By 2050, India with about 1.7 billion people will be the most populous country in the world, accounting for about 17 percent of the global population but only 2 percent of land and less than 4 percent of water. And about 60 percent of the population, nearly 1 billion, will be urbanized and a large part of it will be rural migrants. The rapid urbanization will further accelerate the demand for higher quantity of quality food, especially of high value foods such as fruits, vegetables, milk, meat and eggs, from the shrinking land, water, biodiversity resources. Moreover, the crowding cities and their peripheries will be facing agriculture land loss that will affect future food production in large scale.

1. welcome
17-05-2014 1Urbanization and Indian Agriculture: A Critical Analysis.

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Urbanization and Indian Agriculture: A Critical Analysis.
URBANIZATION AND INDIAN AGRICULTURE :
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
RAVI K N
M.Sc. Scholar
Dairy Extension Division

3. CONTENTS
 FUTURE CHALLENGES
 WORLD SCENARIO
 URBANIZATION
 COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS
i. INDIAN AGRICULTURE
ii. DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL AND URBAN
POPULATION
iii. URBANIZATION IN INDIA
 CAUSES AND EFFECTS
 ADOPTION STRATEGIES
 CONCLUSION
17-05-2014 Urbanization and Indian Agriculture: A Critical Analysis.
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4. The five challenges
 Constant reduction in the per capita
availability of land,
 increasing urbanisation,
 attracting youth to farming,
 creation of additional jobs and livelihoods
and globalisation of agricultural trade.
(MS Swaminathan ,2011)
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FUTURE CHALLENGES

5.  Total World Population Is 7.1 Billion.
By 2050 it is predicted that 64.1% and 85.9%
of the developing and developed countries in
world respectively will be urbanized.
( "Urban life: Open-air computers". The Economist. 2012. )
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WORLD SCENARIO

6. URBANIZATION
The precise demographic definition of
urbanization is the increasing share of a
nation’s population living in urban areas.
(source:Satterthwaite et al, 2010)
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7. Acc to census of India-2011
WHEN U CALL IT URBAN?
 A minimum population of 5,000;
 At least 75 per cent of the male main workers
engaged in non-agricultural pursuits
 A density of population of at least 400 per
sq. km.
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8. INDIAN AGRICULTURE
• Employment - 263 Million cultivator &
agricultural labourers directly and GDP
13.7%.
• 57 per cent of the population and most of
industries depend on raw materials.
• food grain production: 1950-51 - 51mt in
2011-12 259.29 million tonnes .
(Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics).
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9. • The milk production 17 million tonnes in
1950-51 to 127.9 million tonnes in 2011-12
(NDDB, 2012)
Agriculture Yet Forms The Backbone Of
Development.
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10. URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION
• Table 2: Population and Agricultural Workers
(In Million)
17-05-2014 Urbanization and Indian Agriculture: A Critical Analysis.
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Year Total
Population
Average
Annual
Exponential
Growth Rate
(%)
Rural
Population
Agricultural Workers
Cultivators Agricultural
Labourers
Total
1951 361.1 1.25 298.6
(82.7)
69.9
(71.9)
27.3
(28.1)
97.2
2001 1028.7 1.97 742.6
(72.2)
127.3
(54.4)
106.8
(45.6)
234.1
2011* 1210.6 1.64 833.5
(68.8)
118.7
(45.1)
144.3
(54.9)
263.0

11. • TABLE 3: Percentage of rural population over
the decades
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year rural population in %
1951 82.7
1961 82.6
1971 80.1
1981 76.1
1991 74.5
2001 72.2
2011 68.8

12. Rural – Urban distribution: 68.84% & 31.16%
respectively
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
rural population in %

13. • TABLE 4: Area under non-agriculture use (in million
ha)
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year Area under non agriculture use in million ha.
1950-51 9.36
1990-91 21.09
2000-01 23.75
2009-10 26.28
2010-11 26.51

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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1950-51 1990-91 2000-01 2009-10 2010-11
Area under non agriculture use in
million ha.

15. URBANIZATION IN INDIA
urban population -increase 27.81% to
31.16% in 2001 to 2011. But, rural
population declined from 72.19% to
68.84%
The present Rural population is 833.1 million
and Urban population 377.1 million
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16. • Migration of rural people towards urban.
• Tremendous increase in the population.
• Do to industrialization.
• Due to modernization.
• Increase in the Employment opportunity.
• More life expectancy in the urban areas.
(standard of living).
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17. Emerging limitations
• Urbanization increases the loss of
agricultural land for non-farm purpose.
• The low availability and high cost of land in
urban / peri urban areas which leads to
farmers willing to sell their land.
• Urbanization will increase the degradation of
the fertile land.
• Rapid urbanization leads to massive growth
of slum.
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18. • Urbanization leads to shift of working
population from agriculture to industries and
due to this there is fall in agriculture produce
which results in fall in food production.
• Rural youth migrates towards urban areas
leaving agriculture as non profit occupation
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19. STRATEGIES
• URBAN AND PERI URBAN AGRICULTURE
components of UPA:
Urban and peri-urban horticulture and crop
Production.
 Livestock in urban and peri-urban area
Urban and peri-urban Aquaculture.
(Source:FAO,2001)
Encourage contract and cooperative farming
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20. • Attracting and Motivating Youth towards
Agriculture.
• Need to formulate the strict Legislations to
control the real estate activities.
• Minimize the migration of the rural
population .
• Effective utilization of urban waste for
agriculture activities .(compost,
recycling of waste water etc..)
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21. CONCLUSION
Their is need to adopt the strategies in
agriculture to minimize the limitation of
urbanization for prosperous growth of Indian
agriculture and for sustainable agriculture
growth and development for feeding of future
population.
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