Urticaria and drug eruptions
•
0 likes•61 views
This document summarizes different types of urticaria (hives), angioedema, drug eruptions, and erythema multiforme. It describes the characteristics of acute and chronic urticaria, physical urticaria, urticarial vasculitis, and contact urticaria. It also discusses erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum, fixed drug eruptions, exanthematous drug eruptions, and drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Treatment options are provided for many of these conditions.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Dermatology made easy
This document provides summaries of common dermatological conditions including psoriasis, lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, scabies, cutaneous larva migrans, alopecia areata, varicella, herpes zoster, herpes labialis, herpes genitalis, hand foot and mouth disease, tinea versicolor, kerion, impetigo, molluscum contagiosum, verruca vulgaris, seborrheic keratosis, and tinea incognito. For each condition, it describes key characteristics, types, complications, treatments, and other relevant
common skin condition in children..pptx
This document discusses two common skin conditions in children - atopic dermatitis (eczema) and scabies. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria and step-wise treatment approach for atopic dermatitis. For scabies, it describes the causative mite, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options including permethrin and ivermectin, and prevention measures. It also briefly covers Stevens Johnson Syndrome, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and their management.
common skin condition in children..pptx
This document discusses two common skin conditions in children - atopic dermatitis (eczema) and scabies. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria and step-wise treatment approach for atopic dermatitis. For scabies, it describes the causative mite, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options including permethrin and ivermectin, and prevention measures. It also briefly covers staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, two potentially severe conditions.
Intestinal obstruction rifhan & saifuddin
This document discusses small bowel and large bowel obstruction. Small bowel obstruction can be caused by intraluminal factors like gallstones or intramural factors like adhesions. Large bowel obstruction is often due to colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, or inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, distension, and constipation. Examination may reveal distension, bowel sounds, and signs of strangulation. Imaging studies can locate the obstruction and rule out strangulation. Management involves decompression, fluid resuscitation, electrolyte correction, and surgery if conservative measures fail.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Detailed pictorial explanation of causes , Pathology and nursing measures, pictorial surgical management
Snake Bite Management.pptx
This document provides information on snake identification and management of snake bites in Sri Lanka. It discusses the clinical features, epidemiology and management of bites from common snakes in Sri Lanka including Russell's viper, cobra, krait, saw-scaled viper, hump-nosed pit viper and green pit viper. For each snake, it outlines signs of local envenoming, coagulopathy and neurotoxicity. The document provides guidance on airway management, IV fluids, antivenom administration and monitoring for anaphylaxis or other reactions to the antivenom.
Neonatal sepsis in brief
This document provides information on neonatal sepsis, including:
- Sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, responsible for 30-50% of deaths in developing countries. It can be classified as early onset (within 72 hours of life) or late onset.
- Common causative organisms include group B streptococcus, E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Late onset sepsis is often hospital-acquired.
- Risk factors, clinical features, investigations, management, and prevention of neonatal sepsis are discussed in detail. Empiric antibiotic therapy is recommended until cultures identify the specific organism. Supportive care including ventilation and IV fluids is also important.
89362217 pharmacology-in-endodontics
The document discusses various topics related to pharmacology in endodontics including:
1) Common odontogenic infections such as reversible/irreversible pulpitis, abscesses, and their microbiology.
2) Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs used for various endodontic procedures and their classification.
3) Sedatives and tranquilizers that can be prescribed before appointments.
4) Classification, spectrum and indications for antibiotic therapy. Prophylactic regimens for dental procedures are also outlined.
Recommended
Dermatology made easy
This document provides summaries of common dermatological conditions including psoriasis, lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, scabies, cutaneous larva migrans, alopecia areata, varicella, herpes zoster, herpes labialis, herpes genitalis, hand foot and mouth disease, tinea versicolor, kerion, impetigo, molluscum contagiosum, verruca vulgaris, seborrheic keratosis, and tinea incognito. For each condition, it describes key characteristics, types, complications, treatments, and other relevant
common skin condition in children..pptx
This document discusses two common skin conditions in children - atopic dermatitis (eczema) and scabies. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria and step-wise treatment approach for atopic dermatitis. For scabies, it describes the causative mite, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options including permethrin and ivermectin, and prevention measures. It also briefly covers Stevens Johnson Syndrome, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and their management.
common skin condition in children..pptx
This document discusses two common skin conditions in children - atopic dermatitis (eczema) and scabies. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria and step-wise treatment approach for atopic dermatitis. For scabies, it describes the causative mite, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options including permethrin and ivermectin, and prevention measures. It also briefly covers staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, two potentially severe conditions.
Intestinal obstruction rifhan & saifuddin
This document discusses small bowel and large bowel obstruction. Small bowel obstruction can be caused by intraluminal factors like gallstones or intramural factors like adhesions. Large bowel obstruction is often due to colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, or inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, distension, and constipation. Examination may reveal distension, bowel sounds, and signs of strangulation. Imaging studies can locate the obstruction and rule out strangulation. Management involves decompression, fluid resuscitation, electrolyte correction, and surgery if conservative measures fail.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Detailed pictorial explanation of causes , Pathology and nursing measures, pictorial surgical management
Snake Bite Management.pptx
This document provides information on snake identification and management of snake bites in Sri Lanka. It discusses the clinical features, epidemiology and management of bites from common snakes in Sri Lanka including Russell's viper, cobra, krait, saw-scaled viper, hump-nosed pit viper and green pit viper. For each snake, it outlines signs of local envenoming, coagulopathy and neurotoxicity. The document provides guidance on airway management, IV fluids, antivenom administration and monitoring for anaphylaxis or other reactions to the antivenom.
Neonatal sepsis in brief
This document provides information on neonatal sepsis, including:
- Sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, responsible for 30-50% of deaths in developing countries. It can be classified as early onset (within 72 hours of life) or late onset.
- Common causative organisms include group B streptococcus, E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Late onset sepsis is often hospital-acquired.
- Risk factors, clinical features, investigations, management, and prevention of neonatal sepsis are discussed in detail. Empiric antibiotic therapy is recommended until cultures identify the specific organism. Supportive care including ventilation and IV fluids is also important.
89362217 pharmacology-in-endodontics
The document discusses various topics related to pharmacology in endodontics including:
1) Common odontogenic infections such as reversible/irreversible pulpitis, abscesses, and their microbiology.
2) Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs used for various endodontic procedures and their classification.
3) Sedatives and tranquilizers that can be prescribed before appointments.
4) Classification, spectrum and indications for antibiotic therapy. Prophylactic regimens for dental procedures are also outlined.
Corticosteroids in ophthalmology
This document discusses corticosteroids and their use in ophthalmology. It begins by describing the basic structure and functions of steroids produced naturally in the body. It then outlines the history of corticosteroid discovery and use in medicine, including their introduction to ocular therapy in the 1950s. The document goes on to explain the mechanisms of action of corticosteroids and their effects on inflammation. It provides details on the administration, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and side effects of systemic corticosteroid use as well as topical ocular administration through eye drops, ointments and injections. Guidelines are given for dosing and monitoring patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy.
Infectious diseases - Typhoid, Syphilis
This document discusses typhoid and syphilis. It begins by presenting a case scenario of a man experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever who may have typhoid fever based on his recent consumption of undercooked eggs. It then provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and treatment of typhoid fever. The document also presents a case of a man with a penile sore and lymphadenopathy who is diagnosed with primary syphilis. It outlines the stages, signs and symptoms, histology, and management of syphilis.
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction can be congenital or acquired. It results in a blockage of the lacrimal drainage system which transports tears from the eye to the nose. The document describes the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system and classifications of NLDO. Causes include infections, inflammation, tumors, trauma, and mechanical obstruction. Diagnosis involves history, examination, Jones dye testing, and imaging. Treatment depends on the type and includes massage, probing, dacryocystorhinostomy, and occasionally intubation or stenting. Surgical treatment aims to re-establish drainage from the lacrimal sac into the nose.
Neonatal bacterial infections by upasana patra
This document summarizes key information about neonatal bacterial infections, including common types, causative agents, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses early-onset and late-onset sepsis, the most common pathogens for each, and risk factors. For diagnosis, it describes clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests including blood cultures and sepsis screens, and other tests like lumbar puncture and cultures of other body sites. It also discusses developing biomarkers for diagnosis. For treatment, it emphasizes the importance of clinical assessment and provides guidelines for antibiotic regimens. It concludes with sections on prevention of infections and evaluating disease severity and extent.
A Case of Mediastinal Mass
A 42-year-old female farmer presented with chest pain, breathlessness, hoarseness of voice, and double vision over the past 1 month. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion in the left thymus. The thymus was surgically excised and found to have a multilocular thymic cyst with thymic hyperplasia. Laboratory tests confirmed myasthenia gravis. The patient was started on treatment for myasthenia gravis and the thymic cyst.
Overactive-Bladder-By-Dr-M-Zahid-Ahmad.pptx
Overactive bladder is defined as urgency, usually with frequency and nocturia, with or without incontinence, in the absence of infection or other pathology. It affects 16.9% of people in North America and prevalence increases with age. Detrusor overactivity is seen in 64% of OAB patients and 83% of patients with detrusor overactivity have OAB. Treatment involves behavioral modifications, drug therapy using anticholinergic medications, neuromodulation techniques for refractory cases, and surgery for severe cases not responding to other options. The document provides detailed information on the definition, causes, evaluation, and management strategies for overactive bladder.
local anesthesia complications in dentistry
this ppt showed in detail about complication of various nerve blocks in dental extraction
LOCAL COMPLICATIONS
Needle breakage
Pain on injection
Burning on injection
Persistent anaesthesia or paresthesia
Trismus
Hematoma
Sloughing of the tissue / soft tissue injury
Facial nerve paralysis
Anaesthesia for neurological and neuromuscular disease2
The document discusses various neurological and neuromuscular diseases relevant to anaesthesia including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, poliomyelitis, and cerebral palsy. It covers the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and anaesthetic considerations for managing patients with these conditions. Key points discussed include preoperative assessment and planning, choice of anaesthetic agents to avoid exacerbating symptoms, special monitoring needs, and postoperative care considerations.
Disorders of vestibular system 04.04.16-dr.davis
The document discusses Meniere's disease, including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. It provides details on the vestibular system and how endolymphatic hydrops causes the key symptoms of Meniere's - vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes and meeting criteria for definitive, probable or possible Meniere's. Treatment options discussed include general measures, medical management and surgery.
Common ent problems and managements
The document provides information on common ENT problems and their management. It discusses anatomical structures of the ear, nose and throat and describes common issues such as ear pain, ear discharge, nasal septum problems, sinusitis, tonsillitis, and peritonsillar abscess. It outlines treatments for various conditions including antibiotics, analgesics, nasal decongestants, antihistamines, and in some cases surgery. Essential equipment for examinations such as an otoscope, tongue depressors and nasal speculums are also mentioned. Procedures like syringing the ear and removing nasal foreign bodies are described.
SEVERE CUTANEOUS ADVERSE REACTION TO DRUGS
The document discusses several severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions including acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), drug-induced exfoliative dermatitis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). It provides details on the clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, investigations and treatment for each condition. Common culprit drugs, complications, differential diagnoses and scoring systems for SJS/TEN are also outlined.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF SEIZURES
1) Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and can be triggered by factors like infections, metabolic imbalances, medications, trauma and certain genetic conditions.
2) Management of seizures involves stabilizing the patient, administering anti-seizure medications like lorazepam or diazepam to stop ongoing seizures, treating any identifiable underlying causes, and using longer-acting medications like phenytoin or phenobarbital to prevent recurrent seizures.
3) Prolonged or repeated seizures (status epilepticus) require more aggressive treatment that may include additional benzodiazepines, phenytoin, phenobarbital, or pentobarbital anesthesia
Acute pancreatitis
This document discusses acute pancreatitis, including its anatomy and physiology, causes, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, predictors of severity, management, and treatment algorithms. It provides details on:
- The exocrine functions of the pancreas and mechanisms that normally protect it from premature enzyme activation.
- Etiologies of acute pancreatitis including gallstones, alcohol use, and other associated conditions.
- Scoring systems like Ranson criteria, CT severity index, and APACHE II that are used to predict severity and guide management.
- Diagnostic tests including serum amylase and lipase levels, CT scans, and C-reactive protein to evaluate for necrosis or infection.
- Initial supportive management focusing on fluid
KEDARURATAN NEUROLOGI DR SURYA.pptx
This document provides an outline on neurologic emergencies. It discusses topics such as changes in mental status/coma, stroke/TIA syndromes, seizures and status epilepticus, and infectious diseases. For coma, it lists potential causes and provides details on the Glasgow Coma Scale assessment. For stroke, it defines types of strokes, discusses early detection scales, and outlines treatment approaches. For seizures and status epilepticus, it provides diagnostic and management algorithms. For infectious diseases like meningitis and encephalitis, it discusses etiologies, presentations, diagnostic testing including lumbar puncture results, and treatment guidelines.
Erythema nodosum
This document discusses the approach to erythema nodosum, a panniculitis condition presenting as subcutaneous nodules. It is most commonly caused by infections such as streptococcal infections or tuberculosis. The nodules typically appear on the shins and resolve within a few weeks. For chronic or recurrent cases, thorough investigation is needed to rule out underlying causes like sarcoidosis or inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment involves managing the triggering infection or condition with medications like NSAIDs, potassium iodide, or steroids. Biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. Prognosis is generally good if an underlying cause is identified and treated.
general post operative care
This document provides guidance on general post-operative care including monitoring in the post-anesthesia care unit, vital signs, fluid and electrolyte balance, wound care, nutrition, mobilization, medications, and follow-up care. It outlines assessments of respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological and other body systems and recommendations to prevent complications and promote healing in the immediate postoperative period. Discharge criteria and the importance of communication with patients and their families is also discussed.
Vernal catarrh/ vernal keratoconjuctivitis
Vernal catarrh is a allergic disorder of children characterized by chronic inflammation of ocular surface.
Acute pancreatits
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis including its anatomy, epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical presentation, workup, severity scoring, treatment, prognosis, and complications. It begins with definitions of the pancreas' anatomy and functions. It then discusses the disease's worldwide incidence, risk factors, presentations, diagnostic criteria, hematological and radiological evaluations, and key findings on imaging studies like CT scans. The document provides a comprehensive review of acute pancreatitis.
Organophosphorous,
Common household poisons that can cause toxicity in children include hydrocarbons like kerosene, organophosphates used as pesticides, camphor, mosquito repellents containing DEET, button batteries, detergents, rat killers, ink, and hair dyes. Hydrocarbon poisoning mainly affects the respiratory system and can cause coughing, fast breathing, and infiltrates on chest x-ray. Organophosphate poisoning causes nicotinic and muscarinic effects like weakness, salivation, and intermediate syndrome. Management involves decontamination, atropine for muscarinic effects, and pralidoxime for nicotinic effects. Button battery ingestion can cause erosion and fistulas if not
Inflammatory Bowel Disease- Ulcerative colitis- Complications and Management
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. It has no known cause but is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms include diarrhea with blood or mucus, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Complications can include bleeding, toxic megacolon, perforation, and colon cancer with longstanding disease. Treatment involves medications to induce and maintain remission such as mesalamine, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics depending on severity. Surgery may be required for complications or refractory disease.
Pathology of Endometrial cancer 2022.pptx
This is a concise presentation on the pathology of endometrial cancer based on the latest WHO female genital tumors latest edition, 5th edition
prepared on April 2022
Appraoch to autoimmune diseases.pptx
This is an approach to the basis of the common antibodies and the associated diseases, called autoimmune diseases.
More Related Content
Similar to Urticaria and drug eruptions
Corticosteroids in ophthalmology
This document discusses corticosteroids and their use in ophthalmology. It begins by describing the basic structure and functions of steroids produced naturally in the body. It then outlines the history of corticosteroid discovery and use in medicine, including their introduction to ocular therapy in the 1950s. The document goes on to explain the mechanisms of action of corticosteroids and their effects on inflammation. It provides details on the administration, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and side effects of systemic corticosteroid use as well as topical ocular administration through eye drops, ointments and injections. Guidelines are given for dosing and monitoring patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy.
Infectious diseases - Typhoid, Syphilis
This document discusses typhoid and syphilis. It begins by presenting a case scenario of a man experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever who may have typhoid fever based on his recent consumption of undercooked eggs. It then provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and treatment of typhoid fever. The document also presents a case of a man with a penile sore and lymphadenopathy who is diagnosed with primary syphilis. It outlines the stages, signs and symptoms, histology, and management of syphilis.
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction can be congenital or acquired. It results in a blockage of the lacrimal drainage system which transports tears from the eye to the nose. The document describes the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system and classifications of NLDO. Causes include infections, inflammation, tumors, trauma, and mechanical obstruction. Diagnosis involves history, examination, Jones dye testing, and imaging. Treatment depends on the type and includes massage, probing, dacryocystorhinostomy, and occasionally intubation or stenting. Surgical treatment aims to re-establish drainage from the lacrimal sac into the nose.
Neonatal bacterial infections by upasana patra
This document summarizes key information about neonatal bacterial infections, including common types, causative agents, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses early-onset and late-onset sepsis, the most common pathogens for each, and risk factors. For diagnosis, it describes clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests including blood cultures and sepsis screens, and other tests like lumbar puncture and cultures of other body sites. It also discusses developing biomarkers for diagnosis. For treatment, it emphasizes the importance of clinical assessment and provides guidelines for antibiotic regimens. It concludes with sections on prevention of infections and evaluating disease severity and extent.
A Case of Mediastinal Mass
A 42-year-old female farmer presented with chest pain, breathlessness, hoarseness of voice, and double vision over the past 1 month. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion in the left thymus. The thymus was surgically excised and found to have a multilocular thymic cyst with thymic hyperplasia. Laboratory tests confirmed myasthenia gravis. The patient was started on treatment for myasthenia gravis and the thymic cyst.
Overactive-Bladder-By-Dr-M-Zahid-Ahmad.pptx
Overactive bladder is defined as urgency, usually with frequency and nocturia, with or without incontinence, in the absence of infection or other pathology. It affects 16.9% of people in North America and prevalence increases with age. Detrusor overactivity is seen in 64% of OAB patients and 83% of patients with detrusor overactivity have OAB. Treatment involves behavioral modifications, drug therapy using anticholinergic medications, neuromodulation techniques for refractory cases, and surgery for severe cases not responding to other options. The document provides detailed information on the definition, causes, evaluation, and management strategies for overactive bladder.
local anesthesia complications in dentistry
this ppt showed in detail about complication of various nerve blocks in dental extraction
LOCAL COMPLICATIONS
Needle breakage
Pain on injection
Burning on injection
Persistent anaesthesia or paresthesia
Trismus
Hematoma
Sloughing of the tissue / soft tissue injury
Facial nerve paralysis
Anaesthesia for neurological and neuromuscular disease2
The document discusses various neurological and neuromuscular diseases relevant to anaesthesia including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, poliomyelitis, and cerebral palsy. It covers the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and anaesthetic considerations for managing patients with these conditions. Key points discussed include preoperative assessment and planning, choice of anaesthetic agents to avoid exacerbating symptoms, special monitoring needs, and postoperative care considerations.
Disorders of vestibular system 04.04.16-dr.davis
The document discusses Meniere's disease, including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. It provides details on the vestibular system and how endolymphatic hydrops causes the key symptoms of Meniere's - vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes and meeting criteria for definitive, probable or possible Meniere's. Treatment options discussed include general measures, medical management and surgery.
Common ent problems and managements
The document provides information on common ENT problems and their management. It discusses anatomical structures of the ear, nose and throat and describes common issues such as ear pain, ear discharge, nasal septum problems, sinusitis, tonsillitis, and peritonsillar abscess. It outlines treatments for various conditions including antibiotics, analgesics, nasal decongestants, antihistamines, and in some cases surgery. Essential equipment for examinations such as an otoscope, tongue depressors and nasal speculums are also mentioned. Procedures like syringing the ear and removing nasal foreign bodies are described.
SEVERE CUTANEOUS ADVERSE REACTION TO DRUGS
The document discusses several severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions including acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), drug-induced exfoliative dermatitis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). It provides details on the clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, investigations and treatment for each condition. Common culprit drugs, complications, differential diagnoses and scoring systems for SJS/TEN are also outlined.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF SEIZURES
1) Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and can be triggered by factors like infections, metabolic imbalances, medications, trauma and certain genetic conditions.
2) Management of seizures involves stabilizing the patient, administering anti-seizure medications like lorazepam or diazepam to stop ongoing seizures, treating any identifiable underlying causes, and using longer-acting medications like phenytoin or phenobarbital to prevent recurrent seizures.
3) Prolonged or repeated seizures (status epilepticus) require more aggressive treatment that may include additional benzodiazepines, phenytoin, phenobarbital, or pentobarbital anesthesia
Acute pancreatitis
This document discusses acute pancreatitis, including its anatomy and physiology, causes, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, predictors of severity, management, and treatment algorithms. It provides details on:
- The exocrine functions of the pancreas and mechanisms that normally protect it from premature enzyme activation.
- Etiologies of acute pancreatitis including gallstones, alcohol use, and other associated conditions.
- Scoring systems like Ranson criteria, CT severity index, and APACHE II that are used to predict severity and guide management.
- Diagnostic tests including serum amylase and lipase levels, CT scans, and C-reactive protein to evaluate for necrosis or infection.
- Initial supportive management focusing on fluid
KEDARURATAN NEUROLOGI DR SURYA.pptx
This document provides an outline on neurologic emergencies. It discusses topics such as changes in mental status/coma, stroke/TIA syndromes, seizures and status epilepticus, and infectious diseases. For coma, it lists potential causes and provides details on the Glasgow Coma Scale assessment. For stroke, it defines types of strokes, discusses early detection scales, and outlines treatment approaches. For seizures and status epilepticus, it provides diagnostic and management algorithms. For infectious diseases like meningitis and encephalitis, it discusses etiologies, presentations, diagnostic testing including lumbar puncture results, and treatment guidelines.
Erythema nodosum
This document discusses the approach to erythema nodosum, a panniculitis condition presenting as subcutaneous nodules. It is most commonly caused by infections such as streptococcal infections or tuberculosis. The nodules typically appear on the shins and resolve within a few weeks. For chronic or recurrent cases, thorough investigation is needed to rule out underlying causes like sarcoidosis or inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment involves managing the triggering infection or condition with medications like NSAIDs, potassium iodide, or steroids. Biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. Prognosis is generally good if an underlying cause is identified and treated.
general post operative care
This document provides guidance on general post-operative care including monitoring in the post-anesthesia care unit, vital signs, fluid and electrolyte balance, wound care, nutrition, mobilization, medications, and follow-up care. It outlines assessments of respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological and other body systems and recommendations to prevent complications and promote healing in the immediate postoperative period. Discharge criteria and the importance of communication with patients and their families is also discussed.
Vernal catarrh/ vernal keratoconjuctivitis
Vernal catarrh is a allergic disorder of children characterized by chronic inflammation of ocular surface.
Acute pancreatits
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis including its anatomy, epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical presentation, workup, severity scoring, treatment, prognosis, and complications. It begins with definitions of the pancreas' anatomy and functions. It then discusses the disease's worldwide incidence, risk factors, presentations, diagnostic criteria, hematological and radiological evaluations, and key findings on imaging studies like CT scans. The document provides a comprehensive review of acute pancreatitis.
Organophosphorous,
Common household poisons that can cause toxicity in children include hydrocarbons like kerosene, organophosphates used as pesticides, camphor, mosquito repellents containing DEET, button batteries, detergents, rat killers, ink, and hair dyes. Hydrocarbon poisoning mainly affects the respiratory system and can cause coughing, fast breathing, and infiltrates on chest x-ray. Organophosphate poisoning causes nicotinic and muscarinic effects like weakness, salivation, and intermediate syndrome. Management involves decontamination, atropine for muscarinic effects, and pralidoxime for nicotinic effects. Button battery ingestion can cause erosion and fistulas if not
Inflammatory Bowel Disease- Ulcerative colitis- Complications and Management
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. It has no known cause but is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms include diarrhea with blood or mucus, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Complications can include bleeding, toxic megacolon, perforation, and colon cancer with longstanding disease. Treatment involves medications to induce and maintain remission such as mesalamine, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics depending on severity. Surgery may be required for complications or refractory disease.
Similar to Urticaria and drug eruptions (20)
Anaesthesia for neurological and neuromuscular disease2
Anaesthesia for neurological and neuromuscular disease2
Inflammatory Bowel Disease- Ulcerative colitis- Complications and Management
Inflammatory Bowel Disease- Ulcerative colitis- Complications and Management
More from Dr ABU SURAIH SAKHRI
Pathology of Endometrial cancer 2022.pptx
This is a concise presentation on the pathology of endometrial cancer based on the latest WHO female genital tumors latest edition, 5th edition
prepared on April 2022
Appraoch to autoimmune diseases.pptx
This is an approach to the basis of the common antibodies and the associated diseases, called autoimmune diseases.
Hydatidiform mole/ VESICULAR MOLE
- Hydatidiform mole is a benign tumor of the placenta that has malignant potential. It is more common in Asian women and those over 35.
- Complete moles are diploid and paternal in origin, while partial moles are triploid with both paternal and maternal chromosomes. Complete moles have no fetus while partial moles may have an abnormal fetus.
- Diagnosis is made through ultrasound showing cystic spaces and very high HCG levels. Management involves surgical evacuation followed by monitoring of HCG levels to detect malignant changes, as 20% of complete moles may develop into gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
Mediators of inflammation
This document summarizes the key mediators involved in the inflammatory response. It discusses how chemical mediators called cytokines, chemokines, lipids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, amines such as histamine, peptides, complement proteins, and nitric oxide are released from cells to coordinate and regulate inflammation. These mediators act through receptors on target cells to produce effects like increased vascular permeability, leukocyte migration, pain, and fever responses. The document also outlines the innate and acquired immune responses mediated by cells like phagocytes, natural killer cells, and antibodies.
Psoriasis
1. Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by well-defined, red, scaly plaques located over extensor surfaces and scalp.
2. It has a genetic predisposition and can be triggered by environmental factors such as trauma, infection, drugs, and stress.
3. Treatment involves topical therapies for mild disease and systemic therapies such as phototherapy, retinoids, methotrexate, and biological agents for more severe disease.
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
This document discusses hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, specifically pre-eclampsia. It defines pre-eclampsia and lists risk factors. Diagnosis involves high blood pressure and proteinuria. Classification ranges from mild to severe. Complications for the mother include seizures, stroke, liver or kidney damage. Management involves controlling blood pressure, preventing seizures with magnesium sulfate, and delivering the baby to resolve symptoms. Close monitoring of the mother and baby postpartum is important.
Parasitic infestations
This document summarizes various parasitic infestations and their clinical features. It discusses papular urticaria caused by sensitivity to insect antigens, scabies caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, and different types of pediculosis caused by head lice, body lice, and crab lice. It also mentions other conditions like myiasis, pulicosis, tungiasis, cimicosis, blister beetle dermatitis, spider bites, demodicidosis, larva migrans, leishmaniasis, and lymphatic filariasis. For each condition, it provides details on the causative organism, clinical manifestations, distribution of lesions
Neurocutaneous disorders
This document summarizes several neurocutaneous disorders including neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2, tuberous sclerosis, and Sturge-Weber syndrome. It describes the neurological, cutaneous, and other system involvement for each disorder including common symptoms such as seizures, tumors, and skin lesions. Diagnostic criteria involving clinical findings are provided. The summary focuses on the key features and manifestations across body systems involved in these genetic neurocutaneous conditions.
Mullerian anomalies
This document discusses Mullerian anomalies/defects, which range from agenesis to duplication of the tubes, uterus, cervix and upper vagina. It covers the classification system used (AFS), incidence, etiology, genetics, embryogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis using imaging modalies like HSG, USG and MRI, and management of various anomalies like unicornuate uterus, didelphys, bicornuate, septate and arcuate uterus. Complications in reproduction from each anomaly and outcomes of treatments like metroplasty are also summarized. Diethylstilbestrol exposure related abnormalities are briefly discussed.
TOXOPLASMA GONDII AND STRONGYLOIDES
Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidian parasite transmitted through contact with infected cat feces or consumption of undercooked meat. It typically causes mild or asymptomatic infections but can cause severe brain and eye damage in fetuses, infants, and immunocompromised individuals. Strongyloides stercoralis is a nematode transmitted through skin contact with soil. It resides in the small intestine and can cause chronic diarrhea but also disseminate and cause potentially fatal infections in malnourished or immunosuppressed individuals. Both parasites are diagnosed through examination of infected tissues and confirmed with serological tests.
JVP - A SHORT REVIEW
The jugular venous pulse reflects right atrial pressure and is best examined in the right internal jugular vein. It normally displays three positive waves and two negative troughs related to atrial filling and emptying. Abnormalities can indicate conditions that elevate or lower right atrial pressure such as heart failure, tamponade, constriction. Specific wave changes suggest problems like tricuspid regurgitation or stenosis. The jugular venous pulse is a useful physical exam finding for cardiovascular assessment.
HEART MURMURS
Heart murmurs can be produced by turbulence in blood flow caused by abnormalities in heart valves or structures. A murmur is described by its timing in the cardiac cycle, location, intensity, quality, and radiation pattern.
A mid-systolic murmur is the most common murmur and can be caused by ventricular outflow obstructions like aortic stenosis, dilation of the aorta/pulmonary trunk, accelerated flow, or innocent murmurs from normal anatomical variations. Diastolic murmurs include early diastolic murmurs like aortic regurgitation and high-pressure pulmonary regurgitation, and mid-diastolic murmurs caused by stenosis of the mitral or tricuspid valves. Flow murmurs
Development of male and female reproductive system
The document describes the development of the male and female reproductive systems from the indifferent stage through sexual differentiation. It covers the development of the gonads (testes and ovaries), genital ducts, and external genitalia. Some key points include:
- The gonads initially develop as indifferent gonads before differentiating into testes or ovaries depending on the presence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome.
- The genital ducts also initially develop in an indifferent stage before the mesonephric ducts develop into male structures like the epididymis and vas deferens, while the paramesonephric ducts develop into female structures like the uterus and fallopian tubes.
- External
Chronic Osteomyelitis
This document discusses chronic osteomyelitis, including its causes, pathology, presentations, examinations, investigations, differential diagnoses, and treatments. It can develop following acute osteomyelitis or be caused by tuberculosis or fungi. Pathology involves spread of pus within bone leading to bone death and cavities. Presentations include discharging sinuses and bone fragments. Investigations include x-rays showing bone changes and cultures of pus. Surgical treatments aim to remove dead bone and tissue. Complications include exacerbations, growth abnormalities, and fractures. It also discusses Garre's osteomyelitis and Brodie's abscess as specific types.
Forceps delivery and vacuum extraction
Forceps delivery is an operative vaginal delivery procedure that uses obstetric forceps to assist in the extraction of the fetal head. Forceps have curved blades that fit around the fetal head to allow the operator to apply gentle traction. Forceps delivery is indicated when there are signs of fetal distress, prolonged second stage of labor, or maternal medical complications. Risks include laceration, hemorrhage, and injuries to the mother or baby. Proper technique and only performing the procedure when fully trained can help minimize risks.
Face Presentation
This document provides information on face presentation during childbirth. It defines face presentation as a cephalic presentation with the fetus in a complete extended attitude and the presenting part being the face. The two types of face presentation are primary (presenting before labor) and secondary (caused by extension during labor). The main positions are left and right mentoanterior and mentoposterior. Face presentation has a higher risk of complications compared to vertex presentation such as prolonged labor and increased need for operative delivery. The management involves allowing labor to progress for mentoanterior positions but cesarean section is usually needed for persistent mentoposterior.
E coli - Microbiology
E. coli is a normal flora in the gut but can cause several infections. It is the most common cause of urinary tract infections and can lead to different types of gastroenteritis depending on the strain. Some strains like EHEC O157:H7 can cause hemorrhagic colitis and potentially fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome in young children and the elderly. E. coli is also known to cause neonatal meningitis, wound infections after surgeries, and sepsis.
Blood supply of brain
The brain receives a high blood supply to meet its metabolic demands. Arterial blood reaches the brain through the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, forming the circle of Willis at the base of the brain before branching into smaller vessels. Venous blood drains from the brain into internal jugular veins. Disruption of blood flow to the brain through cerebrovascular accidents like stroke can cause rapid loss of consciousness or permanent brain damage. Cerebrospinal fluid produced by choroid plexuses circulates within ventricles and around the brain and spinal cord, carrying nutrients and waste products.
Comprehensive Overview of Medical Genetics
This document discusses genetic diseases and abnormal fetal development. It begins with definitions of genetic terms like genetic code, chromosomes, genes, and cell division. It then discusses abnormal fetal development including malformations, deformations, and disruptions caused by chromosomal abnormalities, genetic defects, and environmental factors. The document ends by covering perinatal pathology including birth defects and metabolic disorders.
Short Review of Thalassemias
This document provides information on thalassemia, a group of genetic disorders that result in reduced hemoglobin production and anemia. It discusses the different types of thalassemia including alpha and beta thalassemia. Alpha thalassemia is caused by genetic deletions of the alpha globin genes and has varying severity from silent carrier to Hemoglobin H Disease to Bart's Hydrops Fetalis Syndrome. Beta thalassemia results from mutations in the beta globin genes and includes forms ranging from silent carrier to beta thalassemia minor to intermedia to major. Laboratory tests outlined can help diagnose and differentiate types of thalassemia based on red blood cell morphology, hemoglobin analysis and iron studies.
More from Dr ABU SURAIH SAKHRI (20)
Development of male and female reproductive system
Development of male and female reproductive system
Recently uploaded
NARCOTICS- POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS USE
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in NABH accredited hospitals.
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ORSI 2024.pptx
Indication and installation of a mobile cervical disc prosthesis. Benefits of the PRODISC C VIVO mobile disc prosthesis (Centinel Spine)
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
SENSORY NEEDS B.SC. NURSING SEMESTER II.
Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding environment.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdf
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdfChulalongkorn Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group
Pollen and Fungal allergy
Presented by Chaloemchai Chumsaengchotsakul, MD.
June 14, 2024Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Recently uploaded (20)
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Urticaria and drug eruptions
- 1. URTICARIA, EM & DRUG ERUPTIONS
- 4. URTICARIA • WHEALS ---------- transient <24hrs superficial, well demarcated --------- erythematous/pale swellings of dermis with itching
- 6. ANGIOEDEMA / QUINCKE’S EDEMA -poorly defined -affects deeper dermal,s/c,submucosal -pale/normal colour -usually last longer -painful
- 7. CLASSIFICATION • BASED ON DURATION A/C ,C/C , episodic
- 8. CLASSIFICATION • BASED ON CLINICAL PICTURE -ordinary-a/c ,c/c -physical&cholinergic -urticarial vasculitis -contact urticaria -angioedema without wheals
- 9. ACUTE URTICARIA • CAUSES -IDIOPATHIC -ALLERGIC drug(penicillin), food(eg.shellfish), sting(eg.bee) -NON ALLERGIC histamine liberators -vanco pseudo allergic- NSAIDS, pineapple - INFECTION
- 10. CHRONIC URTICARIA • PROVOKING/AGGRAVATING FACTORS - drugs -food & food additives -infection / infestation -inhalants -systemic d/s -implants -menstrual cycle & pregnancy -stress
- 11. AUTOIMMUNE URTICARIA • Due autoantibodies against FC€R1 receptors or to IgE bound to the same receptor • Lead to cross linking of 2 adjacent FC€R1 receptors and mast cell degranulation
- 13. PHYSICAL URTICARIA • DERMOGRAPHISM • DELAYED PRESSURE URTICARIA • CHOLINERGIC URTICARIA • COLD URTICARIA • SOLAR URTICARIA • AQUAGENIC URTICARIA
- 14. URTICARIAL VASCULITIS • >24-48hrs • Burn/itch • Tender/painful • Residual bruising / staining • Pupuric spots / rarely bullae • Constitutional sympyoms
- 15. CONTACT URTICARIA • ALLERGIC allergen penetrate (eg.oral allergy syn) • NON ALLERGIC by direct injection of vasoactive chemicals by plants(eg.nettles) or animals(eg.caterpillars)
- 16. Treatment of urticaria • Antihistamines-H1 ,H2 • Steroids -a/c exacerbation -UV -severe DPU • Epinephrine-AE • Plasmapheresis,IVIg, cyclosporine
- 17. HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA • AD • C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency • Type1,2,3 • C4 screening, C1 esterase functional assay • Rx-attenuated androgens,FFP, partly purified prep.n
- 18. ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME • young age • Mainly by infecton & drugs • MCC- herpes simplex infection • Extremities & face • Mucosa may be involved • Subsides in few weeks • Typical lesion- target lesion
- 22. Target / iris lesion • 3 ZONES CENTRAL- dusky violaceous erythema/blister/necrosis MIDDLE- pale edematous OUTER-erythema
- 23. treatment • Symptomatic • Systemic steroids if severe • Acyclovir if recurrent
- 24. SJS TEN SPECTRUM • SJS BSA<10%, 2 or mucosa involved • SJS-TEN OVERLAP BSA 10- 30% • TEN BSA>30%
- 25. Drugs causing • SHORT TERM - penicillin,sulpha,quinolones, cephalosporin ,p.mol LONG TERM -anticonvulsants,ATT,ART, allopurinol
- 28. SJS • Sudden onset • Prodrome • Skin- erosions/blisters OR EM like lesions • Mucosa –oral(100%), eye(91%), genital(57%)
- 31. TEN • SKIN -poorly defined macules with purpuric/blistering centres -EM like maculopapular rash -confluent erythema -blisters over palms&soles • Extensive mucosal lesions • Nikolsky +ve
- 32. Immediate Rx • Withdrawal of offending drug • Fluid replacement • Nutritional support • Dressing • Temp regulation • Corticosteroids,IVIg, cyclosporine
- 33. Continuing management • Ophthalmic / oral care • Antibiotics • Monitoring of complications • Prevention of recurrences
- 34. Prognosis-SCORTEN index -age>40 -HR>120 -BUN>28mg/dl -RBS>252mg/dl -HCO3- <20mg/ml -initial BSA>30% -presence of malignancy 1-3.2% 5or>5-90%
- 36. FDE • Recurs at same site • After 30mts-8hr • Round/oval, sharply demarcated,itchy lesion • Erythema&edema…..dusky violaceous brown…..crusting&scaling………….post inflammatory hyperpigmentation
- 38. • Limbs,hands&feet • Oral,anal&genital • Repeated attacks-new lesions,lesions increase in size • Cotrimoxazole,tetracycline, NSAIDS
- 40. EXANTHEMATIC DRUG ERUPTION • Most common • Upto 3 weeks • Erosive stomatitis • Face&pressure areas spared • Intertriginous areas favoured • Palmar&plantar lesions • Purpuric lesions • Penicillin,sulpha,NSAIDS, anticonvulsant
- 41. DHS • DRESS / DIDMOHS • After 3-6 weeks • Facial edema with infiltrated papules • Exnthematous rash …..exfoliative dermatitis • Hepatitis,nephritis,pneumonitis,myocarditis
- 42. • Hypereosinophilia&atypical lymphocytes • LNE • DRUGS-anticonvulsants,sulpha, dapsone,minocycline, terbinafine • Rx- steroids
- 43. Drug induced pseudolymphoma syndrome • More insidious onset – usually after 7 weeks • Facial edema+ but no fever • Ery. plaques / multiple infiltrative papules / solitary nodule • Rx- drug withdrawal • Anticonvulsants,antipsychotics,antihistamines,CCB,ACEI,beta blocker
- 44. AGEP • Multiple pustules with fever mimicking pustular psoriasis • within 24 hrs • Start on face& flexures • penicillin / macrolide