Masonry

2. What is Masonry?
something constructed of
materials used by masons
the art, trade, or occupation
of a mason

3. Mason a skilled worker
who builds by laying
units of substantial
material (such as stone
or brick)

4. Masonry refers to the structured
construction of wall and important
features of a building through the use of
mortar and bond materials. Materials –
such as bricks, granite, glass, concrete
block, stucco, marble, stone, and
travertine – are used in installing panels
and in ornamental designs by laying
masonry units in specific patterns.

5. These units can be
reinforced through the use
of steel (rebar) units to
strengthen structures.

6. Types of Stones and Bond
Patterns
Masonry stones of various
shapes and forms are set in
different patterns. These stones
can be used as outer surface of a
wall or as a fitting of the core of a
wall.

7. 1. Rubble
is a broken stone of irregular
size, shape, and texture. This word
is derived from rubbish, which
means trash a garbage. Rubble, as
naturally found in the soil, is known
also as “brash”. Where present, it
becomes more noticeable when the
land is ploughed or worked.

9. 2. Ashlar
Masonry with the use of dressed or cut
stones laid in parallel courses is known as
ashlar masonry. Whereas masonry with
the use of irregularly shaped stones is
known as rubble masonry. Ashlar blocks
are rectangular cuboid blocks that are
masonry sculpted. They have square
edges and smooth faces.

11. 3. Random Ashlar
is an arrangement of
stones in various sizes. They are
used to make courses that are not
continuous for the whole length of
the wall . However, the course
has a formal appearance.

13. The term brick, as used
today, denotes a solid
rectangular masonry unit
formed in a plastic state from
clay and shale.

15. 1.COMMON BRICKS
are made form clay and
sold in the market. They are
sometimes called rustic, with
roughly finished appearance.

16. 2. FACE BRICKS
are used for extension and interior
and other architecture structures.
3. CALCIUM SILICATE BRICKS
are made with alumina and silica.
They are used for furnaces and other
structures that require higher
temperature up to 178°C.

18. Bricks are laid in horizontal or
vertical layer with a string or nylon
cord as guide. The vertical layer of
bricks is guided by a plump line
wherein the mortar, having a
thickness of 3 to 10 mm, is place
between layers.

19. RUNNING

20. ENGLISH

21. COMMON

22. DUTCH

23. GARDEN WALL

24. FLEMISH

25. The Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) are
widely used in the basic construction of
many buildings because of its low cost and
durability. The blocks are easily painted
and cleaned, and require little upkeep.
Because of its relatively size, buildings
constructed of concrete blocks are built
more quickly than brick structures.

26. 1. Tamper – it is used for pressing
exposed aggregate into concrete. It
usually has the shape of a long or
short handle attached to a flat blade
surface. When imprinting concrete with
texture mats o skins, this tool is used
to securely tamp down the mat and
ensure a good outlook.

27. 2. Straightedges – they are used to
remove excess freshly placed
concrete to level the surface in
preparation for finishing.
Straightedges can be made of thin
metal like aluminium and wood.
They come in different lengths and
widths.

28. 3. Floats – they are used in masonry
jobs to fill voids, level ridges and
smoothen the surface in preparation
for trowelling. Most floats for
decorative concrete work are made of
aluminium, magnesium wood, and
rubber, stainless steel, and laminated
wood or canvas resin.

29. 4. Fresno – trowels are designated in
such a way that they are attached to
long extension handles so that
masons don’t have to walk out on the
slab. Fresnos are efficient in rapid
work over large areas. The only
drawback is that they do not achieve
the same degree of compaction that
can be achieved with hand trowels.

30. 5. Trowels – this is used to spread
mortar. It is the most important
tool in masonry. The pointing
trowel is a miniature model of the
standard mason’s trowel.

31. 6. Hammers – they are used in
bricklaying and concrete block
construction. These are used to
cut concrete block and have wider
blades. Some are used for
chiselling stones.

32. 7. Plumb rule – it is called level. It is
used to establish a plumb line
(aligned vertically with the surface of
the earth) and a level line (aligned
horizontally with the surface of the
earth). It measures 24 inches wide
and 18 inches long with single or
double vials.

33. 8. Pocket Rules – there are two types
of rule by masons. The first type is
the course counter spacing rules. It is
used in laying bricks to space mortar
around door tops or window tops, and
measures 6 ft. long. The other one is
the modular spacing rule. It is based
on the module of 4 in.

34. 9. Brick Set or Blocking Chisel –
it is used to cut a very clean and
sharp edge of bricks or blocks. It
is also used for scoring or
chiselling masonry stone.