The document discusses universal usability, which refers to designing products and services to be usable by all people to the greatest extent possible. It was introduced by professor Ben Schneiderman. Universal usability aims to satisfy the needs of all diverse users and considers factors like learnability, efficiency, errors, satisfaction, and accessibility for people with disabilities. The seven principles of universal design are also outlined, which include equitable use, flexibility, and tolerance of error. Challenges to achieving universal usability include supporting a wide range of technologies, accommodating diverse users, and bridging gaps in user knowledge.

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Universal Usability
(Introduction)
• The term Universal Usability means “ Usable by all ”.
• It refers to the design of products and services that are
usable by all, as much as possible.
• A concept introduced by professor Ben Schneiderman, a computer
scientist at the Human-Computer Interaction Lab at the
University of Maryland, College Park.

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Quality Components
• Learnability :- Do users find it easy to complete basic tasks?
• Efficiency :- How quick users can perform tasks?
• Memorability :- Are users easily able to re – establish
proficiency after a long gap?
• Errors :- How many errors do users make, It’s severity, and
are they able to recover speedily?
• Satisfaction :- Did users have a delightful experience?

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Universal Design Principle
• Equitable Use:- The design should be accessible to everyone
• Low physical effort:- The design should be efficient, comfortable,
and can be used with a minimum of fatigue.
• Perceptible information:- The design should communicate necessary
information to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or user’s
sensory abilities.
• Size and Space for Approach and Use:- Appropriate size and space is
provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of the
user's body size, posture, or mobility.

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Universal Design Principle
• Tolerance of error:- The design should minimize accidental error
or should provide warning of errors.
• Simple and Intuitive Use:- The design should be easy enough to be
used by users of different knowledge or skills. The design should
avoid unnecessary complexity.
• Flexibility in Use:- The design should accommodate a wide range of
individual preferences and abilities.

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Goal
• Design product or service that is beneficial for wide variety of users.
• The design must satisfy need of every users.
• It must be simple and easy to use for all users.
• It implies that diverse users with varying language skills, knowledge levels,
motivation, and computer hardware/software can successfully apply technology to
get what they need in life.

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Accessibility vs
Universal Usability
• Accessibility addresses discriminatory aspects related to
equivalent user experience for people with disabilities.
• Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can equally
perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with websites and
tools.
• It also means that they can contribute equally without barriers.

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Accessibility vs
Universal Usability
• Universal usability on the other hand strives to make the content
and functionality accessible and usable by all.
• It is about designing products to be effective, efficient, and
satisfying.
• Usability includes user experience design.
• This may include general aspects that impact everyone and do not
disproportionally impact people with disabilities.

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Challenges of Universal Usability
According to Schneiderman, Designer can focus on three given Challenges : -
 Technology variety:- Support broad range of hardware, software, and
network access.
 User diversity:- Accommodating users with different skills, knowledge, age,
gender, disabilities, disabling conditions mobility, sunlight, noise, literacy,
culture, income, etc.
 Gaps in user knowledge:- Bridge the gap between what users know and what they
need to know.

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References
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_usability
• http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/trs/99-17/99-17.html
• https://simplicable.com/new/universal-usability
• http://universalusability.com/
• http://universaldesign.ie/What-is-Universal-Design/The-7-Principles/