This document contains notes from an English language class covering several topics: - Vocabulary on compound adjectives formed with hyphens. - Expressing and asking for clarification of lack of understanding. - A reading on culture and globalization in Japan discussing preserving cultural roots while adapting to global standards. - Vocabulary related to the reading on concepts like consistency, bias, and dissemination. - Grammar lessons on the past perfect simple and past perfect continuous tenses, how they are used to refer to actions before other past actions.

1. UNIT TWO: CULTURAL ISSUES AND
VALUES
Friday, October 04, 2013 Khalid DRIOUCH - teacher of english

2. Vocabulary:
Compound adjectives
They are adjectives that are made up of two
or more words usually with a hyphen (-)
between them.
• Most traditional jewelleries are made with hand.
Most traditional jewelleries are hand-made.
• My cousin lives in Paris; he has his own business there.
 My cousin is self-employed.
• My father gets angry very quickly.
 My father is short-tempered person.
Friday, October 04, 2013 Khalid DRIOUCH - teacher of english

3. Communication: expressing lack of
understanding and asking for clarification
Expressing lack of
understanding
Asking for clarification
•What do you mean by
“cosmopolitan”?
•I don’t quite follow you
•I don’t get your point
•I don’t understand
•Can you be more precise
please?
•Can you explain more?
•Could you be more explicit
Friday, October 04, 2013 Khalid DRIOUCH - teacher of english

4. Reading: Culture and Globalization
in Japan
Here are some of the main ideas in the reading
text (p: 28)
Culture refers to the lifestyle or our way of life.
People should accept each others cultural differences
without forgetting or abandoning their cultural uniqueness
or local value.
People need to keep human contacts in the internet age.
Virtual contacts through the internet (such as chat) should
not be a substitute for human relations but rather a
compliment for real contacts.
People need to go back to their cultural roots to preserve
and promote their cultural traits while adapting to the
global standard to improve their economy, industry and
agriculture.
Friday, October 04, 2013 Khalid DRIOUCH - teacher of english

5. Vocabulary related to the reading text:
Consistent: the same; not changing.
Misconception: to believe something in a wrong way.
Discrepancy: difference/ disagreement.
Substitute: put something instead of something else, to
replace.
Disseminate: to spread ideas, believes etc. widely/ to
expand
Bias: an opinion or feeling that favours one side in an
argument; sometimes unfairly.
Reading: Culture and Globalization
in Japan
Friday, October 04, 2013 Khalid DRIOUCH - teacher of english

6. Grammar:
past perfect simple/ past perfect continous
Form: had + past participle
The past perfect simple is used for an action which happened before another
action in the past.
• Example:
• She had finished work before she met her friends for coffee. (She finished
work first then she met her friends.)
 The past perfect is used with the following time expressions:
before/after/already/just/for/since/until/when/by the time
Friday, October 04, 2013 Khalid DRIOUCH - teacher of english

7. • The past perfect continuous:
Form: had + been + Verb + ing
The past perfect continuous is used to emphasise on the duration of an
action which started and finished in the past before another past action usually
with for and since.
they had been looking for a house for six months before they found one.
I had been doing my homework when the light went off.
Who had been living in that house before your father bought it ?
 The past perfect continuous is used with the following time expressions:
for/since/how long/before/until
past present
Past perfect
continuous
Past simple
Grammar:
past perfect simple/ past perfect continous
Friday, October 04, 2013 Khalid DRIOUCH - teacher of english