1.IMPACT OF PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
2.SERVICE DELIVERY
3.PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
4.PRIVATE SERVICE DELIVERY
5.WHY WE NEED PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
6.SOME OF KEY PUBLIC SERVICE
7.DIGITAL SERVICE 'E'
8.POSITIVE IMPACT
9.NEGATIVE IMPACT/ CHALLENGES THAT IMPEDE THESE REFORMS INCLUDE
10.AFFECTING GOVERNMENT REFORMS
RTI
11.CITIZENS CHARTER
12.E-GOVERNANCE
13.THANK YOU
CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF DECENTRALISATION IN LESOTHOJohn1Lorcan
Decentralisation facilitates participation and helps deepen democracy. Nevertheless, it has been confronted with diverse challenges in Lesotho. First, the process has not succeeded to improve participation relative to the traditional system that preceded it. Second, it pitted the chiefs against counsellors. Third, it is hampered by lack of financial resources, human resources and the central government’s tendency to intrude in local government’s affairs and dictate the course of action. However, the prospects demonstrate that there ispolitical will to decentralise although there is still need to addresssome challenges. Firstly, the central government has to devolve financial powers to the local units.Secondly, it has to ensure a smooth relationship between counsellors and chiefs and continue augmenting the budget allocated to the local government. Finally, it has to promote the use of internet technology and consider making chieftainship the last sub-unit of the local government
Bureaucracy and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Buhari’s Change AgendaAJHSSR Journal
The issue of corruption has taken the front burner in public discourse in Nigeria. This is
particularly because of the leadership that emerged in the country from the 2015 general elections concluded in
April same year. The emergence of President Muhammadu Buhari as the country‘s President has made the issue
of corruption to resonate with a deafening intensity as the fight against corruption became the major item on the
campaign promises of the All Progressive Congress (APC), the current ruling party in the country. This paper
addresses the issue of corruption in Nigeria‘s bureaucracy and its implications for the change mantra of the
Buhari civilian administration. The paper adopts a qualitative method and relied on secondary sources of data. It
also adopted the theory of anomie and the contradictions of bureaucracy as a theoretical framework. It defines
bureaucracy and corruption, gives an overview of bureaucratic corruption and highlights its implications on the
Buhari‘s change agenda. It discusses in great detail the implications of the corruption in the bureaucracy on the
sustenance and consolidation of democracy as well as the change agenda of the Buhari government and
highlights such issues as poverty and underdevelopment, negative impacts on productivity and efficiency, the
deprivation of the citizenry of the benefits of good governance and the much needed dividends of democracy
among others.It argues that if the bureaucracy in Nigeria is not purged of all corrupt tendencies it will be
impossible for it to drive the much needed change necessary for democratic consolidation and recommends the
need to strengthen the anti-corruption agencies, making accountability and transparency an article of faith,
addressing the issues of salaries and wages, thorough investigation and prosecution of corrupt public officials as
well as a reorientation of Nigerians on the need to avoid corrupt practices. It is hopeful that this study will lend a
voice to the current war against corruption and assist the anti corruption agencies in their fight against the
menace in the civil and public service.
1.IMPACT OF PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
2.SERVICE DELIVERY
3.PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
4.PRIVATE SERVICE DELIVERY
5.WHY WE NEED PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
6.SOME OF KEY PUBLIC SERVICE
7.DIGITAL SERVICE 'E'
8.POSITIVE IMPACT
9.NEGATIVE IMPACT/ CHALLENGES THAT IMPEDE THESE REFORMS INCLUDE
10.AFFECTING GOVERNMENT REFORMS
RTI
11.CITIZENS CHARTER
12.E-GOVERNANCE
13.THANK YOU
CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF DECENTRALISATION IN LESOTHOJohn1Lorcan
Decentralisation facilitates participation and helps deepen democracy. Nevertheless, it has been confronted with diverse challenges in Lesotho. First, the process has not succeeded to improve participation relative to the traditional system that preceded it. Second, it pitted the chiefs against counsellors. Third, it is hampered by lack of financial resources, human resources and the central government’s tendency to intrude in local government’s affairs and dictate the course of action. However, the prospects demonstrate that there ispolitical will to decentralise although there is still need to addresssome challenges. Firstly, the central government has to devolve financial powers to the local units.Secondly, it has to ensure a smooth relationship between counsellors and chiefs and continue augmenting the budget allocated to the local government. Finally, it has to promote the use of internet technology and consider making chieftainship the last sub-unit of the local government
Bureaucracy and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Buhari’s Change AgendaAJHSSR Journal
The issue of corruption has taken the front burner in public discourse in Nigeria. This is
particularly because of the leadership that emerged in the country from the 2015 general elections concluded in
April same year. The emergence of President Muhammadu Buhari as the country‘s President has made the issue
of corruption to resonate with a deafening intensity as the fight against corruption became the major item on the
campaign promises of the All Progressive Congress (APC), the current ruling party in the country. This paper
addresses the issue of corruption in Nigeria‘s bureaucracy and its implications for the change mantra of the
Buhari civilian administration. The paper adopts a qualitative method and relied on secondary sources of data. It
also adopted the theory of anomie and the contradictions of bureaucracy as a theoretical framework. It defines
bureaucracy and corruption, gives an overview of bureaucratic corruption and highlights its implications on the
Buhari‘s change agenda. It discusses in great detail the implications of the corruption in the bureaucracy on the
sustenance and consolidation of democracy as well as the change agenda of the Buhari government and
highlights such issues as poverty and underdevelopment, negative impacts on productivity and efficiency, the
deprivation of the citizenry of the benefits of good governance and the much needed dividends of democracy
among others.It argues that if the bureaucracy in Nigeria is not purged of all corrupt tendencies it will be
impossible for it to drive the much needed change necessary for democratic consolidation and recommends the
need to strengthen the anti-corruption agencies, making accountability and transparency an article of faith,
addressing the issues of salaries and wages, thorough investigation and prosecution of corrupt public officials as
well as a reorientation of Nigerians on the need to avoid corrupt practices. It is hopeful that this study will lend a
voice to the current war against corruption and assist the anti corruption agencies in their fight against the
menace in the civil and public service.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to :
Good Governance leads to flourishing Society and Nation - Indian PerspectiveSaurabh Gupta
Good Governance leads to flourishing Society and Nation - Indian Perspective
Contents
1. Problems faced by society due toBad Governance
2. What is good governance
3. Pillars of Good Governance
4. What is good about Good Governance?
5. Who is responsible forGood Governance?
6. Good Governance Strategies - India
7. Good Governance Initiatives in India
8. Good Governance – Implications for Indian civil servants
9. Positive effects of Good Governance
Note: Many thanks to my team members for making this ppt possible.
Towards improving service delivery in local authorities. A case of Chegutu Mu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to :
Good Governance leads to flourishing Society and Nation - Indian PerspectiveSaurabh Gupta
Good Governance leads to flourishing Society and Nation - Indian Perspective
Contents
1. Problems faced by society due toBad Governance
2. What is good governance
3. Pillars of Good Governance
4. What is good about Good Governance?
5. Who is responsible forGood Governance?
6. Good Governance Strategies - India
7. Good Governance Initiatives in India
8. Good Governance – Implications for Indian civil servants
9. Positive effects of Good Governance
Note: Many thanks to my team members for making this ppt possible.
Towards improving service delivery in local authorities. A case of Chegutu Mu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Effects of Political Leadership on Reduction of Poverty and Inequality in Enu...ijtsrd
The study investigated the effects of political leadership on reduction of poverty and inequality in Enugu State, Nigeria between 2007 and 2019. Two specific objectives and corresponding hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study utilized social Contract theory as the framework of analysis. The study utilized primary and secondary source of data. The primary data was obtained through interview and observation methods while secondary data was obtained through text books, News paper, Journals, government official documents and internet materials. Nine Local Government Areas were used for the study and they were chosen through purposive judgmental sampling techniques. The data for the study was presented using simple table, percentage, mean and Chart. Hypotheses were tested using Chi square contingency test. The findings for the study revealed as follows that the activities of Enugu State government are the major cause of poverty in the state, that the project strategies employed by Enugu state government have contributed significantly in mitigating poverty and inequalities in the state, that the measures adopted by the political leadership of the state have contributed very little in reducing poverty and inequalities in Enugu state, that there are significant measures adopted by the political leadership of Enugu state in poverty and inequality reduction. Based on the background, hypotheses and findings, it was recommended thus Enugu state government should provide the basic needs and good policies that will guarantee good living condition, that there should be adequate funding, There is need for proper re orientation in way of managing the resources of the state, There should be no interference from the government in the choice of project for the communities, anti corruption agencies must not only be made to function independently of government apparatus but must have the capacity to institute an executive sanctions, that there is need to appraise and understand the social , political, economic, and cultural contexts of communities before the institution of intervention projects in the communities. Ugwu Darlington Ogbonna | Chikelue Ofuebe | Nwakamma Michael C. "Effects of Political Leadership on Reduction of Poverty and Inequality in Enugu State Nigeria, 2007 -2019" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46405.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/46405/effects-of-political-leadership-on-reduction-of-poverty-and-inequality-in-enugu-state-nigeria-2007-2019/ugwu-darlington-ogbonna
Local Government Reforms as Instrument for National Development in Nigeriaijtsrd
The study examined local government reforms as instrument for national development in Nigeria using qualitative data that rely on content analysis of extant literature that supports the aim of establishing and reforming the local government as the third tier of government to act as a veritable instrument for national development in Nigeria. However, available empirical literature has argued that despite the important role of local government as the third tier of government and an instrument of development, there is a glaring evidence of serious inadequacies. They posits that the current state of Local Government in Nigeria is characterized by unbridled interference of the State Government which is quite dismal largely due to poor management of resources, lack of autonomy, inadequate local leadership among others. Thus, to realize fully the intended development using Local governments as instrument, Local governments should be democratized and adequate measures provided to check the siphoning tendencies of its managements. Ezeozue, Chidozie "Local Government Reforms as Instrument for National Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30331.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/30331/local-government-reforms-as-instrument-for-national-development-in-nigeria/ezeozue-chidozie
Corporate Governance in Local Governments of the Public Sector for Sustainabl...ijtsrd
Corporate governance in the public sector, particularly, in local governments is crucial to quality service delivery, citizen participation and sustainable development. Using Integrative Review approach, the study sought to review literature on corporate governance in local governments of the public sector. The results, according to the frame of the study based on selected literature revealed that most studies focused on one rather than two or more countries, there appeared to be less quantitative studies than qualitative studies, there seemed to be more reviews on the subject than empirical studies. The study confirms that public sector corporate governance as a concept is receiving some attention in both practice and literature. Isaac Jerry Kwabena Asare | Yusheng Kong "Corporate Governance in Local Governments of the Public Sector for Sustainable Development: An Integrated Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33504.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/33504/corporate-governance-in-local-governments-of-the-public-sector-for-sustainable-development-an-integrated-review/isaac-jerry-kwabena-asare
This paper outlines challenges to the provision of basic social services in resettlement areas in Zimbabwe, particularly adequate health facilities and schools. The paper discusses the process of resettlement, which took place rapidly and with little planning. Research was conducted in Midlands province in Vungu and Tongogara districts, in Kushinga, Lukhuluba and Zhaugwe wards. Data was collected through individual interviews, consultations and focus group discussions.
Women Participation in Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) in Ond...ijtsrd
The study examined women participation in Community and Social Development Project CSDP in Ondo State, Nigeria. The data obtained from 120 women were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage, mean as well as Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Chi square. The mean age of the respondents was 42 years. More than half 56.7 of the respondents had average family size of 6 persons. Most 73.0 of the respondents were ordinary members of Community Groups and 35 percent were relatively low income earners with the average income of 18,700. About 86 percent of the respondents indicated farming as their livelihood activities. The level of participation was low with a grand mean score of 2.03 and this could be due to some perceived factors affecting participation in CSDP. Significant relationships existed between age, family size and level of women participation in CSDP. The Chi square result showed that significant association existed between social status, occupation and level of women participation in CSDP. More sensitization on CSDP projects is therefore recommended and women should be encouraged to take up leadership position. Development strategies and plan should also be well structured to enhance the mobilization of youths and middle aged women in the Project. Ajayi, Grace Tolulope | Ajiboye Abiodun | Oluwatusin, Femi Michael "Women Participation in Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) in Ondo State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29310.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/29310/women-participation-in-community-and-social-development-project-csdp-in-ondo-state-nigeria/ajayi-grace-tolulope
Participatory Rural Development in Nigeria An Assessment of the 3’I’s Initiat...YogeshIJTSRD
Genuine rural development in a developing society depend largely on the participation of the rural dwellers on the policy formulation and implementation, especially in the area of development project. The rural people play a vital role in the economic and political develop of the nation. In spite of the facts that the bulk of economic produce as well as vote come from the rural area but the development is nothing to write about because the rural people are not involved in the policy formulation and implementation by the pass administration in the state. Fapetu Oluwadamilola V | Siyaka Mohammed "Participatory Rural Development in Nigeria: An Assessment of the 3’I’s Initiatives in Ondo State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38663.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/38663/participatory-rural-development-in-nigeria-an-assessment-of-the-3’i’s-initiatives-in-ondo-state/fapetu-oluwadamilola-v
Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country A Cas...ijtsrd
"This study focuses on accountability and public sector performance in the third world country A case study of Nigeria. The study is a demonstration of simple random sampling techniques on the bases of which a survey administration of questionnaires was done. The data collected was analysed by using chi square statistical tool. The result revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of transparency public office holders and public sector performance using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The findings revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of integrity of public office holders and performance output within short and long period their regime using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The paper recommends that issue of immunity clause as treated in the 1999 Constitution as amended must be revisited to improve accountability of public officeholder in Nigeria public service. Public officeholders need be made to answer for any suspected acts of funds misappropriation or mismanagement irrespective of social status. Oloruntoba Sunday Rufus | Gbemigun Catherine O ""Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country: A Case Study of Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21748.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21748/accountability-and-public-sector-performance-in-the-third-world-country-a-case-study-of-nigeria/oloruntoba-sunday-rufus"
It is a summarized document explaining the role of technology in assisting Kenyan youths in combating corruption through accountability. The presentation outlines various channels such as budget planning, community score cards and other process in which the youth can use ICT to combat this vice. The presentation also gives examples of the issues so far raised by youths on social media.
This paper presents an empirical justification of participation of common people in different factors of administration through the policy of decentralization. The background structure of the paper mainly based on the developing country oriented social structure. Through this paper, we can also understand the heterogeneity in the administrative structure. Under this differentiate structure this paper tries to understand the extent of participation of the common people in the administrative decision. In the conclusion part, here in this paper, we try to define the term “Citizen Participation” through the idea of redistribution of administrative power among the civic society for getting an affluent society.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Citizen participation and service delivery at the local
1. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3240 (Paper) ISSN 2224-3259 (Online)
Vol.27, 2014
102
Citizen Participation and Service Delivery at the Local
Government Level: A Case of Ise/Orun Local Government In
Ekiti State, Nigeria
Toyin Abe PhD
Department of Political Science Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti,
PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
E-mail: toyinabe777@yahoo.com
Oluwaleye Janet Monisola
Department Of Political Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti,
PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
E-mail: jmoluwaleye@gmail.com
Introduction
Service delivery is an essential function in the relation between government bodies and citizens.
According to Eigema(2007), Service delivery is the government’s key task.The best yardstick to measure
government performance of good governance is through service delivery to the people. A government is
expected to deliver better services to its people, and the indices of measuring service delivery to the people
include low inflation, better education, provision of improved health care at affordable rates, provision of clean
water, provision of good roads and good road networks to the rural areas for the transport of agricultural
products and raw materials etc. (Akanji et al, 2011). Despite Nigeria earning over $800 billion in oil revenue in
56 years since oil was first discovered in the country in the South-South in 1956(Izuora,2013), poverty index
remain very high. According to African Development Bank, “The proportion of people living below the national
poverty line has worsened from 65.5 per cent in 1996 to 69.0 per cent in 2010. “Poverty is higher in rural areas at
73.2 per cent than in urban area at 61.8 per cent.” (theeagleonline,com.ng/news/nigerias-poverty-level-has-
worsened-afdb/).
The creation of local government anywhere in the world stems from the need to facilitate development
at the grassroots. The importance of local government is a function of its ability to generate sense of
belongingness, safety and satisfaction among its populace. The Nigerian state therefore created local government
as the third tier of government whose objective is to ensure effective, measurable and efficient service delivery
to the people (Arowolo, 2008). The need to improve local government service delivery cannot be
overemphasized.Mathoho argued that government’s service delivery is a response to moral obligation and is
attached to the economic growth and the alleviation of poverty(Mathoho, M.).The demand for social service at
rural level is on the increase because of the increase in population. More than 70 percent of the Nigerian
population reside in the rural areas and are directly or indirectly affected by services rendered by the third tier
governments(Agba et al, 2013).
One of the major reasons for establishing Local Government is to bring government to the local
communities so that the local people can participate fully in the process of governance, in order to provide
essential local services and thus speed up the pace of social, economic and political development (Amujiri,
2012). Following this fundamental purpose of local government, the Guidelines on the 1976 Local Government
reforms makes community participation imperative on Local Government. The principal objectives of the
Reform as provided by the Guidelines were to:
(a). make appropriate services and development activities responsive to local wishes and initiative by
devolving and delegating them to local representative bodies;
(b). facilitate the exercise of democratic self-government close to the local levels of our society, and to
encourage initiative and leadership potential;
(c). mobilize human and material resources through the involvement of members of the public in their local
development;
(d). provide a two-way, channel of communication between local communities and government (both state
and federal).
Consequently, nations have been battling for the establishment of viable local government that will bring
both government and development nearer to the people(ibid.).The establishment of Nigerian local government
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system was with good intentions. Their major aim was for this third level of government to positively affect the
lives of the people at the grass roots. But the system, unfortunately, has been ‘hijacked’ by politicians and senior
bureaucrats for personal enrichment. Thus, local government in Nigeria can be sarcastically described as a place
where the chairman and other key officials meet to share money monthly(Agba,et al, op cit.). Reasoning along
this description, Agba (ibid.) succinctly argued that the provision of basic social services such as education,
health, maintenance of roads, and other public utilities within the jurisdiction of most local governments in the
country is both a myth and mirage; as the tenure of local government chairmen is primitively conceived as a
period of wealth accumulation and not about service to the people. The problem of service delivery through local
government appears to be an endemic one, with lack of development in most local areas. It has been argued that
there is a general problem of accountability at the local government level in the use of public resources that are
transferred from higher tiers of government, and about which local citizens may not be well informed. Others
identified lack of transparency in the working of public institutions, poor implementation, non-participatory
methods of designing policies, programmes and service delivery by the government institutions and the
absence of effective institutions for checking corruption.(Adesopo,2011:113;Mapuva,2011;Okojie, 2009).
Anything that affect effective operation of local government, widely acknowledged as a viable
instrument for delivery of essential services to the people will definitely affect adversely, the lives of the
citizenry. It is one thing for services to be provided, it is another thing to provide services that meet the needs of
the people. The need for political participation for effective service delivery at the local level cannot be over-
emphasised.The people at the grassroots know what public services are needed, by whom, and how best to
deliver them.
It is against this backdrop that this paper examines and analyses the need for grassroots participation for
effective service delivery and community development. It examines the efforts of local government in provision
of good roads, water, and healthcare service delivery in the state.
The study would be guided by the following research questions which constitute the basic research
problem of the study:
i. What social service has Ise/Orun Local Government undertaken between 2003 – 2012, whether completed or
uncompleted?
ii. How were social services like the provision of potable water, rural roads, health centres, selected and how are
they relevant to the people?
iii. Which factor(s) affected the effective and efficient delivery of social services mentioned in item ii above?
iv. What are the best approaches to effective and efficient social service delivery by Ise/Orun Local
Government?
The Study Area
Ise/Orun is a Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. It has an area of 432 km² and a population of
113,754 at the 2006 census. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise/Orun).Ise - Ekiti is the headquarter of Ise/OrunLocal
Government Area, along with Orun. Its geographic coordinates are7°27′36″N5°25′12″E. As of 2007 Ise Ekiti
had an estimated population of 204,022(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise-Ekiti)..Some farmsteads which include: Aba
Onisu, Ajebamidele, Oladoyinbo, Obada, Ogbese, Kajola, Afolu, EgbiraEse
and AbaOsogbo(ekitistate.gov.ng/2013/01/iseorun-caretaker-chairman-charges-committee-on-maintenance-of-
boreholes/).
Gap- in- Literature and Contribution of the Study to Existing Knowledge
The contribution of the present study to existing knowledge is that most works reviewed were too general and
theoretical in approach. The works tend to discuss issues affecting local governments especially service delivery
as if all the local governments are same in Nigeria without due reference to some of their peculiarities such as
environment; rural and urban nature; financial capacity; leadership quality; level of governance awareness of the
population; etc.
The present study is empirical in that it adopted survey method like questionnaire, interview, and personal
observation, in studying the performance of Ise/Orun Local Government of Ekiti State from 2003 to 2012.
Operationalization of Key Variables
The key variables of the study are operationalized in order toorder to situate them within the context of our
analysis make bear their ‘empirical indicators’The variables operationalized in the study are: service delivery,
accountability, participation, transparency, corruption.
Service delivery: In this study, service delivery refers to the provision of social services, such as potable water
supply, good roads, healthcare delivery and electricity, intended to alleviate human suffering and by extension,
enhance the quality of life of the citizens.
Participation: Political participation as used in this study refers totaking part of people in the process of
formulation, passage and implementation of public policies that affect them.The World Bank Learning Group on
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Participation agreed with this understanding as they define participation as a .process through which stakeholders
influence and share control over development initiatives and the decisions and resources which affect them
(Gaventa and Valderrama, 1999). From this perspective, participation could be seen in the level of consultation
or decision making in all phases of a project cycle, from needs assessment, to appraisal, to implementation, to
monitoring and evaluation.
Accountability: Accountability in this study refers to the degree to which local governments have to explain or
justify what they have done or failed to do.
Corruption: In this study, corruption refers to diversion of resources from the betterment of the community to
the gain of individuals at the expense of the community.
Research Methodology
Research Design
A survey design on the performance of Ise/Orun Local Government of Ekiti State, in service delivery from 2003
to 2012 was taken. Data were obtained primarily through, personal observation, interview and questionnaire
administered on respondents selected from residents and indigenes of Ise/Orun Local Government Area. The
data obtained were used descriptively on the variables studied.
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique
The population of the study consists of residents and indigenes of Ise/OrunLocal Government. A total of
100questionnaires was administered.
A sample size of 100 respondents consisting of 50respondents from the local government headquarter and 50
from the villages under the local governments. This sample size was purposively or judgmentally selectedto
assess the overall development in the local government. However data gathered through questionnaire were
complimented with personal observation and interview.
Methods of Data Collection
Data for the study were sourced through primary and secondary sources. The primary sources consisted of
questionnaire, personal observation, and interview. The study used the following secondary sources: textbooks,
journals,articles, magazines, newspapers, government publications and internet-based materials.
Validity and Reliability of Research Instrument
To ensure the content validity of the research instrument (questionnaire), the researcher compared the items
raised in the questionnaire with the research questions. Through this, it was ensured that the research instrument
covered the variables investigated in the study. The research instrument was also subjected to professional
scrutiny of the researcher’s supervisor and other experts for the purpose of boosting its content validity.
Reliability was ensured through comparing the findings from the research instrument with similar study like
Agba et al(2013). The result shows that the research instrument is reliable, as there are consistencies in the data
supplied by the respondents with the findings of the previous similar study. There is therefore an acceptable and
satisfactory validity and reliability.
Methods of Data Analysis
Data from questionnaires administered are presented in tabular and pictorial forms followed by brief discussion.
The research questions of the study were analysed using simple percentage statistical method. The results of
personal observation, and interview conducted were also incorporated into the discussion.
Data Presentation, Analysis and Discussion
Data presented and analyzed in this section were generated from personal observation, interview and
questionnaire administered to 100 residents and indigenes of Ise/Orun local governmentwho were purposively
selected.
Figure 1: Sex Composition of Respondents
Male-49
Female-51
The female respondents from figure 1 above are slightly bigger than male composition. As female residents and
indigenes, they are likely encumbered with family activities which can put them in a better position to assess the
efficiency of social services.
Table 1: Awareness of Service Delivery of Ise/Orun Local Government
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Yes 66 66%
No 6 6%
Undecided 28 28%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
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Table 1 reveals that majority of the respondents 66% are aware of the social service provision like potable water
,healthcare , good roads and electricity at Ise/Orun Local Government. While6% of the respondents said they are
not aware, 28% were undecided in their position. It can be inferred that this high level of awareness among
respondents is a strong potential that can be harvested for quality, effective and satisfactory service delivery in
the local government.
Table 2: Access to regular electricity in Ise/Orun local government
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Yes 26 26%
No 69 69%
Undecided 5 5%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 2 shows the rating of regular electricity supply in Ise/Orun Local government. The rating reveals that there
is no regular electricity supply in Ise/Orun Local government. This is evidently seen in the 69% who supported
the above rating. 26% respondents said there is regular electricity while 5% were undecided. The high
percentage in support of no regular electricity supply shows the true state of electricity supply in the local
government.
Table 3: What problems do you have with respect to electricity supply in your community?
Problems identified No of Respondents Percentage
i. Irregular electricity 70 70%
ii. Low voltage 01 01%
iii. Stealing cables 01 01%
iv. Faulty transformer 17 17%
v. Others 11 11%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 3 shows that the problem of irregular supply is the major problem associated with electricity in Ise/Orun
local government. 70% of respondents identified irregular supply as the problem, only 1% identified low voltage
as the problem facing electricity supply while 1% also said stealing of cables is the problem , 17% said the
problem is faulty transformer and 11% have other reasons. The high percentage identification of irregular supply
of electricity reveals the actual situation of electricity supply in thelocal government.
Table 4:Accessibility of Health Centres to the people
Options No of Respondents Percentages
Close 70 70%
Far 27 27%
Not Available 3 03%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 4 reveals the accessibility of health centres to the people at Ise/Orun local government. The closeness of
the health centres to the people is seen in the response of 70% of residents and indigenes living in the
community. 27% of respondents said health centres is far from them while only 03% said health centre is not
available.
Table 5: Quality of services-Availability of Drugs and other services
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Good 28 28%
Poor 31 31%
Average 40 40%
Others 01 01%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 5 shows the rating of the quality of services at local government health centres in Ise/Orun local
government. The rating reveals that the local government has not performed to expectation in the quality of
services offered to the people and in the availability of drugs to thepeople. This is evidently seen in the response
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of 31% who said the services is poor and the 41% who said the services is average. 28% of respondents said the
services is good while 01% is of different opinion.
Table 6: Can you say the health centres is well equipped?
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Yes 34 34%
No 51 51%
Undecided 15 15%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 6 reveals that the health centres at the local government are not well equipped. This is seen in the 51% of
response of indigenes and residents of the community. 31% said the health centres are well equipped while 15%
are undecided. Despite the closeness of the health centres to the people, the availability of equipment and the
quality of services is yet to meet the expectation of the people.
Table 7: Reliability of Public Roads in Ise/Orun local government
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Good 20 20%
Average 24 24%
Poor 55 55%
Others 01 01%
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 7 shows the reliability of public roads in Ise/Orun local government. The rating of public roads in Ise/Orun
local government is poor based on the response of 55% opinion of residents and indigenes.24% rated the roads to
be averaged while 24% said the roads are good. 01% is of different opinion. Obviously, results of interview and
observation shows that the quality of public roads in Ise/Orun local government is not good enough, the tarred
roads in the local government headquarters are sworn out and full of potholes while the interlinked roads to the
surrounding villages are inaccessible. Some of the graded roads are usually impassable during raining season.
Table 8: Is there any incidence of waterlogging or deterioration of the local roads during heavy rain?
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Yes 76 76%
No 19 19%
Undecided 05 05%
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 8 shows the rating of deterioration of roads at the local government level during heaving rain. 76% said
there is deterioration of roads and incidences of waterlogging during heavy rain. This reveals the quality of roads
which were not tarred and the quality of roads tarred with sub-standard materials. 19% said there is waterlogging
and deterioration of roads during heavy rain while 05% were undecided.
Table 9:Has there been any repair of roads in your community?
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Yes 42 42%
No 52 52%
Undecided 06 06%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 9 reveals that repairing of roads in the local government is not effective enough. This is seen in the
response of 52% who said there is no repair of roads while 42% said there is repair of roads while 06% were
undecided.
Table 10: Involvement of community in repairing of roads
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Yes 51 51%
No 40 40%
Undecided 09 09%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 10 shows average involvement of the community in repairing of roads in Ise/Orun local government. 51%
of respondents said community were involved in repairing of roads 40% said community were not involved,
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while 09% were undecided. The community from the above response play moderate role in repairing of roads in
their community.
Table 11: Regularity of Potable Water Supply in Ise/Orun local government
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Good 10 10%
Average 17 17%
Poor 72 72%
Others 01 01%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 11 reveals the rating of potable water supply in Ise/Orun local government. The rating reveals that
Ise/Orun local government has performed poorly in the provision of potable water in effective, satisfactory
manner. This is evidently seen in the response of 72% of residents and indigenes of Ise/Orun local government.
17% of respondents said potable water supply is average while 10% said it is good and 01% is different opinion.
The report of SLGP Consultant No 202(2004:24) agreed with this, stated that ‘water supply is from Egbe Dam.
Supply has remain nil over years. Most settlements are not connected’’.
Table 12: How responsive is government at the grassroots in your area to the needs of the society?
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Good 09 09%
Average 21 21%
Poor 59 59%
Others 01 01%
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 12 shows the rating of the responsiveness of local government to needs of the society. 09% said the
response of local government to society needs is good, 21% said it is average while 59% reveals that the
response of local government to the needs of society is poor. Attendance evidence of the poor performance can
be further supported in the inefficient provision of relevant social services in table 4, 6, 7 and 10 above.
Since Ise/Orun local government has not perform excellently in the provision of potable water, good
roads and healthcare delivery in terms of quality and satisfaction, there is need to find out the factors hindering
effective service delivery at Ise/Orun local government.
Table 13: Are people being involved in decision making on local needs?
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Often 16 16%
Rarely 34 34%
Not at all 46 46%
Others 04 04%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 13 reveals the involvement of people in decision making on local needs. The response of 46% who said
they are not involved at all and 34% who said the involvement of people in decision making is rare reveals that
the lack of participation of the people.16% said they are involved while 04% are of different opinion.
Lack of participation may account for the failure of the local government to effectively meet the needs
of the people. This is in line with Gaventa and Valderrama(1999) who believed that an increased participation of
civil society in activities that traditionally formed part of the public sphere it will improve the efficiency of
public services, that it will make local government more accountable, and that it will deepen democracy -
complementing representative forms with more participatory forms.
Table 14: Do you often reach consensus with government at your local level on what is the best interest of the
society?
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Yes 26 26%
No 44 44%
Undecided 27 27%
Others 03 03%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
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Table 14 shows the rating on reaching consensus with government at the local level on what is the best interest
of the society. 26% said they often reach consensus while 44% said they do not and 30% are undecided. The
rating shows it is not a common practice for the government to reach consensus with the people before taking
decision on what is best for them.
This is contrary to The Guardian News(2013) which noted thatworking with citizens allows councils to fine tune
services based on actual needs. It is one thing to provide services, it is another thing to provide the services
needed by the people.
Table 15: Awareness of policies of government for local government
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Yes 40 40%
No 49 49%
Undecided 11 11%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 15 shows the awareness of people about the policies of government for local government. The response
reveals average in the awareness of people, 40% shows the people are not totally ignorant of activities in the
local government level. 49% said they are not aware while 11% are undecicded. This, perhaps may be because of
non-involvement of the people at the stages of policy making and implementation.
Table 16: How often do your leaders give account of their stewardship?
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Often 18 18%
Rarely 29 29%
Not at all 47 47%
Others 04 04%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 16 shows the rating of accountability of leaders of their stewardship. 18% of respondents said theleaders
often give account. 29% said they rarely give account while 47% of the respondents said the leaders don’t give
account at all and 03% have different opinion. The above rating of leadership accountability reveals the failure
of leaders to regularly give account to the people on programmes, implementation of policies and funding. Lack
of accountability and transparency can create an avenue for corruption.
Table 17: Can you say corruption is one of the major causes of poor service delivery in your local government?
Options No of Respondents Percentage
Yes 65 65%
No 19 19%
Undecided 16 16%
Total 100
Source: Field work, 2013
Table 17 reveals the rating of corruption as one of the major causes of poor service delivery in Ise/Orun local
government. The rating reveals that corruption is one of the major causes of poor service delivery in Ise/Orun
local government. The response of 65% residents and indigenes of the community attests to this. 19% said
corruption is not one of the major causes while 165 are undecided.This is in line with Amujiri(2012) who posited
that officials sometimes mis-appropriate funds meant for financing community welfare programmes. This act
aggravates the problem of shortage of fund which has already been discussed. The findings of Agba et al(op cit.)
also supported that corruption contributes to the state of service delivery in Nigeria.
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Table 18: What do you think is the foremost reason for inadequate provision of social services in your local
government?
Options No of Respondents Percentage
i. Poor funding 09 09%
ii. Inefficient useof available fund 27 27%
iii. Lack ofparticipation of people in policy making and implementation 13 13%
iv. Lack of accountability and transparency 47 47%
v. Others 02 02%
Source: Field work, 2013
Obviously, table 18 shows there are factors responsible for inadequate provision of social services in
Ise/Orun local government. From interview and the response to questionnaire, poor funding is identified as
one of the factors. Insufficient use of available fund was also identified, pointing to the failure to judiciously
use the available fund to meet the needs of the society. In line with the insufficient use of fund is the
problem of lack of accountability and transparency which a larger percentage pointed to. Lack of
participation of people in policy making and implementation is another noted factor for inadequate provision
of social services in the local government. Others pointed to the insincerity of political leaders who only
show up when their votes are needed but usually fail to re-surface or fulfill their promises.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Lack of political participation hinders effective service delivery and may as well create an avenue for lack of
transparency and accountability that is necessary for efficient use of available funds for the benefits of the people
in the society. Lack of transparency and accountability leads to corruption which may also be a reason for
ineffective provision of social services for the people at the local level. Kjaer(2011) submitted that where a local
authority is genuinely accountable to a local electorate, it will have more incentive to improve the services for
which it is responsible. He believed that accountability is essential to improved performance and that
accountability is stronger when authorities and those they govern are proximate. Dwellers in the villages find it
difficult to market the farm products due to bad roads, thus deepening their poverty. Ogunleye(2012) maintained
that good road is important for movement of people, goods and services.The available health centres are not well
equipped to give the people good care despite the difficulty of getting potable water. As a result some do opt for
private clinics as succor.When social services are delivered, the development of various units and communities is
enhanced and the quality of life is improved(Popoola, 2011:211).
The following recommendations made in the study have the potentials of injecting the effective service delivery
capacity needed in facilitating development in rural areas. The following recommendations are made in the
study:
i. Participation of the people in decision making, implementation and sustenance of projects at the local
level should be employed.
ii. Transparency and accountability should be ensured if the available resources will be judiciously
utilized. Avenue should be created for leaders to account for their stewardship.
iii. The government at the grassroots should be sincere in meeting the needs of the people at the local level.
Opportunity to serve at the grassroots should not be seen as a privilege to amass quick wealth but
as privilege to serve.
iv. Corruption must be stamped out of the system. Honest and people of proven integrity only should be
given the privilege to serve at the grassroots.
v. Elections to local government posts should be free and fair from primary elections and should be
handled be Independent Electoral Commission. The practice of chosen caretaker committee to
oversee the affairs at local level should be avoided. Leaders should be elected and made to be
accountable to the electorate, not to the House of Assembly.
vi. There is need to cultivate the culture of maintenance of local government projects.
vii. Any project to be carried out should be well monitored to ensure quality and durability of such projects.
viii. Local governments should be given free hand to carry out projects needed in their locality. Political
interference and dictation must be avoided..
References
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Nigeria, International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol2 No 7,(Special Issue), April
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Agba, M. S.,Samuel O. O. and Chukwurah, D.C. J(2013); An Empirical Assessment of Service Delivery
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Amujiri, B. A.(2012); Local Government Community-Participation In Execution And
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Journal of Natural Sciences Research JNSR@iiste.org
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare JBAH@iiste.org
Journal of Food Science and Quality Management FSQM@iiste.org
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research CMR@iiste.org
Education, and other Social Sciences PAPER SUBMISSION EMAIL
Journal of Education and Practice JEP@iiste.org
Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization JLPG@iiste.org
Journal of New Media and Mass Communication NMMC@iiste.org
Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy JETP@iiste.org
Historical Research Letter HRL@iiste.org
Public Policy and Administration Research PPAR@iiste.org
International Affairs and Global Strategy IAGS@iiste.org
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences RHSS@iiste.org
Journal of Developing Country Studies DCS@iiste.org
Journal of Arts and Design Studies ADS@iiste.org