Masonry is the art of building structures from individual units like stone, brick, concrete blocks laid together with mortar. It involves laying the units in layers and binding them together. Masonry construction is generally very durable. Common masonry materials include brick, concrete blocks, marble, granite, and limestone. Masonry is used widely for walls, retaining walls, and monuments.

1. • Masonry is the art of building stone,
brick, concrete blocks or similar
materials.
• It is building of structures from
individual unit laid in and bound
together by mortar.
• It is generally a highly durable form of
construction.

2. BRICK- small hard
block of baked clay
that is used to build
structures sometimes
used to make streets,
paths etc.

3. The Common Materials of Masonry
MARBLE

4. GRANITE

5. LIME STONE

6. CONCRETE BLOCK

7. GLASS BLOCK

8. TILE

9. APPLICATIONS
 Masonry is commonly used for the walls of building,
retaining walls and monuments.
 Brick and concrete block are the common types of
masonry in use in industrialized nations and may be
either weight bearing or a veneer.
 Concrete blocks, especially those with hollow cores,
offer various possibilities in masonry construction

10. MASONRY TOOLS
Two Categories of Masonry Tools
1. Roughing up tools
2. Surface Finishing Tools

11. ROUGHING-UP TOOLS
 Tools that are necessary in the in the process of
preparing, arranging, forming, laying, and shaping
of bricks, stones, and mansory blocks. Most of them
are striking tools.

12. EXCAVATING TOOLS
Garden Tiller

13. Mattock

14. Shovel

15. Garden Rake

16. Crow Bar

17. Lawn edger

18. Power auger

19. Hand tamper

20. 1.Manson’s axe or
hammers- also known
as Ax-Hammer used in
two different ways. The
axe used to serve as
chisel and the hammer
for driving nails and
other rough work in
masonry.

21. 2. Brick Hammer- a
combination hammer
used for dressing and
cutting bricks, stones or
concrete blocks
including other driving
operations.

22. 3.Patent Hammer- is a
hammer wherein the
head is composed of
group of thin chisels
used for dressing stones
or concrete.

23. 4. Crandall- is a tool
with sharp pointed
steel pikes used for
dressing concrete.

24. 5.Cross Peen
Hammer- is a
cross head
hammer where
one is shaped like
a wedge used for
various striking
need in masonry
work.

25. 6.Star Drill- used for boring or drilling holes
on hand surfaces such as rock, stone or
concrete.

26. 7.Cold Chisel- a
common tool for
carpentry and
masonry work used
for dressing or
cutting stone,
concrete, metal and
other materials with
the aid of a
hammer.

27. 8.Bolster-is a tool
similar in appearance
with the cold chisel
including its services
but has a wide blade
edge. It is also known
as blocking chisel.

28. 9. Wrecking Bar- a
vey useful tool
made of steel bar
used in demolition
work and in
pulling off large
nails.

29. CUTTING TOOLS
Reciprocating saw

30. Cordless drill

31. Angle grinder

32. Jig Saw

33. Tile Cutter

34. Brick Splitter

35. Circular Saw

36. Bricklayers Hammer

37. Brick Chisel

38. Cold Chisel

39. Mini Sledge

40. Finishing Tools
Grout Bag

41. Bull Float

42. Wood Float

43. Jointer or Grover

44. Striking Tool

45. Rubber Mallet

46. Edger

47. Magnesium Float

48. TYPES OF FINISHING TOOLS
1. Floats – are first tools with handle at the back
actually mode of word.

49. a) Common Float –
used for smoothing
or for producing
textured surfaces
on cement plaster.

50. b. Bull Float –
used to smooth
freshly placed
surface.

51. C. Devil or Nail
Float- a tool used
to roughen surface
of plaster to
provide a key for
the next coat.

52. d. Angle Float – is
used for finishing
corners and for
other plastering
work

53. 2.Trowels- are flat
hand tools used for
applying ,spreading
and shaping plaster or
mortar to produce a
relatively smooth
finish on concrete
surface in the final
stages of plastering.

54. a)Ordinary trowel- is
similar in appearance
as the ordinary float
but with a steel blade.

55. b)Pointing
Trowel- a kind
of trowel

56. c) Brick trowel- is a
towel with an offset
blade used to pick-
up or spread
mortar.

57. d) Buttering
Trowel- a small
trowel used to
spread mortar on
bricks and tiles
before it is laid.

58. e) Edger- a
finishing trowel
used on the edges
of the fresh
concrete or plaster
to form a rounded
corner.

59. f) Margin trowel- a
trowel where its sides
has a box-like
appearance especially
especially used for
working corners
angles.

60. MIXING TOOLS
Cement Mixer
Wheelbarrow
Mason’s Hoe

61. LAYING OUT TOOLS
• Framing Square
• Batter boards
• 4’ level
• Stakes
• Chalk line
• Plumb bob
• Mason’s block and string
• Line level
• Mason’s line
• Tape measure

62. MISCELLANEOUS TOOLS
1.) Spade - is a basic construction
tool used in many of the dirty work
of concrete mixing and plastering.
2.) G.I. Pail - In the absence of chute or a buggy or wheelbarrow could not serve in delivering
the concrete mix, pail is the ultimate solution.
3.) Mixing Board - Not all concrete mixture requires
concrete mixer to do the mixing. For instance,
mixing mortar for block laying, plastering and other
small mixing operations which could be done by
hand are mixed on mixing board which is most
practical to expedite the work. A mason doing the
plastering work needs a small mixing board for
plaster mix manipulations and readily accessible to
the work.

63. 4. Rubber or Plastic Foam - is a very useful tool used by mason to obtain a fine textured concrete
plaster. This is also used in various tile work operations.
5. Painter's Brush - is similar in function as that of the rubber foam.

64. 6. Plastic or Nylon String
- is used for guiding, marking vertical and horizontal lines particularly in brick, concrete block
and tile laying.
7. Aligning stick
- Various names could be attributed to this instrument with straight edge used to check the
plaster alignment to produce flat level and straight surface.

65. TILING TOOLS
1. Grout float 3. Heavy duty drill
4. Margin trowel
5. Notched trowel
6. Tile nipper

66. TILING TOOLS
7. Tile sponge 8. Mixing paddle

67. 3.Course Rubble - it is made with roughly
square bocks leveled up to 30-45 cm thick
courses
4. Bricks - manufactured from clay and other
materials processed into a workable
Consistency molded to standard sizes and fired in a
kiln to make them strong, durable and attractive.

68. 5. Concrete Hollow Block - is the widely used
masonry materials for all types of construction Walls
, partitions, dividers, fences, etc. It is a building
module resembling large bricks that are molded
form sand and cement

69. BRICKS
Types of bricks
Molded Paver Engineer
Standard Half paver Norwegian

70. Norman
Tumbled or used

71. BRICKS PATTERN
Basket weave Running bond
Edge

72. BRICKS LAYING
- In building a straight wall , bricks
are laid in horizontal layers . It is
installed to a like using a string or
chord as a guide. The vertical
position is guided by a plumb bob
line.
The mother is placed between bricks to a thickness of 0.3 to 1.3 cm. depending upon the design .when a
brick is laid , it is pressed slightly down into a generous mortar bed and shoved into final position to insure
that .
• The mortar is forced into the spaces between the bricks.
• The horizontal and vertical joints are filed with mortar.
• The wall is watertight.
Bond - is the term used reefing to the arrangements of the bricks.
Stretcher - when the brick is laid where it's longer side is exposed to view.
Header - is a term applied when brick is laid with it's end exposed.

73. DESTIMATING REQUIRED CHB
To estimate how many standard 7×16 inch blocks you'll need , figure that 100
square feet of wall will require roughly 113 blocks
• multiply the length of the wall in feet by 0.75 to get the number of blocks in
each courses
• multiply the height of the wall in feet by 1.5 to get the number of courses.
• multiply the tow results together to get the total number of blocks
• subtract the number of corner or end blocks you'll need And ordered 10
percent more to allow for cutting and breakage.
CHB SIZE. NO OF PCS
4"×8" ×16". 55 to 60 PCs
6"×8"×16". 30 to 32 PCs
8"×8"×16". 25 to 30 PCs

74. Impervious-Tiles whose completely resist the
absorption of liquids generally used in wet
area as well as hospital, restaurant and similar
locations.
Non Vitreous- A low-density tile whose
pores absorb liquids readily . Generally use
indoors in dry location.

75. Saltillo tile -A soft handmade tile dried in
the sun instead of fired in a kiln .
Semi vitreous tile - tile of moderate density that is partially porous
Terra-cotta - A low density time made
of unrefined natural clay and fired to
low temperatures .

76. Vitreous tiles - An extremely dense ceramic tiles with a high resistance to water
absorption. Used indoors or outdoors in wet or dry locations .
Stone tiles - are natural stone materials
cut into uniform tiles , it includes
marbles , granite, limestone, slate
quartzite and shell stones (granite with
embedded fossilized shells .