between the two. The obtained results are validated via Monte Carlo simulations.
Performance analysis of adaptive filter channel estimated MIMO OFDM communica...IJECEIAES
Advanced Communication Systems are wideband systems to support multiple applications such as audio, video and data so and so forth. These systems require high spectral efficiency and data rates. In addition, they should provide multipath fading and inter-symbol interference (ISI) free transmission. Multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) meets these requirements Hence, MIMOOFDM is the most preferable technique for long term evaluation advanced (LTEA). The primary objective of this paper is to control bit error rate (BER) by proper channel coding, pilot carriers, adaptive filter channel estimation schemes and space time coding (STC). A combination of any of these schemes results in better BER performance over individual schemes. System performance is analyzed for various digital modulation schemes. In this paper, adaptive filter channel estimated MIMO OFDM system is proposed by integrating channel coding, adaptive filter channel estimation, digital modulation and space time coding. From the simulation results, channel estimated 2×2 MIMO OFDM system shows superior performance over individual schemes.
Spectrum Sharing Analysis of Cognitive System Through Enery Harvesting and In...ijtsrd
In this letter, a novel approach for solving the power and spectrum issues in wireless sensor network WSN has been proposed. Typically, a deployed sensor node is programmed to periodically send the data to the central base station CBS . Moreover, most of the sensor nodes are deployed in a hostile environment where replacing a power supply may not be feasible. In the proposed work, we intend to solve the dual problem of spectrum and power for WSN by utilizing techniques such as cooperative spectrum sharing CSS and RF radio frequency energy harvesting, respectively. Specifically, by characterizing the WSN as an energy constrained secondary user, which will harvest power and spectrum from the primary user, we have shown that significant performance gains can be obtained for both primary and secondary users. Closed form expressions for outage prob ability under a Nakagami fading channel have been derived for both primary and secondary users. Furthermore, the theoretical results have been compared with simulation results to validate the proposed analysis. Gurvinder Singh | Rashmi Raj ""Spectrum Sharing Analysis of Cognitive System Through Enery Harvesting and Interference Negligence Technique"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23756.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23756/spectrum-sharing-analysis-of-cognitive-system-through-enery-harvesting-and-interference-negligence-technique/gurvinder-singh
Performance enhancement of wireless sensor network by using non-orthogonal mu...nooriasukmaningtyas
In this paper, we investigate a relaying wireless sensor network (WSN) with
the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and sensor node selection
schemes over rayleigh fading. Precisely, the system consists of two sensor
clusters, a sink node, and an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. These sensors
applying the NOMA and sensor node selection schemes transmit the sensing
data from the sensor clusters via the relay to the sink. We derived the
expressions of outage probability and throughput for two sensor nodes. We
also provide numerical results to examine the behavior of the system. Finally,
we verify the validity of our analysis by using the monte-carlo simulation.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MIMO COOPERATIVE NETWORKS WITH ENERGY HARVESTING SENSOR ...ijasuc
This paper addresses the maximizing network lifetime problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) taking
into account the total Symbol Error rate (SER) at destination. Therefore, efficient power management is
needed for extend network lifetime. Our approach consists to provide the optimal transmission power
using the orthogonal multiple access channels between each sensor. In order to deeply study the
properties of our approach, firstly, the simple case is considered; the information sensed by the source
node passes by a single relay before reaching the destination node. Secondly, global case is studied; the
information passes by several relays. We consider, in the previous both cases, that the batteries are nonrechargeable. Thirdly, we spread our work the case where the batteries are rechargeable with unlimited
storage capacity. In all three cases, we suppose that Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) is used as a
detector, and Amplify and Forward (AF) as a relaying strategy. Simulation results show the viability of
our approach which the network lifetime is extended of more than 70.72%when the batteries are non
rechargeable and 100.51% when the batteries are rechargeable in comparison with other traditional
method.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MIMO COOPERATIVE NETWORKS WITH ENERGY HARVESTING SENSOR ...ijasuc
This paper addresses the maximizing network lifetime problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) taking
into account the total Symbol Error rate (SER) at destination. Therefore, efficient power management is
needed for extend network lifetime. Our approach consists to provide the optimal transmission power
using the orthogonal multiple access channels between each sensor. In order to deeply study the
properties of our approach, firstly, the simple case is considered; the information sensed by the source
node passes by a single relay before reaching the destination node. Secondly, global case is studied; the
information passes by several relays. We consider, in the previous both cases, that the batteries are nonrechargeable. Thirdly, we spread our work the case where the batteries are rechargeable with unlimited
storage capacity. In all three cases, we suppose that Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) is used as a
detector, and Amplify and Forward (AF) as a relaying strategy. Simulation results show the viability of
our approach which the network lifetime is extended of more than 70.72%when the batteries are non
rechargeable and 100.51% when the batteries are rechargeable in comparison with other traditional
method.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING PROTOCOL FOR CLUSTER HE...ijp2p
Wireless sensor network are emerging in various fields like environmental monitoring, mining, surveillance
system, medical monitoring. LEACH protocol is one of the predominantly used clustering routing protocols
in wireless sensor networks. In Leach each node has equal chance to become a cluster head which make
the energy dissipated of each node be moderately balanced. We have pioneered an improved algorithm
named as Novel Leach based on Leach protocol. The proposed algorithm shows the significant
improvement in network lifetime .Comparison of proposed algorithm is done with basic leach in terms of
network life time, cluster head selection, energy consumption, and data transmission to base station. The
simulation results shows that proposed algorithm can reduce network energy consumption and prolong
network life commendably. Simulation of our protocol is done with Matlab.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING PROTOCOL FOR CLUSTER HE...ijp2p
Wireless sensor network are emerging in various fields like environmental monitoring, mining, surveillance
system, medical monitoring. LEACH protocol is one of the predominantly used clustering routing protocols
in wireless sensor networks. In Leach each node has equal chance to become a cluster head which make
the energy dissipated of each node be moderately balanced. We have pioneered an improved algorithm
named as Novel Leach based on Leach protocol. The proposed algorithm shows the significant
improvement in network lifetime .Comparison of proposed algorithm is done with basic leach in terms of
network life time, cluster head selection, energy consumption, and data transmission to base station. The
simulation results shows that proposed algorithm can reduce network energy consumption and prolong
network life commendably. Simulation of our protocol is done with Matlab.
Similar to User selection protocols in FD PSP EH cooperative network over rayleigh fading channel: outage and intercept probability (20)
The aim of this research is the speed tracking of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using an intelligent Neural-Network based adapative backstepping control. First, the model of PMSM in the Park synchronous frame is derived. Then, the PMSM speed regulation is investigated using the classical method utilizing the field oriented control theory. Thereafter, a robust nonlinear controller employing an adaptive backstepping strategy is investigated in order to achieve a good performance tracking objective under motor parameters changing and external load torque application. In the final step, a neural network estimator is integrated with the adaptive controller to estimate the motor parameters values and the load disturbance value for enhancing the effectiveness of the adaptive backstepping controller. The robsutness of the presented control algorithm is demonstrated using simulation tests. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that the presented NN-adaptive control algorithm can provide good trackingperformances for the speed trackingin the presence of motor parameter variation and load application.
This paper presents a fast and accurate fault detection, classification and direction discrimination algorithm of transmission lines using one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs) that have ingrained adaptive model to avoid the feature extraction difficulties and fault classification into one learning algorithm. A proposed algorithm is directly usable with raw data and this deletes the need of a discrete feature extraction method resulting in more effective protective system. The proposed approach based on the three-phase voltages and currents signals of one end at the relay location in the transmission line system are taken as input to the proposed 1D-CNN algorithm. A 132kV power transmission line is simulated by Matlab simulink to prepare the training and testing data for the proposed 1D- CNN algorithm. The testing accuracy of the proposed algorithm is compared with other two conventional methods which are neural network and fuzzy neural network. The results of test explain that the new proposed detection system is efficient and fast for classifying and direction discrimination of fault in transmission line with high accuracy as compared with other conventional methods under various conditions of faults.
Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.
In this paper, the artificial neural network (ANN) has been utilized for rotating machinery faults detection and classification. First, experiments were performed to measure the lateral vibration signals of laboratory test rigs for rotor-disk-blade when the blades are defective. A rotor-disk-blade system with 6 regular blades and 5 blades with various defects was constructed. Second, the ANN was applied to classify the different x- and y-axis lateral vibrations due to different blade faults. The results based on training and testing with different data samples of the fault types indicate that the ANN is robust and can effectively identify and distinguish different blade faults caused by lateral vibrations in a rotor. As compared to the literature, the present paper presents a novel work of identifying and classifying various rotating blade faults commonly encountered in rotating machines using ANN. Experimental data of lateral vibrations of the rotor-disk-blade system in both x- and y-directions are used for the training and testing of the network.
This paper focuses on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is a nonlinear optimization problem. is proposed to find the optimal power flow (OPF). To solve this problem, we will apply the ABC algorithm to a power system incorporating wind power. The proposed approach is applied on a standard IEEE-30 system with wind farms located on different buses and with different penetration levels to show the impact of wind farms on the system in order to obtain the optimal settings of control variables of the OPF problem. Based on technical results obtained, the ABC algorithm is shown to achieve a lower cost and losses than the other methods applied, while incorporating wind power into the system, high performance would be gained.
The significance of the solar energy is to intensify the effectiveness of the Solar Panel with the use of a primordial solar tracking system. Here we propounded a solar positioning system with the use of the global positioning system (GPS) , artificial neural network (ANN) and image processing (IP) . The azimuth angle of the sun is evaluated using GPS which provide latitude, date, longitude and time. The image processing used to find sun image through which centroid of sun is calculated and finally by comparing the centroid of sun with GPS quadrate to achieve optimum tracking point. Weather conditions and situation observed through AI decision making with the help of IP algorithms. The presented advance adaptation is analyzed and established via experimental effects which might be made available on the memory of the cloud carrier for systematization. The proposed system improve power gain by 59.21% and 10.32% compare to stable system (SS) and two-axis solar following system (TASF) respectively. The reduced tracking error of IoT based Two-axis solar following system (IoT-TASF) reduces their azimuth angle error by 0.20 degree.
Kosovo has limited renewable energy resources and its power generation sector is based on fossil fuels. Such a situation emphasizes the importance of active research and efficient use of renewable energy potential. According to the analysis of meteorological data for Kosovo, it can be concluded that among the most attractive potential wind power sites are the locations known as Kitka (42° 29' 41" N and 21° 36' 45" E) and Koznica (42° 39′ 32″ N, 21° 22′30″E). The two terrains in which the analysis was carried out are mountain areas, with altitudes of 1142 m (Kitka) and 1230 m (Koznica). the same measuring height, about 84 m above the ground, is obtained for these average wind speeds: Kitka 6,667 m/s and Koznica 6,16 m/s. Since the difference in wind speed is quite large versus a difference in altitude that is not being very large, analyses are made regarding the terrain characteristics including the terrain relief features. In this paper it will be studied how much the roughness of the terrain influences the output energy. Also, that the assumption to be taken the same as to how much they will affect the annual energy produced.
Large-scale grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) station are increasing rapidly. However, this large penetration of PV system creates frequency fluctuation in the grid due to the intermittency of solar irradiance. Therefore, in this paper, a robust droop control mechanism of the battery energy storage system (BESS) is developed in order to damp the frequency fluctuation of the multi-machine grid system due to variable active power injected from the PV panel. The proposed droop control strategy incorporates frequency error signal and dead-band for effective minimization of frequency fluctuation. The BESS system is used to consume/inject an effective amount of active power based upon the frequency oscillation of the grid system. The simulation analysis is carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC software to prove the effectiveness of the proposed droop control-based BESS system. The simulation result implies that the proposed scheme can efficiently curtail the frequency oscillation.
This study investigates experimentally the performance of two-dimensional solar tracking systems with reflector using commercial silicon based photovoltaic module, with open and closed loop control systems. Different reflector materials were also investigated. The experiments were performed at the Hashemite University campus in Zarqa at a latitude of 32⁰, in February and March. Photovoltaic output power and performance were analyzed. It was found that the modified photovoltaic module with mirror reflector generated the highest value of power, while the temperature reached a maximum value of 53 ̊ C. The modified module suggested in this study produced 5% more PV power than the two-dimensional solar tracking systems without reflector and produced 12.5% more PV power than the fixed PV module with 26⁰ tilt angle.
This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
This paper deals with an advanced design for a pump powered by solar energyto supply agricultural lands with water and also the maximum power point is used to extract the maximum value of the energy available inside the solar panels and comparing between techniques MPPT such as Incremental conductance, perturb & observe, fractional short current circuit, and fractional open voltage circuit to find the best technique among these. The solar system is designed with main parts: photovoltaic (PV) panel, direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter, inverter, filter, and in addition, the battery is used to save energy in the event that there is an increased demand for energy and not to provide solar radiation, as well as saving energy in the case of generation more than demand. This work was done using the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) simulink program.
The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of renewable energy resources in Bangladesh, as well as to examine various forms of renewable energies in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of how to address Bangladesh's power crisis issues in a sustainable manner. Electricity is currently the most useful kind of energy in Bangladesh. It has a substantial influence on a country's socioeconomic standing and living standards. Maintaining a stable source of energy at a cost that is affordable to everyone has been a constant battle for decades. Bangladesh is blessed with a wealth of natural resources. Bangladesh has a huge opportunity to accelerate its economic development while increasing energy access, livelihoods, and health for millions of people in a sustainable way due to the renewable energy system.
When the irradiance distribution over the photovoltaic panels is uniform, the pursuit of the maximum power point is not reached, which has allowed several researchers to use traditional MPPT techniques to solve this problem Among these techniques a PSO algorithm is used to have the maximum global power point (GMPPT) under partial shading. On the other hand, this one is not reliable vis-à-vis the pursuit of the MPPT. Therefore, in this paper we have treated another technique based on a new modified PSO algorithm so that the power can reach its maximum point. The PSO algorithm is based on the heuristic method which guarantees not only the obtaining of MPPT but also the simplicity of control and less expensive of the system. The results are obtained using MATLAB show that the proposed modified PSO algorithm performs better than conventional PSO and is robust to different partial shading models.
A stable operation of wind turbines connected to the grid is an essential requirement to ensure the reliability and stability of the power system. To achieve such operational objective, installing static synchronous compensator static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) as a main compensation device guarantees the voltage stability enhancement of the wind farm connected to distribution network at different operating scenarios. STATCOM either supplies or absorbs reactive power in order to ensure the voltage profile within the standard-margins and to avoid turbine tripping, accordingly. This paper present new study that investigates the most suitable-location to install STATCOM in a distribution system connected wind farm to maintain the voltage-levels within the stability margins. For a large-scale squirrel cage induction generator squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG-based) wind turbine system, the impact of STATCOM installation was tested in different places and voltage-levels in the distribution system. The proposed method effectiveness in enhancing the voltage profile and balancing the reactive power is validated, the results were repeated for different scenarios of expected contingencies. The voltage profile, power flow, and reactive power balance of the distribution system are observed using MATLAB/Simulink software.
The electrical and environmental parameters of polymer solar cells (PSC) provide important information on their performance. In the present article we study the influence of temperature on the voltage-current (I-V) characteristic at different temperatures from 10 °C to 90 °C, and important parameters like bandgap energy Eg, and the energy conversion efficiency η. The one-diode electrical model, normally used for semiconductor cells, has been tested and validated for the polemeral junction. The PSC used in our study are formed by the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Our technique is based on the combination of two steps; the first use the Least Mean Squares (LMS) method while the second use the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The found results are compared to other recently published works, they show that the developed approach is very accurate. This precision is proved by the minimal values of statistical errors (RMSE) and the good agreement between both the experimental data and the I-V simulated curves. The obtained results show a clear and a monotonic dependence of the cell efficiency on the studied parameters.
The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.
The electrical distribution network is undergoing tremendous modifications with the introduction of distributed generation technologies which have led to an increase in fault current levels in the distribution network. Fault current limiters have been developed as a promising technology to limit fault current levels in power systems. Though, quite a number of fault current limiters have been developed; the most common are the superconducting fault current limiters, solid-state fault current limiters, and saturated core fault current limiters. These fault current limiters present potential fault current limiting solutions in power systems. Nevertheless, they encounter various challenges hindering their deployment and commercialization. This research aimed at designing a bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter with a novel topology for distribution network applications. The proposed bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter was designed and simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed design in fault current limiting, voltage sag compensation during fault conditions, and its ability not to affect the load voltage and current during normal conditions as well as in suppressing the source powers during fault conditions. Simulation results also showed very minimal power loss by the fault current limiter during normal conditions.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
Direct current (DC) electronic load is a useful equipment for testing the electrical system. It can emulate various load at a high rating. The electronic load requires a power converter to operate and a linear regulator is a common option. Nonetheless, it is hard to control due to the temperature variation. This paper proposed a DC electronic load using the boost converter. The proposed electronic load operates in the continuous current mode and control using the integral controller. The electronic load using the boost converter is compared with the electronic load using the linear regulator. The results show that the boost converter able to operate as an electronic load with an error lower than 0.5% and response time lower than 13 ms.
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
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2. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694
User selection protocols in FD PSP EH cooperative network over rayleigh fading … (Van-Duc Phan)
2131
literature of the others, the authors investigated multi-user and multi-hop systems for simultaneous
information and power transfer with a dual-hop channel with an energy harvesting relay; the transmission
strategy depends on the quality of the second link [9-12]. Physical layer security has recently attracted a lot
of attention to wireless communication community, especially when the traditional cryptography methods
seems to be vulnerable to advanced attacks. Wyner introduced the idea of physical layer security in 1975
[13], but this topic has only been reconsidered recently [14, 15]. The authors in [14] proposed an algorithm to
maximize the secrecy sum rate of a two-way relay system by optimizing the relay beamforming vector and
the transceivers powers under total power constraint. A physical layer-security scheme for an underlay relay-
based cognitive radio network (CRN) that use s orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) as the
medium access technique is proposed in [15], in which the secrecy rate is maximized subject to the
constraints on transmission power and interference level at the primary users.
In this paper, we investigate the system performance (in term of outage probability (OP) and
intercept probability (IP)) user selection protocols in full-duplex (FD) power splitting protocol (PSP) energy
harvesting (EH) cooperative network over the Rayleigh fading channel. In this network, security and privacy
issues are significant due to the possible eavesdropping by surrounding users. In this case, the security
performance and reliable performance are represented by outage probability (OP) and intercept probability
(IP), respectively. The power-splitting energy harvesting protocol is applied in our analysis. We rigorously
derive the closed-form expressions of both OP and IP of the system and study the effect of various
parameters. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation results are also performed to confirm the correctness of all
theoretical analysis derived. The main contributions of the paper are summarized as follows:
1) The user selection protocols in full-duplex (FD) power splitting protocol (PSP) energy harvesting
(EH) cooperative network over Rayleigh fading channel is proposed and investigated.
2) The closed-form expressions of OP and IP are derived. Furthermore, the influence of the main
parameters on the system performance is demonstrated entirely by the Monte Carlo simulation.
The structure of this paper is proposed as follows. Sections II presents the system model of the
relaying network. Sections III derives the system performance of the model system. Section IV provides
numerical results and some discussions. Finally, Section V concludes the paper.
2. SYSTEM MODEL
In this paper, the system model is the full-duplex (FD) power splitting protocol (PSP) energy
harvesting (EH) cooperative network over Rayleigh fading channel (Figure 1). In this model, the information
is transferred from the source (S) to the multi-destination (Di), through energy constrained intermediate relay
(R). In this network, there is an eavesdropper (E) who tries to listen illegally to the source data. We also
assume that all of the nodes are equipped with a single antenna, and the data relaying is performed via two
orthogonal time slots. The energy harvesting and information processing of the system model with FD PSP
are proposed in Figure 2. In this scheme, T is the block time in which the source fully transmits the
information data to the multi-destination. In this interval time, R harvests ρPs energy from the source and use
(1-ρ) Ps energy to transfer information from S to the multi-destination nodes, which ρ is the power splitting
factor ρ ∈ (0, 1). All the fading channels from S to R and R to D are proposed as the Rayleigh fading
channels.
Energy Harvesting
(EH)
Information transmission
(IT)
SR
h
S R
D1
Dn
Dk
n
RD
h
RR
h
E
SE
h RE
h
EH at R
(ρPS)
IT S R D
(1-ρ)PS
T
Figure 1. System model Figure 2. The power splitting protocol
3. ISSN: 2088-8694
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2132
3. THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
During the first transmission phase, the received signal at the relay can be given by:
(1 )
r sr s rr r r
y h x h x n
(1)
where hsr is the source to relay channel gain,
hrr is the loopback interference channel,
s
x is the transmitted signal at the source,
nr is the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with variance N0,
0 1
is PS ratio at the relay,
r
x is the transmitted signal at the relay,
2
s s
x P
,
2
,
r r
x P
: expectation operator,
Ps is average transmit power at the source,
Pr is average transmit power at the relay.
The harvested power at the relay can be obtained as
2
2
s sr
h
r s sr
P h T
E
P P h
T T
(2)
where 0 1
is energy conversion efficiency.
The received signal at the nrd
destination can be expressed as the following
i i i
d rd r d
y h x n
(3)
where, hrdi is the relay to the ird
destination channel gain, ndi is the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)
with variance N0.
In this model, we consider the decode-and-forward protocol. From (1), the signal to noise ratio
(SNR) at the relay can be given by
2
1 2
0
(1 ) sr s
rr r
h P
h P N
(4)
Substituting (2) into (4) and using the fact that 0 s
N P
, in (4) can be rewritten as
1 2
1
rr
h
(5)
From (2), the SNR at the destination can be calculated as
2 2
2
2
2
2 0
0 0
i i
i
r rd s sr rd
sr rd
P h P h h
h h
N N
(6)
where we denote 0
0
s
P
N
.
The final DF SNR can be given as
1 2
min ,
DF
(7)
3.1. User selection method.
We propose the optimal user selection protocol in which the best selection user is selected as
follows
4. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694
User selection protocols in FD PSP EH cooperative network over rayleigh fading … (Van-Duc Phan)
2133
2
2
1,2,...,
max ( )
i
rd rd
i K
h h
(8)
In [16], the cumulative density function (CDF) of
2
rd
h can be given by
2
/
0
( ) ( 1) rd
rd
K
py
p p
K
h
p
F y C e
(9)
where
!
!( )!
p
K
K
C
p K p
, rd
is the mean of the random variable (RV)
2
rd
h .
Then, the corresponding probability density function (PDF) can be obtained by
2
1
( 1) /
1
0
1
( ) 1 rd
rd
K
p p y
p
K
h
p
rd
f y C K e
(10)
3.2. Outage probability (OP).
2
2
1 2 0
2
1
Pr Pr min , Pr min , max i
DF sr rd
rr
OP z z h h z
h
(11)
By denoted as
2
2 2 2
1 2 3
1,2,...,
, , max ( )
i
rr sr rd rd
i K
h h h h
. In (10) can be rewritten as
0 2 3
1
1
Pr min ,
OP z
(12)
where 2
2 1
R
z is threshold and R: the source rate. In (12) can be rewritten as
0 2 3
1
1
1 Pr Pr
OP z z
(13)
we denote
(1 )
1 1
1
1
Pr Pr 1
1
rr
z
z
P z e
(14)
where rr
is the mean of RV
2
rr
h and
0 3
2 3 3
2 0 2 3 0 2 3 2
0 3
3 3 3 3 3
0 3
0 0
Pr 1 Pr 1 Pr
1 | ( ) 1 1 ( )
sr
z
z
P z z
z
F f d e f d
(15)
Substituting (9) into (15), we have
0 3 3
0 3 3
1
( 1) /
2 1 3
0
0
1
( 1) /
1 3
0 0
1
1
1
1
sr rd
sr rd
z K
p p
p
K
p
rd
z
K
p p
p
K
p
rd
P e C K e d
C K e e d
(16)
Using Table of Integral Eq [3.324,1] in [17], the (16) can reformulate as
5. ISSN: 2088-8694
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2134
1
2 1 1
0 0 0
( 1)
2 1 2
( 1)
K
p p
K
p rr rd rr rd
z z p
P C K K
p
(17)
Substituting (14), (17) into (13), we have
1
(1 )
1 1
0 0 0
( 1)
1 2 1 1 2
( 1)
rr
z K
p p
K
p rr rd rr rd
z z p
OP e C K K
p
(18)
where ( )
v
K is the modified Bessel function of the second kind and vth
order.
3.2. Intercept probability (IP).
The nodes S and R can randomly generate codebooks to confuse E from combining the received
data with MRC (see randomize-and-forward (RF) method [18,19]). Therefore, the SNR obtained at E for
decoding the source data can be formulated by
max ,
E SE RE
(19)
where
2 2
2 2 2
0 0
0 0
,
s se r re
SE se RE sr re
P h P h
h h h
N N
From (19), IP can be calculated precisely as (see [20])
2 2 2
0 0
2 2 2
0 0
Pr 1 Pr max ,
1 Pr Pr
E se sr re
se sr re
IP z h h h z
h z h h z
(20)
0
2
3 0
Pr 1 se
z
se
P h z e
(21)
where se
is the mean of RV
2
se
h . Then we have
2 2
4 0 0
0 0
Pr Pr Pr
sr re X
z z
P h h z X z X F
(22)
where we denote
2 2
sr re
X h h
.
Utilizing the result in [21], the CDF of X can be shown as the below equation:
1
( ) 1 2 2
X
sr re sr re
x x
F x K
(23)
where ( )
v
K is the modified Bessel function of the second kind and vth
order.
From (23) and (22) can be computed as
4 1
0 0
1 2 2
sr re sr re
z z
P K
(24)
where ,
sr re
is the mean of RV
2 2
,
sr re
h h , respectively.
Substituting (21), (24) into (20), the IP can be reformulated as
0
1
0 0
1 1 1 2 2
se
z
sr re sr re
z z
IP e K
(25)
6. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694
User selection protocols in FD PSP EH cooperative network over rayleigh fading … (Van-Duc Phan)
2135
4. NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this section, the Monte Carlo simulation is used for validating the analytical expression in the
above section. We consider a network with one source, one relay, and multi-destination, where source-relay
and relay-destination distances are both normalized to unit value [22-25]. In Figure 3 and 4, OP and IP versus
power splitting factor ρ of the considered protocols is presented. Here, we set the main parameters as R=0.5
bps, Ps/No = 10 dB, K=1,2,4. We also see from Figure 3 that the OP of the proposed system has a huge
decrease in the interval of ρ from 0 to 0.5 and has a massive increase while ρ varies from 0.5 to 1. The
minimum value of the OP can be found at ρ=0.5. On another way, IP has a slight increase when ρ increases
from 0 to 1. In the results, the simulation and theoretical results are in good agreement.
Figure 3. OP versus ρ. Figure 4. IP versus ρ.
Figure 5 and Figure 6 shows the outage probability and intercept probability of the proposed system
versus the ratio Ps/N0. The data rate is set to R = 0.5 bps, K=2, ρ=0.2, 0.5, 0.85 for the OP case and R = 0.5
bps, ρ=0.5 η=0.3, 0.6, 0.85, respectively. It can be observed that the simulation curve and the analytical curve
for each case overlap together. That confirms the correctness of our analysis. It’s also easily seen that when
the ratio Ps/No increases, the outage probability decreases but the intercept probability increases. Moreover,
the impact of K on the outage probability and η on intercept probability is shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
Here, the ratio Ps/No is set to 10 dB. Again, the analytical solutions are in exact agreement with the
simulation results. The outage probability tens to decrease as K increase. In contrast, the intercept probability
increases with η increases.
Figure 5. OP versus Ps/N0. Figure 6. IP versus Ps/N0.
7. ISSN: 2088-8694
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2136
Figure 7. OP versus K Figure 8. IP versus η.
5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we investigate the system performance (in term of outage probability (OP) and
intercept probability (IP)) user selection protocols in full-duplex (FD) power splitting protocol (PSP) energy
harvesting (EH) cooperative network over Rayleigh fading channel. In this network, the security performance
and reliable performance are represented by outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP),
respectively. We rigorously derive the closed-form expressions of both OP and IP of the system and study the
effect of various parameters. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation results are also performed to confirm the
correctness of all theoretical analysis derived.
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