The Role of “Scale” on the Acceleration of Social Interaction in Urban Spaces
1 * Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Mohammad Zare Image result for research orcid ,
3 Mitra Karimi Image result for research orcid
1 Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and urbanism, Tehran, Iran
2 & 3 University of Tehran, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran, Iran
1 E-mail: Kaveh.haa@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: zare.md@ut.ac.ir ,
3 E-mail: mitrakarimi@modares.ac.ir
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 8 March 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 8 August 2021
Available online: 18 August 2021
Keywords:
Urban Space;
Obsolescent Neighborhoods,
Social Interaction,
Evaluation Indicators,
Functional Scale.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Rehabilitation projects are interventions that can lead to the transformation of the socio-spatial structure of obsolescent neighborhoods. The main intention of such projects is the creation and/or improvement of social interactions after physical and functional interventions. Urban Renewal Organization of Tehran (UROT) is tasked with identification of target obsolescent neighborhoods, preparation of neighborhood development plans and implementation of rehabilitation projects to improve the quality of space and stimulate social interactions. In this paper, three urban spaces in different scales (“micro” for neighborhoods, “meso” for local and “macro” for trans-local scales), designed and implemented by UROT, were selected as a case study. By designing and filling a questionnaire and after analyzing research findings, the effect of the scale of the urban project on different activities was evaluated based on the Gehl model. Overall, in the expanded model based on the scale of space, an inverse ratio between the scale of space and both optional selective and social activities has been revealed.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 59-68.
Community Participation in Decision Making Processes in Urban Planning: The Case of Kaunas
M.A. Laura Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė Image result for research orcid, Dr. Aušra Mlinkauskienė Image result for research orcid
a and b Kaunas University of Technology, Civil engineering and architecture faculty, Kaunas, Lithuania
E mail 1: laura.jankauskaite-jureviciene@ktu.lt, Email 2: ausra.mlinkauskiene@ktu.lt
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 July 2020
Accepted 29 August 2020
Available online 18 September 2020
Keywords:
Community;
Urban planning;
Spatial planning;
Decision-making processes.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Participation in decision-making processes foreshadows enabling citizens, communities, non-governmental organizations and other interested parties to influence the formulation of policies and laws affecting them. The purpose of this study is not only to review Lithuanian legal documents but also to analyse recent processes in Kaunas city planning. Kaunas city is undergoing various urban processes, which do not always meet the needs of the community. This study presents an analysis of the forms of community involvement in the urban planning processes and survey data on the effectiveness of community involvement. The methodology requires using a sociological survey with representatives of the city community and a comparative analysis between legal obligations and actual urbanization process.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 197-208.
Roles of Drop-in Centers in Street Children Interventions: Design Guidelines and Humanitarian Emergency Architecture Adaptations
* M.Sc. Ruba Azzam Image result for research orcid, Dr. Karim Kesseiba Image result for research orcid, Dr. Ahmed Abdelghaffar Image result for research orcid
Dr. Mennat-Allah El Husseiny Image result for research orcid
a, b, c and d Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering and Building Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Email 1: ruba-azzam90@hotmail.com , Email 2: karimkesseiba@gmail.com , Email 3: amaghaffar@gmail.com
Email 4: mennatallahelhusseiny@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 July 2020
Accepted 3 September 2020
Available online 8 September 2020
Keywords:
Street Children;
Drop-in centers;
Child-Rehabilitation centers;
Architecture for Humanitarian Emergencies;
Child Friendly Spaces (CFS).
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
For decades, numerous countries have been witnessing the Street Children phenomenon where millions of children worldwide are subjected to risks. Despite the crucial role of intermediate non-residential interventions - using drop-in centers- in protecting and rehabilitating street children, there is a paucity of research addressing the quality of design of these centers and how architecture might influence their operational process. Those observations invite investigating drop-in centers used in practice from a design perspective and question adapting architectural applications for humanitarian emergencies, focusing on “Child-Friendly Spaces”. The study aims to provide solutions for better quality design, facilitating operational challenges. The methodology undertakes the investigation through primary and secondary axes. This involves conducting literature and international precedents review and secondarily, an Egyptian contextual first-hand documentation and qualitative analysis of selected centers.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 151-168.
Enhancing Security in Affordable Housing: The Case of Prince Fawaz Project
Professor Dr. Maged Attia Image result for research orcid
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
Email: mattia@kau.edu.sa
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 March 2021
Accepted 15 May 2021
Available online 30 May 2021
Keywords:
Environmental crime;
Enhancing security;
Crime rates;
Prince Fawaz project;
Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT
The present study argues that the urban form of affordable housing projects affects safety and security. The study examines the level of safety and security in the Prince Fawaz project proposing recommendations that enhance it. Theories and approaches concerned with the environmental crime are initially reviewed. Then, urban and architectural features as well as crime rates and patterns are documented. Also, trace and behaviour observations are carried out. The observations monitored urban features and behaviours associated with crime or fear of crime. Residents’ perception for security and fear of crime is extracted through a questionnaire. A Space Syntax is processed and linked with the questionnaire and observation outputs. Observations demonstrate a semblance of fear of crime which is supported by records of car and home theft. Although the questionnaire reflects a suitable level of security, it points to peripheral spaces and areas around mosques and shops as the less secure. However, enhancing security in the Prince Fawaz project requires urban interventions including controlling access to peripheral spaces, reviving areas detected to be unsafe, repositioning elements causing visual obstacles and enhancing appearance by vegetation and sustainable maintenance. Besides, reformulating the movement network so that an appropriate integration between residents and strangers is achieved. On the conceptual level, the study proves that none of the theories of environmental crime can act as a comprehensive approach; but each can partly work.
This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
C:\Users\Hourakhsh\Desktop\CC_By_2020_licnece1.jpg
This article is published with open access at www.ijcua.com
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 85-100.
This article reflects, from a holistic and interdisciplinary perspective, on the challenges surrounding the development of eParticipation in Europe, with special focus on EU programs. To this end, we firstly assess the field’s practical and theoretical achievements and limitations, and corroborate that the progress of eParticipation in the last decade has not been completely satisfactory in spite of the significant share of resources invested to support it. We secondly attempt to diagnose and enlighten some of the field’s systemic problems and challenges which are responsible for this unsettling development. The domain’s maladies are grouped under tree main categories: (1) lack of a proper understanding and articulation with regard to the “Participation” field; (2) eParticipation community’s ‘founding biases’ around e-Government and academy; and (3) inadequacy of traditional Innovation Support Programmes to incentivize innovation in the eParticipation field. In the context of the ‘Europe 2020 Strategy’ and its flagship initiative “Innovation Union”, our final section provides several recommendations which could contribute to enhance the effectiveness of future European eParticipation actions.
Community Participation in Decision Making Processes in Urban Planning: The Case of Kaunas
M.A. Laura Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė Image result for research orcid, Dr. Aušra Mlinkauskienė Image result for research orcid
a and b Kaunas University of Technology, Civil engineering and architecture faculty, Kaunas, Lithuania
E mail 1: laura.jankauskaite-jureviciene@ktu.lt, Email 2: ausra.mlinkauskiene@ktu.lt
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 July 2020
Accepted 29 August 2020
Available online 18 September 2020
Keywords:
Community;
Urban planning;
Spatial planning;
Decision-making processes.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Participation in decision-making processes foreshadows enabling citizens, communities, non-governmental organizations and other interested parties to influence the formulation of policies and laws affecting them. The purpose of this study is not only to review Lithuanian legal documents but also to analyse recent processes in Kaunas city planning. Kaunas city is undergoing various urban processes, which do not always meet the needs of the community. This study presents an analysis of the forms of community involvement in the urban planning processes and survey data on the effectiveness of community involvement. The methodology requires using a sociological survey with representatives of the city community and a comparative analysis between legal obligations and actual urbanization process.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 197-208.
Roles of Drop-in Centers in Street Children Interventions: Design Guidelines and Humanitarian Emergency Architecture Adaptations
* M.Sc. Ruba Azzam Image result for research orcid, Dr. Karim Kesseiba Image result for research orcid, Dr. Ahmed Abdelghaffar Image result for research orcid
Dr. Mennat-Allah El Husseiny Image result for research orcid
a, b, c and d Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering and Building Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Email 1: ruba-azzam90@hotmail.com , Email 2: karimkesseiba@gmail.com , Email 3: amaghaffar@gmail.com
Email 4: mennatallahelhusseiny@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 July 2020
Accepted 3 September 2020
Available online 8 September 2020
Keywords:
Street Children;
Drop-in centers;
Child-Rehabilitation centers;
Architecture for Humanitarian Emergencies;
Child Friendly Spaces (CFS).
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
For decades, numerous countries have been witnessing the Street Children phenomenon where millions of children worldwide are subjected to risks. Despite the crucial role of intermediate non-residential interventions - using drop-in centers- in protecting and rehabilitating street children, there is a paucity of research addressing the quality of design of these centers and how architecture might influence their operational process. Those observations invite investigating drop-in centers used in practice from a design perspective and question adapting architectural applications for humanitarian emergencies, focusing on “Child-Friendly Spaces”. The study aims to provide solutions for better quality design, facilitating operational challenges. The methodology undertakes the investigation through primary and secondary axes. This involves conducting literature and international precedents review and secondarily, an Egyptian contextual first-hand documentation and qualitative analysis of selected centers.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 151-168.
Enhancing Security in Affordable Housing: The Case of Prince Fawaz Project
Professor Dr. Maged Attia Image result for research orcid
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
Email: mattia@kau.edu.sa
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 March 2021
Accepted 15 May 2021
Available online 30 May 2021
Keywords:
Environmental crime;
Enhancing security;
Crime rates;
Prince Fawaz project;
Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT
The present study argues that the urban form of affordable housing projects affects safety and security. The study examines the level of safety and security in the Prince Fawaz project proposing recommendations that enhance it. Theories and approaches concerned with the environmental crime are initially reviewed. Then, urban and architectural features as well as crime rates and patterns are documented. Also, trace and behaviour observations are carried out. The observations monitored urban features and behaviours associated with crime or fear of crime. Residents’ perception for security and fear of crime is extracted through a questionnaire. A Space Syntax is processed and linked with the questionnaire and observation outputs. Observations demonstrate a semblance of fear of crime which is supported by records of car and home theft. Although the questionnaire reflects a suitable level of security, it points to peripheral spaces and areas around mosques and shops as the less secure. However, enhancing security in the Prince Fawaz project requires urban interventions including controlling access to peripheral spaces, reviving areas detected to be unsafe, repositioning elements causing visual obstacles and enhancing appearance by vegetation and sustainable maintenance. Besides, reformulating the movement network so that an appropriate integration between residents and strangers is achieved. On the conceptual level, the study proves that none of the theories of environmental crime can act as a comprehensive approach; but each can partly work.
This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
C:\Users\Hourakhsh\Desktop\CC_By_2020_licnece1.jpg
This article is published with open access at www.ijcua.com
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 85-100.
This article reflects, from a holistic and interdisciplinary perspective, on the challenges surrounding the development of eParticipation in Europe, with special focus on EU programs. To this end, we firstly assess the field’s practical and theoretical achievements and limitations, and corroborate that the progress of eParticipation in the last decade has not been completely satisfactory in spite of the significant share of resources invested to support it. We secondly attempt to diagnose and enlighten some of the field’s systemic problems and challenges which are responsible for this unsettling development. The domain’s maladies are grouped under tree main categories: (1) lack of a proper understanding and articulation with regard to the “Participation” field; (2) eParticipation community’s ‘founding biases’ around e-Government and academy; and (3) inadequacy of traditional Innovation Support Programmes to incentivize innovation in the eParticipation field. In the context of the ‘Europe 2020 Strategy’ and its flagship initiative “Innovation Union”, our final section provides several recommendations which could contribute to enhance the effectiveness of future European eParticipation actions.
•Biourbanism introduces new conceptual and planning models for a new kind of city, which values social and economical regeneration of the built environment through developing and healthy communities.
•Biourbanism combines technical aspects, such as zero-emission, energy efficiency, information technology, etc. and the promotion of social sustainability and human well being.
A B S T R A C T
Most of the cities around the world are dealing with different kinds of the problems such as social, environmental, economic and others. However, for many years, urban planners have attempted to find solutions that fit within the context and have put them into practice in order to shape the form of a city accordingly. One of the controversial problems which most of the developing and developed countries deal with it is urban sprawl, which affects everything and everyone in different scales. For last three decades, even in case of T.R.N. Cyprus, urban sprawl has become inevitable; urban sprawl is recognizable, sprawl construction becomes a profitable business for construction, real-estate, and others involved in this business. Unfortunately, some communities to realize their vision welcomed to urban sprawl construction and enthusiastically embrace it with open arm, such communities sacrifice sociability opportunity and vibrant neighborhood to those single-use towns which is one of the main characteristics is social exclusion and psychological problems, fundamentally one of the key factors can be found in lack of public awareness especially for who prefer to live in sprawl town. In T.R.N. Cyprus urban sprawl didn’t promote auto-dependency. Despite urban sprawl in T.R.N. Cyprus have many repercussions, one of the important impacts which are considered in this articles are psychological impact of urban sprawl, also this article attempt to divide urban sprawl leaving condition into three phases, and promote the contemplate phase which makes sprawl inhabitants think and return to inner-city neighborhood again.
Power-Preservation Corruption: A Threat to Internal Security of the GambiaAJSSMTJournal
The Gambia, for more than five decades after independence, produced but two presidents –
Jawara and Jammeh. The presidential election which was won by Barrow to succeed Jammeh was fraught with
crisis that took international intervention to resolve. Political analysts have sweepingly and worryingly
concluded that the threat to internal security of The Gambia is power-preservation corruption. This research
focuses on two-pronged objectives: the broad objective is to examine historical dynamics of powerpreservation corruption by presidents of The Gambia; and the specific objective is to underscore an analysisbased solution to power-preservation as a challenge to internal security of The Gambia. We adopted the ex
post facto (quasi-experimental) design and analysed qualitatively, data assembled from secondary sources of
vast array of literature. Relying on power preservation explanation of power theory, we concluded that powerpreservation corruption constitute the major internal insecurity of The Gambia
AUTONOMA - Casa-Comuna Cooperativa, Asociación Cooperativa Taller de Arquitec...Autonoma Conference
In only three decades, Mesoamerica shifted from a traditional agro-export economic model to one based on services, trade and transnational finance—especially dependent on migrant remittances and global corporate capital. In a much tormented region with a stubborn history of rebellions and failures in making a less unjust society, Casa-Comuna Cooperativa was conceived in the context of the 2015 Guatemalan citizen uprising as a self-managed cooperative platform grounded on the non-speculative social production of housing. Mixed-income dwellers are supported by a crossed-contributions financial mechanism to counter urban segregation and income inequality. The project is based on a ‘right of use’ cooperative model for the collective ownership of housing in central urban areas. Within and against capital, an insurance-based data-mining cuasi-algorithm provides the backing for a communal investment trust that allows for collective financing—including migrant remittances—as a vehicle to productively link urban and rural members in the region. The cooperative is constituted by four modes of memberships—dweller-member, migrant-member, collaborator-member and investor-member—each participating with different co-responsibilities, and contributing in distinct capacities to the established communal trust. Dweller-members self-manage their living quarters and benefit from a work insurance and collective relief fund. Migrant-members, while not necessarily living within the housing cooperative, participate as long-distance collaborators and benefit from time-sharing a housing unit and the optionality for becoming dweller-members. Collaborator-members benefit from the cooperative’s cultural and self-education activities. And finally, investor-members have access to fair-economy investment possibilities linked to productive spaces within the cooperative’s quarters. Architecture and design are ultimately deployed as a self-management apparatus for the social inclusion and the production of communal living and working spaces.
Prospecting Socially-Aware Concepts and Artefacts for Designing for Community...COMRADES project
Defining flexible and consistent methods and artefacts to design for social impact is a current challenge for HCI. The ephemeral and vulnerable conditions of people living as refugees add even more questions about the suitability of design methods to the complexity of real — and many times tough — life . In this position paper we briefly introduce two concepts embraced by the Socially-aware Design Approach, the Semiotic Onion and the Basic Block of Culture. We then reflect about the potential contributions of applying these concepts and artefacts to inform design for boosting community resilience of people living as refugees.
http://oro.open.ac.uk/49641/1/prospecting-socially-aware.pdf
Importance of virtual social space and how it helps to modify social structureArghyadeep Saha
Importance of virtual social space and how it helps to modify social structure.
Importance of virtual social space, modify social structure. , virtual social space ,importance social structure
sprawl developments measurement indicator and projections in selected nigeri...IJAEMSJORNAL
Sprawl development is commonly attributed to the unprecedented rate of urbanization and city spatial growth. Large cities are not necessarily sprawling but are determined by characteristic compactness and connectedness of the metropolitan development and services including infrastructure and amenities. The understanding of the sprawl phenomenon is enhanced by some characteristic measurement of sprawl making use of certain development parameters. This paper therefore highlights an aspect of the measurement of sprawl utilizing the results from remote sensing data sourced from records of satellite images (from various Landsat and Nigeriasat) documented in research literatures. Also, the population census figures for each of the cities were sourced and projected as required for analysis and used in conjunction with their respective urban built-up land coverage. Results reveal varying pattern of relationship between progressions of urban spatial coverage changes and growth of population over a specified period of time. Intrinsic values from the computation such as urban population density and land consumption rate evolve as indicators for sprawl development and measurements.
A B S T R A C T
Historical cities due to its magnificent building in its context have tremendous influence on formation of city identity, which is created through the interaction of natural, social and built elements. Unfortunately modernization after the industrial revolution couldn’t adapt itself to vernacular area, owe to the fact that cities began to lose their identity and sense of belonging to the environment. New technology of construction lets the cities to expand itself outside, but in this transformation, some factors which have an influence on the identity of the city have been forgotten. In this research it is aimed to analysis Physical and social factors which are causing the loss of identity in the city of Famagusta (Gazimagusa). Both qualitative and qualitative methods have been used in this research and the adopted techniques are personal observation, sketches, and comparing new development part of the city with traditional part. The research will try to answer the question of why urban sprawl could not maintain the identity of the city of Gazimagusa?). This research revealed that Globalization by neglecting historical housing principles is the main factor which threatening identity of the city.
Re-visiting the Park: Reviving the “Cultural Park for Children” in Sayyeda Zeinab in the shadows of Social Sustainability
* 1 Dr. ZEINAB SHAFIK, 2 Dr. MENNAT-ALLAH EL-HUSSEINY
1&2 Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
E mail1: zeinabshafik@gmail.com E mail2: mennatallahelhusseiny@gmail.com
A B S T R A C T
This paper aims to question the level of success of one of Egypt’s contemporary architectural milestones which is the Aga-Khan Award winning project of the Child Park in Sayyeda Zeinab - designed by the Egyptian architect Abdel-Halim Ibrahim; from a community participation perspective. Stemming from the fact that the level of successful community participation in architecture and urban design projects affects the sustainability of the added value, this paper tackles the current process of operation of the Park and the adjacent pedestrian street, as complimentary aspects of a community participatory process, and evaluates the social sustainability of the project as well. The study sheds light on the operation of the park after twenty eight years of the initiation of the project, it explores its functional and social role in the district of Sayyeda, located at the center of Cairo city. However, the project has to be revised and analysed from a critical perspective to evaluate the degree of its success in affecting the local community, and the level to which it contributes to the approach of local community participation. In order to achieve this end, the paper adopts a two-fold methodology. The first is a literature review of the initial ceremonial participatory process of building the Park and the initial role intended by the architect whether related to the park itself or to the adjacent Abu-ElDahab Street. The second methodology is a qualitative analysis of the current state of the park and adjacent street, based on site investigations, behavioural mapping of the current status, analysis of the roles of the beneficiaries, interviews conducted with different stakeholders about the present challenges of the role of the park in the district. Based on those two main research approaches, the paper concludes with a framework and several guidelines to enhance the social sustenance of the place through rephrasing the park’s role in relation to the changing needs of the community.
A B S T R A C T
This study aims at ameliorating the associated challenges emanated from the ineffective planning, management and design of market square as well as appraisal of the interactions among people of diverse ethnicity. Hence, the study explores users’ interactions and activities within three markets square in rural neighborhoods of South-west, Nigeria. The significant relationship between resident’s interactions and the community well-being was explored. Consequently, this study highlights the influence of the market square as a typical neighborhood open space on residents’ well-being. The study’s quantitative approach encircled the purposive structured survey questionnaire data obtained from Yorubas, Hausas, and Ibos respondents (n=382); and analyzed by SPSS statistical package (version 22). Meanwhile, the qualitative data included observation of various activity pattern among the three ethnic groups. The study’s findings revealed that an improvement in the market square quality becomes necessary in order to increase residents’ interactions and well-being. Also, the study elucidates the appropriate link between the built environment, residents’ interactions, and well-being. It is concluded that residents’ well-being is a reflection of an experience manifested within the interplay of individuals and groups’ social interactions. This study of people and place relationships could better equip the professionals in the built environment on the importance of creating a sustainable open space towards improving residents’ well-being and rural community revitalization efforts.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(2), 24-32. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2018.3668
www.ijcua.com
•Biourbanism introduces new conceptual and planning models for a new kind of city, which values social and economical regeneration of the built environment through developing and healthy communities.
•Biourbanism combines technical aspects, such as zero-emission, energy efficiency, information technology, etc. and the promotion of social sustainability and human well being.
A B S T R A C T
Most of the cities around the world are dealing with different kinds of the problems such as social, environmental, economic and others. However, for many years, urban planners have attempted to find solutions that fit within the context and have put them into practice in order to shape the form of a city accordingly. One of the controversial problems which most of the developing and developed countries deal with it is urban sprawl, which affects everything and everyone in different scales. For last three decades, even in case of T.R.N. Cyprus, urban sprawl has become inevitable; urban sprawl is recognizable, sprawl construction becomes a profitable business for construction, real-estate, and others involved in this business. Unfortunately, some communities to realize their vision welcomed to urban sprawl construction and enthusiastically embrace it with open arm, such communities sacrifice sociability opportunity and vibrant neighborhood to those single-use towns which is one of the main characteristics is social exclusion and psychological problems, fundamentally one of the key factors can be found in lack of public awareness especially for who prefer to live in sprawl town. In T.R.N. Cyprus urban sprawl didn’t promote auto-dependency. Despite urban sprawl in T.R.N. Cyprus have many repercussions, one of the important impacts which are considered in this articles are psychological impact of urban sprawl, also this article attempt to divide urban sprawl leaving condition into three phases, and promote the contemplate phase which makes sprawl inhabitants think and return to inner-city neighborhood again.
Power-Preservation Corruption: A Threat to Internal Security of the GambiaAJSSMTJournal
The Gambia, for more than five decades after independence, produced but two presidents –
Jawara and Jammeh. The presidential election which was won by Barrow to succeed Jammeh was fraught with
crisis that took international intervention to resolve. Political analysts have sweepingly and worryingly
concluded that the threat to internal security of The Gambia is power-preservation corruption. This research
focuses on two-pronged objectives: the broad objective is to examine historical dynamics of powerpreservation corruption by presidents of The Gambia; and the specific objective is to underscore an analysisbased solution to power-preservation as a challenge to internal security of The Gambia. We adopted the ex
post facto (quasi-experimental) design and analysed qualitatively, data assembled from secondary sources of
vast array of literature. Relying on power preservation explanation of power theory, we concluded that powerpreservation corruption constitute the major internal insecurity of The Gambia
AUTONOMA - Casa-Comuna Cooperativa, Asociación Cooperativa Taller de Arquitec...Autonoma Conference
In only three decades, Mesoamerica shifted from a traditional agro-export economic model to one based on services, trade and transnational finance—especially dependent on migrant remittances and global corporate capital. In a much tormented region with a stubborn history of rebellions and failures in making a less unjust society, Casa-Comuna Cooperativa was conceived in the context of the 2015 Guatemalan citizen uprising as a self-managed cooperative platform grounded on the non-speculative social production of housing. Mixed-income dwellers are supported by a crossed-contributions financial mechanism to counter urban segregation and income inequality. The project is based on a ‘right of use’ cooperative model for the collective ownership of housing in central urban areas. Within and against capital, an insurance-based data-mining cuasi-algorithm provides the backing for a communal investment trust that allows for collective financing—including migrant remittances—as a vehicle to productively link urban and rural members in the region. The cooperative is constituted by four modes of memberships—dweller-member, migrant-member, collaborator-member and investor-member—each participating with different co-responsibilities, and contributing in distinct capacities to the established communal trust. Dweller-members self-manage their living quarters and benefit from a work insurance and collective relief fund. Migrant-members, while not necessarily living within the housing cooperative, participate as long-distance collaborators and benefit from time-sharing a housing unit and the optionality for becoming dweller-members. Collaborator-members benefit from the cooperative’s cultural and self-education activities. And finally, investor-members have access to fair-economy investment possibilities linked to productive spaces within the cooperative’s quarters. Architecture and design are ultimately deployed as a self-management apparatus for the social inclusion and the production of communal living and working spaces.
Prospecting Socially-Aware Concepts and Artefacts for Designing for Community...COMRADES project
Defining flexible and consistent methods and artefacts to design for social impact is a current challenge for HCI. The ephemeral and vulnerable conditions of people living as refugees add even more questions about the suitability of design methods to the complexity of real — and many times tough — life . In this position paper we briefly introduce two concepts embraced by the Socially-aware Design Approach, the Semiotic Onion and the Basic Block of Culture. We then reflect about the potential contributions of applying these concepts and artefacts to inform design for boosting community resilience of people living as refugees.
http://oro.open.ac.uk/49641/1/prospecting-socially-aware.pdf
Importance of virtual social space and how it helps to modify social structureArghyadeep Saha
Importance of virtual social space and how it helps to modify social structure.
Importance of virtual social space, modify social structure. , virtual social space ,importance social structure
sprawl developments measurement indicator and projections in selected nigeri...IJAEMSJORNAL
Sprawl development is commonly attributed to the unprecedented rate of urbanization and city spatial growth. Large cities are not necessarily sprawling but are determined by characteristic compactness and connectedness of the metropolitan development and services including infrastructure and amenities. The understanding of the sprawl phenomenon is enhanced by some characteristic measurement of sprawl making use of certain development parameters. This paper therefore highlights an aspect of the measurement of sprawl utilizing the results from remote sensing data sourced from records of satellite images (from various Landsat and Nigeriasat) documented in research literatures. Also, the population census figures for each of the cities were sourced and projected as required for analysis and used in conjunction with their respective urban built-up land coverage. Results reveal varying pattern of relationship between progressions of urban spatial coverage changes and growth of population over a specified period of time. Intrinsic values from the computation such as urban population density and land consumption rate evolve as indicators for sprawl development and measurements.
A B S T R A C T
Historical cities due to its magnificent building in its context have tremendous influence on formation of city identity, which is created through the interaction of natural, social and built elements. Unfortunately modernization after the industrial revolution couldn’t adapt itself to vernacular area, owe to the fact that cities began to lose their identity and sense of belonging to the environment. New technology of construction lets the cities to expand itself outside, but in this transformation, some factors which have an influence on the identity of the city have been forgotten. In this research it is aimed to analysis Physical and social factors which are causing the loss of identity in the city of Famagusta (Gazimagusa). Both qualitative and qualitative methods have been used in this research and the adopted techniques are personal observation, sketches, and comparing new development part of the city with traditional part. The research will try to answer the question of why urban sprawl could not maintain the identity of the city of Gazimagusa?). This research revealed that Globalization by neglecting historical housing principles is the main factor which threatening identity of the city.
Re-visiting the Park: Reviving the “Cultural Park for Children” in Sayyeda Zeinab in the shadows of Social Sustainability
* 1 Dr. ZEINAB SHAFIK, 2 Dr. MENNAT-ALLAH EL-HUSSEINY
1&2 Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
E mail1: zeinabshafik@gmail.com E mail2: mennatallahelhusseiny@gmail.com
A B S T R A C T
This paper aims to question the level of success of one of Egypt’s contemporary architectural milestones which is the Aga-Khan Award winning project of the Child Park in Sayyeda Zeinab - designed by the Egyptian architect Abdel-Halim Ibrahim; from a community participation perspective. Stemming from the fact that the level of successful community participation in architecture and urban design projects affects the sustainability of the added value, this paper tackles the current process of operation of the Park and the adjacent pedestrian street, as complimentary aspects of a community participatory process, and evaluates the social sustainability of the project as well. The study sheds light on the operation of the park after twenty eight years of the initiation of the project, it explores its functional and social role in the district of Sayyeda, located at the center of Cairo city. However, the project has to be revised and analysed from a critical perspective to evaluate the degree of its success in affecting the local community, and the level to which it contributes to the approach of local community participation. In order to achieve this end, the paper adopts a two-fold methodology. The first is a literature review of the initial ceremonial participatory process of building the Park and the initial role intended by the architect whether related to the park itself or to the adjacent Abu-ElDahab Street. The second methodology is a qualitative analysis of the current state of the park and adjacent street, based on site investigations, behavioural mapping of the current status, analysis of the roles of the beneficiaries, interviews conducted with different stakeholders about the present challenges of the role of the park in the district. Based on those two main research approaches, the paper concludes with a framework and several guidelines to enhance the social sustenance of the place through rephrasing the park’s role in relation to the changing needs of the community.
A B S T R A C T
This study aims at ameliorating the associated challenges emanated from the ineffective planning, management and design of market square as well as appraisal of the interactions among people of diverse ethnicity. Hence, the study explores users’ interactions and activities within three markets square in rural neighborhoods of South-west, Nigeria. The significant relationship between resident’s interactions and the community well-being was explored. Consequently, this study highlights the influence of the market square as a typical neighborhood open space on residents’ well-being. The study’s quantitative approach encircled the purposive structured survey questionnaire data obtained from Yorubas, Hausas, and Ibos respondents (n=382); and analyzed by SPSS statistical package (version 22). Meanwhile, the qualitative data included observation of various activity pattern among the three ethnic groups. The study’s findings revealed that an improvement in the market square quality becomes necessary in order to increase residents’ interactions and well-being. Also, the study elucidates the appropriate link between the built environment, residents’ interactions, and well-being. It is concluded that residents’ well-being is a reflection of an experience manifested within the interplay of individuals and groups’ social interactions. This study of people and place relationships could better equip the professionals in the built environment on the importance of creating a sustainable open space towards improving residents’ well-being and rural community revitalization efforts.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(2), 24-32. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2018.3668
www.ijcua.com
Regenerative Mobility: Disruption and Urban EvolutionIEREK Press
Mobility plays an important role in the cities by enabling people to carry out the most varied activities across the territory, as well as to ensure the city fully function. In addition, analogies to the human organism can be made by this urban dynamic, looking for solutions to specific issues. Moreover, this paper has been based by the premise that phenomena and urban elements could be conceptualized, explained and transformed from contemporary and innovative approaches applied in the medical field. For this reason, this paper aims to develop and present a new concept associated with urban mobility, based on the principles of regenerative medicine: the Regenerative Mobility, a concept with disruptive and evolutionary purposes. Furthermore, the structure of this paper is summarized by the introduction which contextualizes the theme, presents and characterizes the techniques used in the research. Additionally, the following chapters explore essential aspects of the city, explaining why it needs a mobility change and new concepts. Therefore, the concept of Regenerative Mobility is presented as a potential of mobility and cities improvement, followed by pragmatic cases, capable of illustrating some of its principles.
Regenerative Mobility: Disruption and Urban EvolutionIEREK Press
Mobility plays an important role in the cities by enabling people to carry out the most varied activities across the territory, as well as to ensure the city fully function. In addition, analogies to the human organism can be made by this urban dynamic, looking for solutions to specific issues. Moreover, this paper has been based by the premise that phenomena and urban elements could be conceptualized, explained and transformed from contemporary and innovative approaches applied in the medical field. For this reason, this paper aims to develop and present a new concept associated with urban mobility, based on the principles of regenerative medicine: the Regenerative Mobility, a concept with disruptive and evolutionary purposes. Furthermore, the structure of this paper is summarized by the introduction which contextualizes the theme, presents and characterizes the techniques used in the research. Additionally, the following chapters explore essential aspects of the city, explaining why it needs a mobility change and new concepts. Therefore, the concept of Regenerative Mobility is presented as a potential of mobility and cities improvement, followed by pragmatic cases, capable of illustrating some of its principles.
Unveiling the Impact of Urban Green Landscape on Quality of Life in Kaduna, N...AgboolaPaul3
This study investigates the influence of urban green landscapes on the Quality of Life (QoL) in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria, focusing on residents' perceptions and sustainable urban development strategies. Conducted from May to July 2023, the quantitative research surveyed 377 residents using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis, including correlation and t-tests, was performed using SPSS version 23. Findings reveal a positive perception of urban green spaces, significantly contributing to residents' QoL. Key results include high satisfaction with green areas enhancing environmental beauty (Mean=4.88, SD=0.90) and providing recreational appeal (Mean=4.45, SD=0.95). Additionally, these areas significantly impact perceived value (Mean=4.78, SD=0.93), prestige (Mean=4.92, SD=8.18), and attachment to the environment (Mean=4.71, SD=0.831). Residents with accessible and functional green spaces express higher satisfaction levels (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.9). The study underscores the importance of urban greenery in improving urban living conditions and offers strategic recommendations for sustainable urban planning. Addressing a gap in literature, this research provides empirical insights into residents' perspectives within Kaduna Metropolis, contributing to academic discourse and practical urban development approaches.
E-participatory Approaches in Urban Design
* 1 Araf Öykü Türken Image result for research orcid, 2 Assoc. Prof. Dr Engin Eyüp Eyuboğlu Image result for research orcid
1 Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
2 Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Email 1: araf.turken@gmail.com, Email 2: eyuboglu@itu.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 June 2020
Accepted 20 Augustus 2020
Available online 8 September 2020
Keywords:
E-participation;
Public Participation;
Urban Design.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The phenomenon of planning involving citizen’s participation in planning literature has been from the second half of the 20th century. Indeed, different methods and techniques have been used in the process. However, participatory practices are time-consuming and negotiations are tiresome. Accordingly, the integration of developing digital technologies into participatory processes has been seen as a potential to reach large audiences and provide time-space independence. Within the scope of this research, a detailed literature review was done regarding e-participation, and ten (10) examples representing the upper levels at the ladder of participation were examined within the context of the project, participation, and socio-technical criteria. SWOT analyzes were structured by grouping similar applications, and current trends for the use of e-participation in urban design have been revealed. The analysis showed that citizens e participation- participation tend to allow citizen design or location-based interaction, playful interfaces and game elements which can be sources for encouragement.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 169-182.
Case Law Analysis - Intellectual PropertyIn this unit, you will .docxcowinhelen
Case Law Analysis - Intellectual Property
In this unit, you will select a case law pertaining to the topic of intellectual property.
Each case law analysis allows you to express yourself as clearly and fully as possible in dissecting a court decision. The purpose of the assignment is two-fold:
1. To give you the opportunity to read a real court decision.
2. To challenge you to think about how you would have decided the case. In your case law analyses, you must be able to navigate the court's decision and summarize it; you are not expected to act as a judge or an advocate.
Using your selected court decision, prepare an analysis that responds to the following:
1. Articulates the importance, context, purpose, and relevance of law in a business environment:
. Identify the parties who are before the court.
. Provide a brief background to the problem. Summarize the facts in no more than 2–3 paragraphs.
. Identify what is the specific disagreement between the parties.
. Explain the ruling of the court in no more than 1–2 paragraphs.
· Evaluates key judicial concepts that influence the decisions related to business:
. Was there a dissenting opinion? If so, explain why some of the judges or justices disagreed with the majority in the decision.
. Do you agree with the court's decision? Why or why not?
You may choose any court case, either state or federal, as the basis for your case law analysis; however, the case should be applicable to the assignment topic. The recommended Web sites for researching and locating a case are listed in the Resources area.
Your analysis should be no more than two pages, double-spaced. References and citations are to adhere to APA formatting and style guidelines. Prior to submitting your assignment, be sure to review the scoring guide to ensure you have met all of the grading criteria.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Community Driven Urban Design: Social Practice Tactics for
Addressing Issues of the Built Environment
ABSTRACT:
Several professionals in the field of architecture and urban design employ creative tactics focused on social impact, civic
dialogue, and grass roots placemaking. Drawing on socially responsible urban design theory, as well as principles of arts-
based civic engagement and social change, these efforts have gained momentum in the 21st century due to a variety of
economic, governmental, social and technological factors. This research capstone will include an extensive literature
review through two courses – PPPM 523 Urban Revitalization and an independent reading course on “bottom-up”
urban design with Professor Philip Speranza – as well as web-based document analysis of select case studies. The
purpose of this study is to locate these tactics within current urban redevelopment policy and arts-based community
development theory, and outline elements of best practice as a means of advancing the field of community driven urban
design.
KEYWORDS:
Urban revitalization, urban designers, built environm.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Urban Public Space Axis Rector of Green Infrastructure in the Current City of...IEREK Press
The current city calls for the reconsideration of a close relationship between gray infrastructure and public spaces, understanding the infrastructure as a set of items, equipment, or services required for the functioning of a country, a City. Ambato, Ecuador, is a current intermediate city, has less than 1% of the urban surface with use of public green spaces, which represents a figure below the 9m2/ hab., recommended by OMS. The aim of this paper was to identify urban public spaces that switches of green infrastructure in the city today, applying a methodology of qualitative studies. With an exploratory descriptive level analysis, in three stages, stage of theoretical foundation product of a review of the existing literature, which is the theoretical support of the relationship gray infrastructure public spaces equal to green infrastructure. Subsequent to this case study, discussed with criteria aimed at green infrastructure and in the public spaces of the study area. Finally, after processing and analysis of the results, we provide conclusions for urban public space as a definition of the green infrastructure of the current city of Latin America; in the latter, the focus is to support this article.
Urban Public Space Axis Rector of Green Infrastructure in the Current City of...IEREK Press
The current city calls for the reconsideration of a close relationship between gray infrastructure and public spaces, understanding the infrastructure as a set of items, equipment, or services required for the functioning of a country, a City. Ambato, Ecuador, is a current intermediate city, has less than 1% of the urban surface with use of public green spaces, which represents a figure below the 9m2/ hab., recommended by OMS. The aim of this paper was to identify urban public spaces that switches of green infrastructure in the city today, applying a methodology of qualitative studies. With an exploratory descriptive level analysis, in three stages, stage of theoretical foundation product of a review of the existing literature, which is the theoretical support of the relationship gray infrastructure public spaces equal to green infrastructure. Subsequent to this case study, discussed with criteria aimed at green infrastructure and in the public spaces of the study area. Finally, after processing and analysis of the results, we provide conclusions for urban public space as a definition of the green infrastructure of the current city of Latin America; in the latter, the focus is to support this article.
Urban spaces reflect the reality of city life, like a mirror. This research aims to examine and analyze the advanced aesthetic, functional, and environmental performance of urban public spaces by assessing the current situation and highlighting the role of creativity in developing these spaces. To clarify the research scope, Şişhane Park in İstanbul, Turkey was studied to define the requirements of creative standards, evaluate these competencies and choose the appropriate architectural style and urban furniture. In addition, to learn ways of preserving those elements for longer life. The analytical descriptive approach was the research method utilized in order to arrive at a set of results that ascertain the reality of the aesthetic, functional, and environmental performance of urban public spaces, and the reflection of the contemporary role in developing these spaces, which can contribute to addressing weaknesses and bolster the strength points in the formation of public urban spaces around the world.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2020), 4(2), 67-86.
https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2020.v4n2-7
www.ijcua.com
Achieving Just Urban Transition (JUT) by adopting Nature-Based Solutions (NBS)M. Reza Movahedi
This article has been written as part of the assignment for the course “AAR5270 – Globalization and Urban Development (spring, 2023)”. The focus of the writing is to review the relevant academic literature, as its methodology surround the concepts “Just Urban Transition, (JUT)” and “Nature-Based Solutions, (NBS)”. Thus, the main purpose is to understand how the NBS could be planned and implemented in a way that creates a just urban transition in the cities.
Green Infrastructure as Network of Social Spaces for Health and Well-Being - Malaysia.
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The Impact of Transit-Oriented Development on Fast-Urbanizing Cities: Applied analytical study on Greater Cairo Region
* 1 MS.c. Mohamed Kafrawy Image result for research orcid , 2 Professor Dr. Sahar Attia Image result for research orcid , 3 Professor Dr. Heba Allah Khalil Image result for research orcid
1, 2 &3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt
1 E-mail: en.kafrawy@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: saharattia16@eng.cu.edu.eg , 3 E-mail: hebatallah.khalil@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 16 May 2021
Revised: 25 August 2021
Accepted: 27 August 2021
Available online: 8 September 2021
Keywords:
Transit-oriented Development;
Fast-Urbanizing cities;
Sustainable transportation;
Sustainable development;
Greater Cairo region.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Transportation has always been the backbone of development. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been theorized, piloted and expanded increasingly in the past few decades. In this regard, this paper investigates the relationship between urban development, the transportation process, and the required implementation guidelines within fast-urbanizing cities, such as Cairo. After reviewing different related sustainable development theories, the study investigates pioneering case studies that have applied TOD and provided adequate implementation frameworks. The authors then extract and compare a set of required policies. The current Egyptian development paradigm is then discussed in relation to these enabling policies, focusing on Greater Cairo Region, Egypt. The authors debate previous development plans, progress, and newly proposed ones, focusing on the transportation process as the means for development. The study concludes with a set of required guidelines to ensure the integration of transportation with land-use planning, thus ensuring a more prosperous and inclusive urban development.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 83-95.
Developing Design Criteria for Sustainable Urban Parks
* Dr. Didem Dizdaroğlu Image result for research orcid
Department of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Art, Design, and Architecture, Bilkent University, Turkey
E-mail: dizdaroglu@bilkent.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 28 February 2021
Revised: 15 August 2021
Accepted: 19 August 2021
Available online: 30 August 2021
Keywords:
Sustainable Cities;
Urban Parks;
Green Spaces;
COVID-19;
Sustainable Design.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
This study investigates how urban parks can contribute to helping cities become more sustainable through developing a set of criteria for the sustainable design of urban parks. Today, there is no example around the world where all the proposed sustainable design criteria are applied together in a specific urban park. In this context, this study aims to make a novel contribution by systematically reviewing the literature on the sustainable design of urban parks. In the light of research findings, this study contributes to the implementation of a comprehensive sustainable park design practice in our cities in the future. These design criteria may further serve as performance indicators to offer information and know-how to local authorities, practitioners, communities, and other actors in this field to help them assess their success levels and progress over time.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 69-81.
Living Space Needs of Small Housing in the Post-Pandemic Era: Malaga as a case study
* Professor Dr. Carlos Rosa-Jiménez Image result for research orcid , B. Arch. Cristina Jaime-Segura Image result for research orcid
1 and 2 Institute for Habitat, Tourism, Territory, Edificio Ada Byron, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, University of
Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
1 E-mail: cjrosa@uma.es , 2 E-mail: jscristina@uma.es
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 18 June 2021
Revised: 3 August 2021
Accepted: 10 August 2021
Available online: 14 August 2021
Keywords:
Architectural Design;
Lockdown;
Post-Covid City;
Remote Working;
Terraces;
Hygienism.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The COVID-19 lockdown period has highlighted the ability of housing to accommodate a comprehensive programme typical of the city and its public space. Housing units of under 60 m2 and in blocks of flats are the more vulnerable, as they have a higher percentage of non-community open spaces. That problem was analysed using a methodology based on psychological, urban planning and architectural indicators applied to two coastal cities in the Mediterranean area of southern Spain. The results highlight three aspects in this type of dwelling: the need to consider the orientation of the housing to improve the quality of indoor and outdoor space; the need in public housing policies for a greater number of rooms to facilitate remote working; and finally, the importance of functional terraces overlooking green areas.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 51-58.
Mathematical Model Applied to Green Building Concept for Sustainable Cities Under Climate Change
1 Professor Dr. Md. Haider Ali Biswas Image result for research orcid , 2* M.Sc. Pinky Rani DeyImage result for research orcid
3 Asst. Prof. Md. Sirajul Islam Image result for research orcid , 4 M.Sc. Sajib Mandal Image result for research orcid
1 Mathematics Discipline, Science Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
2, 3 & 4 Department of Mathematics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100, Bangladesh
E-mail 1: mhabiswas@gmail.com , E-mail 2: pinkydey.math@gmail.com
E-mail 3: sirajulku@gmail.com , E-mail 4: sajibmandal1997@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 20 May 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 11 August 2021
Available online 16 August 2021
Keywords:
Green Building;
Sustainable Cities;
Climate Change;
Mathematical Model;
Numerical Simulations.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Recently the effect of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is worldwide terrified anxiety to the public and scholars. Even this global problem is one of the great issues that continuously makes worrying the governments and environmentalists, but its solution findings are not out of the image at all. In this study, we have proposed and analysed a mathematical model for the solvable management of GHGs by sowing the seeds of green building dynamic systems. Moreover, in the model, the human community is used to enhance the production power of individuals of green buildings by absorbing the GHGs. The model is analysed by stability analysis at the equilibrium points: trivial and global equilibrium, and also by convincing the stability and instability of the system of equations. The behaviour of the propound model has been developed by numerical simulations which shows the rate of the fruitfulness of GHG components.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 36-50.
Sustainable Construction for Affordable Housing Program in Kabul
1 MSc. Mohammadullah Hakim Ebrahimi Image result for research orcid , 2* Professor Dr. Philippe Devillers Image result for research orcid
3 Professor Dr. Éric Garcia-Diaz Image result for research orcid
1 Construction Faculty, Kabul Polytechnic University, Afghanistan
2 LIFAM, École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier, France
3 LMGC, IMT Mines Ales, University of Montpellier, CNRS, France
E-mail 1: M.HEbrahimi@kpu.edu.af , E-mail 2: Philippe.devillers@montpellier.archi.fr
E-mail 3: eric.garcia-diaz@mines-ales.fr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 13 April 2021
Revised: 18 July 2021
Accepted: 6 August 2021
Available online 17 August 2021
Keywords:
Earth Construction;
Local Materials;
Sun-Dried Brick;
Compressive Earth Block;
Stabilization;
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Afghanistan has suffered from four decades of war, causing a massive migration of the rural population to the cities. Kabul was originally designed for 1,5 million people, whereas there are now 5 million in the city. The importation of modern western styles housing for rapid reconstruction reveals apparent cultural conflict and a significant environmental footprint. The new drive for sustainable reconstruction should consider the use of local materials combined with modern technologies. Earthen architecture underlies the embodiment of Afghan architecture. This research aims to revisit traditional Afghan earthen construction with the tools of industrial modernity. The three soils of the Kabul region are first characterized. Sun-dried mud brick and compressive earth block, with and without stabilization have been prepared and tested in the laboratory to develop the most suitable earth construction element which is cost-effective and easily available compared to imported modern products.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 23-35.
Sustainability of Tourism Development in the city of Ain-Sukhna, Egypt
* Professor Dr. Yasser Mahgoub Image result for research orcid
Faculty of Architecture, Galala University, Egypt
E-mail: ymahgoub@gu.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 18 June 2021
Accepted 5 August 2021
Available online 14 August 2021
Keywords:
Coastal Tourism;
Sustainable Development;
Cultural Resource;
Ain-Sukhna;
Galala City.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Tourism is a major economic source for Egypt, due to its significant natural and cultural attractions. Yet, rapid development and construction of touristic facilities have a negative impact on the fragile natural and cultural heritage. This paper studies the recent touristic developments of the coastal stretch of Ain-Sukhna on the Red Sea coastal region of Galala Mountain, and their impact on the surrounding natural and cultural attractions. Coral reefs and rich marine life have made this stretch among the prime fishing and scuba diving destinations in the world. The area is also famous for its year-round sunny beaches and the spectacular coastal scenic drive where Galala Mountain reaches the Red Sea. Recently, development has started on the mountains following the construction of Galala Mountain Road. Galala City started with Galala University and several residential, touristic, and commercial facilities. This paper studies the pattern of development in the area during the past 40 years and assesses its impact on natural and cultural resources.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 13-22.
Proclaiming Colonial Urban Heritage: Towards an Inclusive Heritage-interpretation for Colombo’s Past
* Professor Dr. Harsha Munasinghe Image result for research orcid
School of Architectural Studies, George Brown College, Toronto, Canada
E-mail: hmunasinghe@georgebrown.ca
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 13 April 2021
Accepted 18 July 2021
Available online 26 July 2021
Keywords:
Urban Heritage;
Colonialism;
Contested-Past;
Historic-City;
Inclusive heritage Interpretation;
Colombo.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Colombo, Sri Lanka’s commercial capital is a forceful creation of European colonialists who occupied the island for over four centuries. Its urban structure displays the social fragmentation sought by the rulers. Colombo elaborates an extraordinary process of city-making, stratified with its Dutch-origin, British-reshaping, and post-colonial adaptation. Proclaiming such a contested past as an inheritance requires an inclusive heritage interpretation. The recent renovation of monumental buildings for potential market values and demolishing minor architecture do not display such a heritage interpretation. This, placing undue attention on a selected social group, is found to be further emptying the compartmentalized city. The exclusion of some sub-societies also cost possible stewardship to urban heritage. Having observed the non-sustainability of current heritage-interpretation practised in Colombo, we searched for alternative means to unify societies in time-space thus sustaining the diversity of urban spaces. Our empirical studies have established the need to integrate the inherent cultural values of the colonial-built urban fabric in heritage interpretation. The results of vibrant heritage-interpretation results have been studied through a literature survey with aims to contribute towards the development of an inclusive heritage interpretation practice to protect Colombo’s colonial past sustainably.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 1-12.
Heritage Preservation as Strategy for Recomposing Conflict Territories
Prof. Dr. José Manuel Pagés Madrigal Image result for research orcid
Architecture & Urban Design, German University in Cairo, Egypt
E-mail: jose.madrigal@guc.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 18 May 2021
Accepted 20 October 2021
Available online 29 October 2021
Keywords:
Conflict territories;
Heritage Preservation;
Cultural heritage;
Reconstruction;
Cyprus;
Kosovo.
ABSTRACT
Heritage admits diverse readings depending on different territorial spaces, contexts, and knowledge fields. The relation between Heritage and the social contexts is one of these knowledge areas. But Heritage accepts a dual perception as a cultural reflection. It may be considered either as the origins of the conflicts or the engine for recomposing disrupted territories. The paper proposes a reflection on the topics related to conflict territories and the roles currently played by Cultural Heritage. The recomposition of conflict territories is based on a continuous intercultural approach with important contributions from human rights, genders equality, intercultural dialogue perspectives and the fact of taking heritage as a territorial stabilization factor. The paper presents specific practical cases in the Eastern Mediterranean region where actions on Heritage religious elements collide with the national sovereign of the respective current countries. A comparative study among these different actions proves that the initial clashes can be progressively transformed into strategies able to become the future guideline for the resolution of heritage regional conflicts. These conflicts reflect two discourses: political (with strong links between national identity and religion) and scientific (with a clash between static concept and dynamic vision) where objects interact with the visitors.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 252-264.
Investigating Built Environment Indicators to Develop a Local Walkability Index
* 1 B.Sc. Menna Tarek Image result for research orcid , 2 Prof. Dr. Ghada Farouk Hassan Image result for research orcid
3 Prof. Dr. Abeer Elshater Image result for research orcid , 4 Dr. Mohamed Elfayoumi Image result for research orcid
1, 2, 3 and 4 Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt.
E-mail 1: menna.tarek@eng.asu.edu.eg , E-mail 2: Ghadafhassan@eng.asu.edu.eg
E-mail 3: abeer.elshater@eng.asu.edu.eg , E-mail 4: m_fayoumi@eng.asu.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 8 June 2021
Accepted 20 August 2021
Available online 29 August 2021
Keywords:
Local Walkability Index;
Pedestrian Walking Behaviour;
Urban Design;
Mixed-use Street,
Cairo.
ABSTRACT
Many studies have been conducted over the last 20 years to determine and measure factors that affect the walkability of city streets. Walkability is an essential factor in deciding whether a city is green or sustainable. This paper creates a comprehensive walkability index by analysing built environmental indicators that affect walkability. This research was conducted on mixed land use streets in Cairo, Egypt, combining the results from an online survey and a walkability assessment model developed by multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. The results were based on a three-pillar approach starting with the theoretical background to frame the walkability indicator, numerical assessment over the Egyptian cases using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique and a qualitative user perception survey. Our results confirm that determining to what extent Cairo’s streets are walkable is crucial to enhancing pedestrians’ perceptions of the walking environment. Furthermore, the results illustrated the essential factors within the built environment indicators that influence pedestrian walking behaviour.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 235-251.
Liveability Dimensions in New Town Developments: An Overview of Senri New Town and Purbachal New Town
* 1 M. Eng. Tahmina Rahman Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Md. Nawrose Fatemi Image result for research orcid
1 Division of Global Architecture, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
2 Department of Architecture, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
E-mail 1: ar.tahminarahman@gmail.com , E-mail 2: nawrose@uap-bd.edu
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 April 2021
Accepted 10 August 2021
Available online 15 August 2021
Keywords:
Dimensions of Liveability;
New Town Development;
Satellite Townships;
Osaka;
Dhaka.
ABSTRACT
Since the 1960s, new town developments within large metropolises have been widely adopted to decongest the city centres, especially in Asian cities. This paper provides a brief account of the liveability dimensions of two new townships developed in large metropolitan areas: Senri New Town in Osaka and Purbachal New Town in Dhaka. The study primarily draws on master plans of the two developments to identify how the components of the plans reflect the physical, social, functional and safety dimensions of a proposed liveability framework. The methodology combines a review of masters plans with scholarly and grey literature on the two new town developments. The findings show while the social and functional dimensions are integrated with Senri New Town; Purbachal New Town, though more recent, appears to have missed opportunities for diversifying density, social mix and mass transit. The paper concludes that the comparative case, Senri-New Town provides insights on how public-private people participation can leverage citizen-centred design for more liveable residential living environments in developing cities.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 221-233.
Monitoring and Landscape Quantification of Uncontrolled Urbanisation in Oasis Regions: The Case of Adrar City in Algeria
* 1 Dr. Assoule Dechaicha Image result for research orcid , 2 Assist. Prof. Adel Daikh Image result for research orcid , 3 Prof. Dr. Djamel Alkama Image result for research orcid
1, 2 and 3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 8 May 1945 University, Guelma, Algeria
E-mail 2: dechaicha.assoul@univ-guelma.dz , E-mail 1: alkama.djamel@univ-guelma.dz
E-mail 3: daikh.adel@univ-guelma.dz
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 March 2021
Accepted 25 July 2021
Available online 12 August 2021
Keywords:
Uncontrolled Urbanisation,
Satellite Images,
Landscape Metrics,
Palm groves,
Oasis Ecosystem.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, uncontrolled urbanisation is one of the major problems facing Algerian oasis regions. The monitoring and evaluation of its landscape transformations remain a key step for any oasis sustainability project. This study highlights the evolution of spatial growth in the city of Adrar in southern Algeria during the period 1986-2016 by establishing a Spatio-temporal mapping and landscape quantification. The methodological approach is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat satellite images for 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016, and the application of landscape metrics. The results show two opposite spatial trends: significant growth of built-up areas against an excessive loss of palm groves. The landscape metrics allowed the identification of a progressive fragmentation process characterising the palm groves. Thus, the findings of this study show the utility of satellite imagery and landscape metrics approach for monitoring urbanisation patterns and assessing their impacts on oasis ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 209-219.
The Impacts of Urban Morphology on Housing Indoor Thermal Condition in Hoi An City, Vietnam
1 * M.A. Thien Huong Luu Image result for research orcid, 2 Dr. Juan-Carlos Rojas-Arias Image result for research orcid, 3 Dr. Dominique Laffly Image result for research orcid
1and 2 Laboratory of Research in Architecture (LRA), National School of Architecture of Toulouse, France
3 University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, France
E-mail 1: thien-huong.luu@toulouse.archi.fr , E-mail 2: juan-carlos.rojas-arias@toulouse.archi.fr ,
E-mail 3: dominique.laffly@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 July 2020
Accepted 25 August 2020
Available online 14 September 2020
Keywords:
Urban Morphology;
Indoor Thermal Condition; Ancient Town;
Vernacular House;
Modern Terraced House.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Assessing the impact of urban morphology on the indoor thermal condition of housing in a tourism city in central Vietnam — Hoi An City is the main objective of this study. The research process is carried out by a variety of methods including in situ surveys, measuring with temperature sensors, data analysis and map analysis. Four houses, located in two areas with different urban forms, were selected for measurement within one month to investigate the differences in housing indoor temperature. The impact of urban morphology on housing was thereafter determined. Temperature sensors were permanently installed in 4 houses; based on these empirical measurements and data collected, the paper addresses solutions to improve urban morphology and indoor thermal condition.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 183-196.
Towards the Egyptian Charter for Conservation of Cultural Heritages
1 Associate Professor Dr. Corinna Rossi , 2 * Sara Rabie
1 Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture, Politecnico di Milano Cairo, Milan, Italy
2 Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
1 E-mail: corinna.rossi@polimi.it , 2 E-mail: sarah.rabie@guc.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 5 April 2021
Accepted 15 June 2021
Available online 25 June 2021
Keywords:
Cultural Heritages;
Conservation;
History;
Value;
Authenticity;
Europe;
Egypt.
ABSTRACT
The notion of “Cultural heritage” is quite modern compared to other humanistic fields developed in the last century. Conservation as a science has emerged and took shape during international conventions and treaties in many places in Europe and developed various frameworks to recognize the heritage and its value but based on “Eurocentric bias” criteria. The fact of sharing universal values and common practices during the age of globalization had a significant impact on conservation actions in contexts utterly different from western societies and don’t share the same historical or cultural dimensions. Therefore, this study traces the history of the evolution of conservation in the west from two perspectives; the historical one and the developing methodologies, and the philosophies behind the main theories in conservation. Cultural heritage is a reflection of the identity of the society and its past; thus, this study outlines the development of conservation practices in Egypt within the international approaches in a chronological order to investigate the social response and the impact of the political and cultural influence of the cultural consciousness of the society and the conservation actions in the Egyptian context. Furthermore, to investigate the contribution of international charters in developing national policies in Egypt.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 101-111.
Urban Land-use and Traffic Congestion: Mapping the Interaction
1 * Ph.D. Candidate James Kanyepe Image result for research orcid, 2 Prof. Dr. Marian Tukuta Image result for research orcid, 3 Prof. Dr. Innocent Chirisa Image result for research orcid
1 and 2 Department of Supply Chain Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe
3 Department of Demography Settlement & Development, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
E-mail 1: jameskanyepe@gmail.com, E-mail 2: paidamoyo2016@gmail.com
E-mail 3: innocent.chirisa@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 25 October 2020
Accepted 15 December 2020
Available online 19 December 2020
Keywords:
Land-Use;
Peak Hour;
Traffic Congestion;
Transport;
Travel Patterns;
Travel Behavior.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The interaction between transport, land-uses and travel patterns produce diverse transportation problems in urban cities with traffic congestion as the most visible manifestation. Traffic congestion is a frequent phenomenon in most cities around the globe. This paper reviews the interaction between land-use traffic congestion through published literature. The objective of this study is to encourage and provide researchers with future research directions in land-use and traffic congestion. For this purpose, a systematic review was performed analysing 45 articles from the year 2010 to 2020 using a descriptive approach. Subsequently, the results of the study show that although the interaction between land-use and traffic congestion has gained currency in developed countries far less is known on this subject in developing parts of the world, though new evidence is steadily accumulating. Consequently, limitations of this work are presented, opportunities are identified for future lines of research. Finally, the conclusion confirms the need for further research addressing the methodological concerns.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 77-84.
SIMURG_CITIES: Meta-Analysis for KPI's of Layer-Based Approach in Sustainability Assessment
1 * PhD Candidate. Burcu Ülker Image result for research orcid, 2 Prof. Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu Image result for research orcid, 3 Prof. Dr. Özlem Özçevik Image result for research orcid
1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Kırklareli University, Turkey
2 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Turkey
3 Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
E-mail 1: burcuulker@klu.edu.tr, E-mail 2: alaattin.kanoglu@alanya.edu.tr
E-mail 3: ozceviko@itu.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 6 March 2020
Accepted 20 June 2020
Available online 5 July 2020
Keywords:
SIMURG_CITIES;
Performance-Based Design and Building;
Competitiveness;
Competition by Design;
Innovativeness;
Interoperability; KPIs;
Sustainability; Smart Cities;
Meta-Analysis.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
“SIMURG_CITIES” is the research and development project that is developed under the main project named SIMURG: “A performance-based and Sustainability-oriented Integration Model Using Relational database architecture to increase Global competitiveness of Turkish construction industry in industry 5.0 era”, is a relational database model that is currently being developed in a dissertation for performance-based development and assessment of sustainable and sophisticated solutions for the built environment. This study aims to analyze the key performance indicators (KPIs) at «Cities Level» for the smart city concept that is referred to as «Layers» in the master project. KPIs for the concept of a smart city are determined by using the meta-analysis technique. Hence, the three most reputable urban journals issued from 2017 through 2020 are reviewed in this study. In addition to this, models of smart city frameworks/assessment tools/KPIs are reviewed within the context of this paper; environment, economy, and governance were found to have domain themes on urban sustainability according to the literature review. Consequently, efficient and integrated urban management, environmental monitoring and management, public and social services of urban development, and sustainability are found to be the most important dimensions in urban and regional planning. SIMURG_CITIES evaluation models for urban projects can use the findings of this paper.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 59-76.
Model Cities for Resilience: Climate-led Initiatives
* Dr. Didem Gunes Yilmaz Image result for research orcid
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Yıldırım Kampüsü, 152 Evler Mah., Eğitim Cd. No:85, Turkey
Email: didem.yilmaz@btu.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 18 February 2020
Accepted 20 July 2020
Available online 25 July 2020
Keywords:
Climate Change;
Sustainable Cities;
Sponge Cities;
Cities and Natural Disasters;
Cities and Climate Actions.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Paris Agreement of December 2015 was the last official initiative led by the United Nations (UN) as the driver of climate change mitigation. Climate change was hence linked with an increase in the occurrence of natural hazards. A variety of initiatives were consequently adopted under different themes such as sustainable cities, climate-friendly development, and low-carbon cities. However, most of the initiatives targeted by global cities with urban areas being the focus in terms of taking action against global warming issues. This is due to the structural and environmental features of cities characterized by being populated, as such, they not only generate a large number of carbon emissions but also happens to be the biggest consumer of natural resources. In turn, they create a microclimate, which contributes to climate change. Masdar City, for example, was designed as the first fully sustainable urban area, which replaced fuel-based energy with electric-based energy. China, as another example, introduced the Sponge Cities action, a method of urban water management to mitigate against flooding. Consequently, architects and urban planners are urged to conform to the proposals that would mitigate global warming. This paper, as a result, examines some of the models that have been internationally adopted and thereafter provide recommendations that can be implemented in large urban areas in Turkey, primarily in Istanbul.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 47-58.
Urbanization, Housing Quality and Health:
Towards a Redirection for Housing Provision in
Nigeria
* Dr. Oluwafemi K. Akande
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Email: fkakande225@googlemail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 8 May 2020 Accepted 17 June 2020 Available online 6 September 2020
Keywords:
Urban Housing; Housing Quality; Indoor Air Quality; Public Health; Urbanization.
ABSTRACT
Nigeria’s housing provision is perceived in terms of quantity with less attention to its quality and impact on people’s health. The quality of indoor air in housing and its associated risks to human health was assessed in this paper to improve housing provision in Nigeria. Quantitative data collected from Bauchi, Nigeria includes household surveys, housing characteristics, indoor carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). PM2.5 and PM10 recorded in the building were (63 μm/m3) and (228 μm/m3) and observed to be greater than safe values of 25 μm/m3 (PM2.5) and 50 μm/m3 (PM10) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Some building features associated with some ailments were found to be risk factors. The study recommended a redirection for more quality housing provision. It concludes that housing characteristics should be targeted for public health interventions as a means of improving the quality of urban housing in Nigeria.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 35-46.
Mediterranean Morphologies in Hot Summer
Conditions: Learning from France’s “Glorious
Thirty” Holiday Housing
* 1 M.Sc. Marjan Sansen , 2 Dr. Andrés Martínez , 3 Dr. Philippe Devillers 1,2 and 3 Montpellier National School of Architecture, France
1 Email: marjan.sansen@montpellier.archi.fr , 2 E mail: andres@andresmartinez.es 3 Email: philippe.devillers@montpellier.archi.fr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 5 May 2020 Accepted 7 June 2020 Available online 1 July 2020
Keywords:
Morphology; Mediterranean; Environmental Assessment; Additive Architecture; Holiday Housing.
ABSTRACT
Climate change and rising temperatures lead to an air-conditioning proliferation in the summertime of the Mediterranean regions. This study links urban morphology to the microclimate. It claims that a lesson can be drawn from holiday housing morphologies designed with an additive approach during the “Glorious Thirty” French coastal development (1946- 75). It is based on a morphological analysis of four case studies, with on the one hand re-drawing and site visiting, on the other hand, assessment of environmental performance through key parameters: Absolute Rugosity, Compactness Ratio, Building Density, Mineralization, Sky View Factor (SVF) and Height/Width (H/W) Ratio. Compared to literature reference values of a traditional courtyard morphology, the case studies are less compact and with a lower H/W Ratio (higher SVF), but they are less mineral than a historic medieval city centre. This research contributes to the search for semi- collective alternatives (for example additive morphologies) to individual housing in peri-urban areas, with high environmental performance in the summertime.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 19-34.
Urban Acupuncture in Large Cities: Filtering
Framework to Select Sensitive Urban Spots in
Riyadh for Effective Urban Renewal
* Dr. Usama A. Nassar
Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia Email: usama.a.nassar@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 25 April 2020 Accepted 7 June 2020 Available online 18 June 2020
Keywords:
Urban Acupuncture; Riyadh;
Sensitive Spot;
Urban Renewal; Human-centered Spaces.
ABSTRACT
New revitalization and regeneration strategies are currently taking place as a scheme for reassessing urban spaces. This paper, as a result, navigates the theory of Urban Acupuncture (UA) as a quick and effective tool that can be adopted in large cities. Using Riyadh city as a case study, it discusses how this tool can be used to achieve maximum results with minimal effort in the most critical places. Riyadh city is the capital of Saudi Arabia and is considered one of the fastest-growing metropolitan cities in the Arab world. Through time, it has transformed into a city with leftover open spaces and an ever-increasing population. The study commences by exploring the term UA and its principles and similarly presents some of its successful international examples. It thereafter delves into the past and current situation in the city to show some of the challenges it faces. The study aims to develop a filtering framework for selecting a suitable sensitive spot that can be used to apply the concept of UA. A conclusion is made that as a small-scale space approach and a progressive concentrated urban renewal strategy.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 1-18.
he starting point of this study is the fact that every production system entails a specific spatial organization and changes its physical environment. This research is an attempt to understand the industrialization period of Turkey’s Early Republican Period (1930’s) and the spatial effects of the new production system. Right after the Turkish War of Independence, The Republican Government of Turkey had aimed to establish an independent country and started to carry out a modernization and contemporization project. This project had different dimensions appealing to the institutional, economical, social and civic aspects of Turkey. The economical dimension included the industrialization and economical independence of Turkey. Besides from its economical, political and social goals, the Republican Government had aimed to change the physical appearance of the country. The Government’s first goal was to turn the country into the space of National Turkish Republic State from an empire’s land. Secondly, the small towns or settlements of the country were supposed to become modern cities, the places of modernity, just like the modern cities of the industrial and developed countries of the world. That explains why the factories which were set up all around the country had played such a crucial role in the modernization period of Turkey at the beginning of the Republican era. They were not only economical achievements of the state; they also affected their physical and social environments and introduced the modern way of living particularly where they were set up.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2020), 4(2), 87-94.
https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2020.v4n2-8
www.ijcua.com
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Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari, Dr. Mohammad Zare & Mitra Karimi 60
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community members and their neighborhood.
Public spaces are essential elements of the
quality of life for cities and urban districts and
provide public infrastructures and facilities for
them (Duivenvoorden et al., 2021). Urban
public spaces are areas where urban residents
can engage in their daily life activities and
participate in social interactions. In an urban
public space, people can involve in various
activities, communicate with each other, and
share experiences (Ji & Ding, 2021).
The quality of life in urban spaces is the
consequence of the relationship between the
user and the space (Das, 2008). Urban spaces
will function properly if they can operate as
attractive places for social interaction. Since
UROT regards urban public spaces as a
platform for establishing social interactions, it
employs the capacity of the Neighborhood
Development Offices’ (NDOs)1 in the renewal
process to that end. Accordingly, UROT has
identified specific locations for the creation of
public spaces. Hence, to find out about the
causes of both strengths and weaknesses of
urban spaces, it is necessary to examine these
public spaces and evaluate their social
effectiveness. In this article, three urban spaces
have been considered and investigated as the
case study. The selection was based on the
case studies’ distinct physical, functional and
operational attributes in neighborhood, local,
and trans-local scales.
The quality of space includes its social
environment, civic traditions, cultural facilities,
and recreational opportunities. Moreover,
public space can be described as well-
functioning if it contains physical qualities and
semantic features and also encourages social
interactions. This place presents as a brand for
users and visitors (Reilly & Renski, 2008).
Enhancing social interactions and a sense of
community by providing comfortable,
attractive and active streets, open spaces and
parks which embed social networks, urban
interactions, personal revitalization and other
activities that create social bonds between
individuals and groups are notable points in
neighborhood development (Dunenberg et
al., 2016).
Physical public space embodies struggles
between different ideologies, discourses,
1
NDOs are local departments in obsolescent neighborhoods which
are established by UROT to facilitate the renewal process. For more
information about NDOs, look at (Hajialiakbari, 2020).
political decisions and routine activities taking
place at personal, interpersonal, local,
national, supranational, and global scales
(Sadri, 2017). Pertaining to this, the principal
aim of this paper is to investigate the
importance of the functional scale of urban
space in the quality of the relationship
between users and space and also its effect on
users’ satisfaction.
2. Social interaction in urban spaces
Urban public spaces as natural or built
environments include streets, squares, public
paths (in commercial areas and residential
neighborhoods), open spaces, parks, and
public-private spaces easily accessible for
most people at certain hours of the day
(Rafieian & Asgari, 2000). Oldenburg considers
"Third Places" next to homes and workplaces
that host voluntary gatherings of individuals as
a special form of public space (Oldenburg,
1989). Urban public spaces, as much as they
are a way forward in the development of social
justice, could be a factor for deepening social
inequalities if not carefully planned and
designed (Rafieian & Asgari, 2000). One of the
approaches considered to revive the social life
in obsolescent neighborhoods in recent years is
the enhancement of their public spaces.
Recent studies provide new evidence on the
relationship between urban vitality and social
cohesion in terms of: first, the role of the built
environment in urban vitality; second, the role
of the built environment in social cohesion; and
third, the links between urban vitality and social
cohesion (Mouratidis & Poortinga, 2020).
According to Lang, patterns of social
interaction have particular importance in
urban public spaces. A study of more than one
thousand urban public spaces in different parts
of the world indicates that four basic factors
have leading roles in measuring the quality of
urban public spaces; namely accessibility and
interconnectedness, comfort and quality of
landscape, usage and activities, and
sociability (Ghaed Rahmati et al., 2018).
3. Different levels of social interaction
In numerous publications, the urban spaces
have been evaluated based on diverse
models and various socio-spatial indicators.
Gehl (2011), considering activity as the most
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Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari, Dr. Mohammad Zare & Mitra Karimi 61
critical factor of efficacy in urban space,
defines social activity as a situation in which
two people are simultaneously in one specific
place, although the purpose of being with
each other might vary. The meeting is
somehow represented as a seed for inclusive
forms of social activity (Hussein, 2018). Social
activities are all activities that depend on the
presence of “others” in public spaces. They
can include greetings, discussions between
people and routine activities of all kinds, as well
as passive contacts like watching and hearing
others (Zerouati & Bellal, 2020). Recognizing the
relationships that community members have
with their homes, surrounding spaces and
neighborhood is becoming increasingly
important as designers and city governments
seek responsive and equitable design
practices and management strategies (Klein et
al., 2021).
These activities take place only when exterior
conditions like weather and quality of place
are suitable. This relationship is particularly
crucial in physical planning because most of
the pleasant recreational activities to pursue
outdoors are found precisely in this category of
activities. These activities are especially reliant
on exterior physical conditions (Gehl, 2011) and
can be classified into three categories:
A) Necessary functional activities: These
activities occur under any circumstances
and regardless of physical qualities because
people are forced to do them. Some
examples are crossing the streets, going to
school and workplace, etc.;
B) Optional selective activities: These activities
are sensitive to the quality of space and
occur only if there is an attractive and
inviting place;
C) Social activities: Activities that occur only
when people are present in the space, such
as watching, listening, meeting others, and
active or inactive participation in the
environment. Based on this group of
activities, the concept of vitality can be
delineated. A vital public space is a place
that the presence of a significant number of
people with diverse conditions (age,
gender, etc.) engaging in mainly selective
or social activities can be seen in wide
periods of time.
According to Gehl’s Model (Figure 1), different
levels of activities may occur in public spaces,
which can be regarded as an indicator of
success in meeting users’ needs. Based on this
model, the existence of necessary and
optional activities in urban spaces contributes
to an increase in social activities, although the
level of each category of activities is related to
the scale of space. This paper expands Gehl’s
model based on the functional scale of urban
spaces (in three case studies). Based on the
aforementioned model, some criteria for
functions of the spaces have been selected
(Figure 2) and then, a questionnaire was
designed to evaluate the quality of spaces for
the aim of this paper.
Figure 1. The impact of space quality on different activities (Gehl, 2011) .
4. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 6(1), 59-68/ 2022
Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari, Dr. Mohammad Zare & Mitra Karimi 62
Figure 2. Conceptual model of the study.
4. Different scales of social interaction in case
studies
Urban spaces prompt different behavioral
reactions in users based on their functional
scale. The presence of people in
neighborhood-scale urban spaces which have
pre-existing social relations in addition to
familiarity with the spatial structure of the
environment will be different from the urban
spaces where users are from other
neighborhoods.
The urban space projects that have been
defined by UROT are mainly focused on
obsolescent neighborhoods. According to the
recognition of the neighborhoods’ structure
and diagnosis of their key weaknesses, UROT
has undertaken physical interventions in public
areas. These projects are based on the
neighborhoods’ social structure and service
per capita status. Hence, several rehabilitation
projects have been put into operation of
which, three projects with different scales
(neighborhood, local, and trans-local) have
been selected for the aim of this paper. In the
following part, the case studies’ characteristics,
methods of intervention and the satisfaction
level of residents are presented.
4.1 Simin Neighborhood Centre (micro-scale)
“Simin neighborhood Centre” has been
selected to compensate for the lack of public
space, provide a playground for children,
increase the possibility of public participation in
neighborhood, create a sense of belonging
and organize an abandoned land in “Anbar-
Naft neighborhood” in District 11 of Tehran. The
project had an area of 400 square meters.
Despite the appropriate potential, it has been
abandoned; because the residents believed
that while installing furniture, facilities, and
equipment, an unsafe place would be created
(Figure 3). However, based on the initial studies
and negotiation with local community
members, UROT decided to plan a safe and
secure space that suits families and residents.
To appraise the local community’s needs and
become acquainted with the intervention
area, relevant information and opinions of
citizens, officials and experts were elicited
through questionnaires and face-to-face
interviews; the results of which were considered
as the main element in the design process.
Necessary
functional
activities
Optional
selective
activities
Social activities
Physical qualities Quality of space
Behaviour in built
environment
Criteria:
Walkability
Suitability for the
disabled
Lighting suitability
Criteria:
Aesthetic quality
Safety
Shaded Spaces
Criteria:
Social Interaction
Eventuality
Security
Fit the needs
- Increase safety
- Aesthetic quality of space
- Increase Security
- Satisfaction rate
- Enhance the physical quality
- Strengthen the Presence of
pedestrians
- Walkability
- Eventuality
- Social inclusion
- number of events held in
space
Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation
5. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 6(1), 59-68/ 2022
Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari, Dr. Mohammad Zare & Mitra Karimi 63
Figure 3. Pre-intervention status of Simin neighborhood
centre.
A field study of the problems in the intervention
area indicated that the major issues were low
levels of security (25%), lack of green spaces
and inappropriate use of the space as a
parking lot (27%); and environmental pollution
(40%). Due to the poverty of the residents and
inappropriate physical quality of the Anbar-
Naft neighborhood, many primitive residents
have left neighborhood, and current residents
showed low levels of sense of belonging. These
circumstances led to a lack of social integrity.
In the status quo, the use of behavioral patterns
in the space are related to the parameters of
time and place; it means the least activity was
observed before the afternoon, and after 4
pm, most behavioral patterns occurred in the
form of a group sitting and children playing. In
this small and micro-scale space, an attempt
was made to make the best use of the space
according to the needs of residents. For this
reason, the intervention focused on re-
organization of the space, improvement of the
green spaces and creation of several places
for neighbours to gather and children to play
(Figure 4).
Figure 4. Simin neighborhood, proposed plan (Down),
after implementation (Top).
4.2 Shirin-Dokht local space (meso-scale)
Shirin-Dokht intervention area covers 2700
square meters in the “Minabi neighborhood” in
District 15 of Tehran. The area is the result of
buying and merging 36 parcels in an
obsolescent neighborhood by UROT in the
previous decade which had been abandoned
for many years (Figure 5). According to the
interviews and surveys, residents classified their
social problems into three groups: low levels of
security, migration of primitive residents, and
occurrence of disturbing activities within the
residential neighborhood. They referred to the
numerous indefensible spaces in the
neighborhood as the basis for the presence of
addicted persons and the main reason for
unsafety. Also, the lack of sewage collection
network, visual disorder and stench caused by
garbage was a source of dissatisfaction
among residents.
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Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari, Dr. Mohammad Zare & Mitra Karimi 64
Figure 5. Shirin-Dokht local space, pre-intervention status
(Down), intervention area site plan (Top).
In Shirin-Dokht case, local public space played
a unique role in increasing the quality of the
environment and improving the living
standards of inhabitants. This role was
performed by creating a spatial opening versus
the dense context of the Minabi neighborhood
and also by providing some of the necessary
local service amenities of the neighborhood
(Figure 6). According to a survey of citizens,
solving security problems, creating an
attractive and inclusive space for different age
groups, providing a place for holding rituals
and other gatherings, offering some of the
neighborhood’s recreational and cultural
facilities and making a place for were
requested. Therefore, elimination of non-
observable corners, construction of
playgrounds, provision of appropriate lighting,
prevention of vehicles from entering the space,
creation of visual diversity by using various
colors, and construction of a building to
organize vocational training and
entrepreneurship courses were considered in
the planning process.
Figure 6. Proposed plan (Down), after implementation
(Top).
4.3 Amir-Kabir Plaza (macro-scale)
Amir-Kabir Plaza, with an area of 8500 square
meters, is located in the “Shokoofe
neighborhood” in District 14 of Tehran. The site
was supposed to be a commercial complex.
However, because of to the high density of
population and buildings in the neighborhood
and lack of any open spaces, additional
studies were conducted and fundamental
changes were made in the intervention plan.
Hence, by allocating the area to an urban
space, the prerequisite for the presence of
citizens was provided. Moreover, part of the
area was determined for the provision of
necessary sport and cultural amenities (Figure
7).
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Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari, Dr. Mohammad Zare & Mitra Karimi 65
Figure 7. Planning area, before the intervention.
In the Amir-Kabir Plaza project, a gross area of
1400 square meters was allocated to the
construction of four buildings for cultural, sport,
and recreational activities. In addition, 7,000
square meters open space was provided for
diverse groups of users, in which various social
events can be held (Figure 8).
Figure 8. After implementation (Top), proposed plan
(Down).
5. Findings
Analysis of the interviews and questionnaires
shows that the time and duration of citizens’
presence in urban spaces varies and is
dependent on the functional scale of the
projects. For instance, in neighborhood-scale
projects users tend to stay longer in space
(80%) in comparison with trans-local spaces
(69%). Furthermore, results indicate that the
length of users' presence in the space is directly
influenced by the type of activities in the
space. For example, children spend more time
in a space where the playing equipment is
available.
One of the criteria evaluated in this paper is the
level of satisfaction of users from spaces in
different scales. Researchers rate the
satisfaction in three scales by the criteria such
as satisfaction from the quality of
implementation, ease of walking, security of
space especially for the presence of women
and children, the capability for hosting public
and participatory events, visual quality of the
landscape and attention to the needs of users.
These indicators were assessed through a
questionnaire completed by 30 users in each
project (90 in total).
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Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari, Dr. Mohammad Zare & Mitra Karimi 66
Table 1. Evaluation of social interaction criteria in Simin, Shirin-Dokht, and Amir-Kabir cases.
The results show that the effectiveness of the
intervention is related to the scale of projects.
On neighborhood scale, the sense of
belonging is more noticeable, which can be
attributed to the past familiarity with the
environment. On the neighborhood scale, the
presence of women and children is
considerably higher than in other projects,
which shows a sense of security in the space.
This result can also be concluded from analysis
of the “increasing security” criterion. The
evaluation of the “satisfaction rate” criterion
also shows that despite more facilities in Shirin-
Dokht and Amir-Kabir spaces, the satisfaction
level in Simin is significantly higher than the
others, which indicates the stronger
connection between users and space.
Also, in evaluating the improvement of the
visual qualities of the environment, the highest
level of satisfaction is observed in the Simin
project, which can be attributed to a stronger
connection between users and the
environment and more familiarity with
neighborhood-scale space in comparison with
projects on larger scales.
Figure 9. Tendency toward optional selective activities (Top) and tendency toward social activity in different urban
spaces (Down) in different scales (Authors).
Very High High Mean Low Very Low Very High High Mean Low Very Low Very High High Mean Low Very Low
Satisfaction rate 40% 50% 0% 5% 5% 4% 42% 12% 13% 29% 19% 28% 22% 9% 22%
Increase the quality of the environment 25% 60% 10% 0% 5% 13% 33% 33% 17% 4% 16% 25% 31% 16% 13%
Strengthen the presence of pedestrians 30% 50% 10% 10% 0% 13% 46% 8% 25% 8% 31% 38% 19% 9% 3%
Increase safety 25% 50% 10% 15% 0% 8% 46% 13% 25% 8% 41% 34% 13% 9% 3%
Social inclusion 55% 40% 5% 0% 0% 38% 29% 29% 4% 0% 41% 34% 22% 3% 0%
Eventuality 35% 35% 15% 5% 10% 25% 29% 17% 8% 21% 9% 28% 16% 31% 16%
Improve the visual quality of the environment 65% 35% 0% 0% 0% 33% 46% 4% 4% 13% 63% 19% 16% 3% 0%
walkability 25% 60% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 21% 58% 21% 6% 25% 22% 31% 16%
Increase environmental security 15% 50% 25% 5% 5% 8% 9% 25% 4% 54% 3% 28% 19% 31% 19%
Fits the needs of users 5% 30% 10% 45% 10% 21% 25% 16% 13% 25% 3% 16% 44% 22% 15%
Simin Neighborhood Shirin-Dokht Local Space Amirkabir Plaza
Criteria
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Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari, Dr. Mohammad Zare & Mitra Karimi 67
36% of users are not optimistic about the
adaptation of the function of urban space with
their needs at a trans-local scale; but there is
90% satisfaction rate in the neighborhood-
scale project which is starkly in contrast with
47% and 46% satisfaction in trans-local and
local-scale projects, respectively. The duration
of users' presence at different hours of the day
varies depending on the functional scale of
each project. Results indicate that the time of
users' presence in the space showed a direct
relation with the functional scale of the space.
Ultimately, the type of activities in space is also
related to users' presence population.
6. Conclusion
In this paper, Gehl’s model was expanded for
urban spaces with different functional scales
and the effects of scale on the efficacy of
urban spaces was analyzed to be used as a
tool in the prediction of the results of
interventions. A review of the data that was
obtained from the questionnaires and
interviews indicated that there is an inverse
relationship between the sense of belonging to
the place and the project’s functional scale. In
addition, in the cases where there was a
previous experience of the space by the users
before the intervention, a stronger relationship
between the new space and the users was
recorded.
According to evaluated criteria on case
studies and concerning the Gehl’s model, two
sorts of tendencies were observed: First,
tendency toward optional selective activities,
and second, tendency toward social activities.
Subsequently, the relationship between
functional scale of public spaces and
tendency to different activities was evaluated.
According to the results of questionnaires,
“satisfaction rate” and “quality of the
environment” were selected as the key criteria
for evaluating optional selective activities in
different scales, whereas “eventuality” and
“social inclusion” were selected for the
evaluation of social activities (figure 9). As the
results show, the tendency to use space for
both optional selected activities and social
activities has a reverse ratio with the functional
scale of space.
According to table 1 and the relationship
between the promotions of space quality in
neighborhood scale, improvement of the
quality of space has a significant effect on
optional selective and social activities. For
instance, some criteria like “social inclusion”
and “eventuality” which are directly related to
social activities have shown significant growth
in the Simin neighborhood, but have reduced
in Shirin-Dokht and Amir-Kabir spaces. In this
framework, the Gehl model was expanded
base on the scale (figure 10). In the expanded
model based on the scale of space, an inverse
ratio between the scale of space and both
optional selective and social activities is shown,
in which reduction in the scale of space leads
to an increase in the amount of optional and
social activities.
Acknowledgement
This research did not receive any specific grant
from funding agencies in the public,
commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Conflict of interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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How to cite this article:
Hajialiakbari, K., Zare, M., & Karimi, M. (2022). The Role of “Scale” on the Acceleration of Social Interaction in Urban Spaces. Journal of
Contemporary Urban Affairs, 6(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2022.v6n1-6