This lecture presentation recognizes the difference between IS and IT, reflection on its role in different disciplines and anticipate careers in IT or IS fields.
This lecture presentation recognizes the difference between IS and IT, reflection on its role in different disciplines and anticipate careers in IT or IS fields.
http://assignment-partner.com/ .That's a sample paper - essay / paper on the topic "Information system infrastructure" created by our writers!
Disclaimer: The paper above have been completed for actual clients. We have acclaimed personal permission from the customers to post it.
Importance of Information Technology - MIT School of Distance Education MIT School
Information Technology is playing a key role in lightening up the workload of managers and in boosting the organisation’s competence level. Operations of any company are dependent on its IT systems. That is why companies seek for IT managers who can ensure regular upkeep of IT systems and troubleshoot. Thus, the scope for IT managers is vast and they are paid well. In such a scenario, aspirants can pursue PGDM in IT Management from MIT School of Distance Education and enhance their employability. So, if you want to hone your managerial skills and master IT management, then enroll for admissions at MITSDE.
To know more information you can visit here: http://blog.mitsde.com/importance-of-information-technology
Understand issues related to use of information systemRajesh Khadka
Legal issues: relevant data protection legislation eg Data Protection Act 1998, Freedom of Information Act
2000; other relevant legislation eg Computer Misuse Act 1990
Ethical issues: codes of practice eg on use of email, internet; ‘whistleblowing’; organisational policies;
information ownership
Operational issues: security of information; backups; health and safety; organisational policies; business
continuance plans; costs eg additional resources required, cost of development; impact of increasing
sophistication of systems eg more trained personnel, more complex software
A management information system (MIS) is a computerized database of financial information organized and programmed in such a way that it produces regular reports on operations for every level of management in a company. It is usually also possible to obtain special reports from the system easily. The main purpose of the MIS is to give managers feedback about their own performance; top management can monitor the company as a whole. Information displayed by the MIS typically shows "actual" data over against "planned" results and results from a year before; thus it measures progress against goals. The MIS receives data from company units and functions. Some of the data are collected automatically from computer-linked check-out counters; others are keyed in at periodic intervals. Routine reports are preprogrammed and run at intervals or on demand while others are obtained using built-in query languages; display functions built into the system are used by managers to check on status at desk-side computers connected to the MIS by networks. Many sophisticated systems also monitor and display the performance of the company's stock.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM, MIS, CASE REPORT, ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) IN INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS), IT VS IS, CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS) SUCCESS AND FAILURE, LIBCORPIO786, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND LEARNING,
http://assignment-partner.com/ .That's a sample paper - essay / paper on the topic "Information system infrastructure" created by our writers!
Disclaimer: The paper above have been completed for actual clients. We have acclaimed personal permission from the customers to post it.
Importance of Information Technology - MIT School of Distance Education MIT School
Information Technology is playing a key role in lightening up the workload of managers and in boosting the organisation’s competence level. Operations of any company are dependent on its IT systems. That is why companies seek for IT managers who can ensure regular upkeep of IT systems and troubleshoot. Thus, the scope for IT managers is vast and they are paid well. In such a scenario, aspirants can pursue PGDM in IT Management from MIT School of Distance Education and enhance their employability. So, if you want to hone your managerial skills and master IT management, then enroll for admissions at MITSDE.
To know more information you can visit here: http://blog.mitsde.com/importance-of-information-technology
Understand issues related to use of information systemRajesh Khadka
Legal issues: relevant data protection legislation eg Data Protection Act 1998, Freedom of Information Act
2000; other relevant legislation eg Computer Misuse Act 1990
Ethical issues: codes of practice eg on use of email, internet; ‘whistleblowing’; organisational policies;
information ownership
Operational issues: security of information; backups; health and safety; organisational policies; business
continuance plans; costs eg additional resources required, cost of development; impact of increasing
sophistication of systems eg more trained personnel, more complex software
A management information system (MIS) is a computerized database of financial information organized and programmed in such a way that it produces regular reports on operations for every level of management in a company. It is usually also possible to obtain special reports from the system easily. The main purpose of the MIS is to give managers feedback about their own performance; top management can monitor the company as a whole. Information displayed by the MIS typically shows "actual" data over against "planned" results and results from a year before; thus it measures progress against goals. The MIS receives data from company units and functions. Some of the data are collected automatically from computer-linked check-out counters; others are keyed in at periodic intervals. Routine reports are preprogrammed and run at intervals or on demand while others are obtained using built-in query languages; display functions built into the system are used by managers to check on status at desk-side computers connected to the MIS by networks. Many sophisticated systems also monitor and display the performance of the company's stock.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM, MIS, CASE REPORT, ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) IN INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS), IT VS IS, CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS) SUCCESS AND FAILURE, LIBCORPIO786, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND LEARNING,
Assignment 1TextbookInformation Systems for Business and Beyond.docxsherni1
Assignment 1
Textbook:Information Systems for Business and Beyond
Please answer the following
From Chapter 1 – Answer Study questions 1-5 and Exercise 3
From Chapter 2 – Answer Study questions 1-10 and Exercise 2 (should be a Power point presentation)
All the above questions should be submitted in one Word document, except for the PowerPoint presentation (Chapter 2 - Exercise 2).
Please understand that Plagiarism will not be tolerated and will result in a zero grade.
Submission Requirements
Font: Times New Roman, size 12, double-space
Citation Style: APA
References: Please use citations and references where appropriate
No Plagiarism
Chapter 1: What Is an
Information System?
Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of this chapter, you will be
able to:
• define what an information system is by identifying
its major components;
• describe the basic history of information systems;
and
• describe the basic argument behind the article
“Does IT Matter?” by Nicholas Carr.
Introduction
Welcome to the world of information systems, a world that seems to
change almost daily. Over the past few decades information systems
have progressed to being virtually everywhere, even to the point
where you may not realize its existence in many of your daily
activities. Stop and consider how you interface with various
components in information systems every day through different
Chapter 1: What Is an Information
System? | 9
electronic devices. Smartphones, laptop, and personal computers
connect us constantly to a variety of systems including messaging,
banking, online retailing, and academic resources, just to name a
few examples. Information systems are at the center of virtually
every organization, providing users with almost unlimited
resources.
Have you ever considered why businesses invest in technology?
Some purchase computer hardware and software because everyone
else has computers. Some even invest in the same hardware and
software as their business friends even though different technology
might be more appropriate for them. Finally, some businesses do
sufficient research before deciding what best fits their needs. As
you read through this book be sure to evaluate the contents of each
chapter based on how you might someday apply what you have
learned to strengthen the position of the business you work for, or
maybe even your own business. Wise decisions can result in stability
and growth for your future enterprise.
Information systems surround you almost every day. Wi-fi
networks on your university campus, database search services in
the learning resource center, and printers in computer labs are
good examples. Every time you go shopping you are interacting
with an information system that manages inventory and sales. Even
driving to school or work results in an interaction with the
transportation information system, impacting traffic lights,
cameras, etc. V ...
Assignment 1TextbookInformation Systems for Business and Beyond.docxdeanmtaylor1545
Assignment 1
Textbook:Information Systems for Business and Beyond
Please answer the following
From Chapter 1 – Answer Study questions 1-5 and Exercise 3
From Chapter 2 – Answer Study questions 1-10 and Exercise 2 (should be a Power point presentation)
All the above questions should be submitted in one Word document, except for the PowerPoint presentation (Chapter 2 - Exercise 2).
Please understand that Plagiarism will not be tolerated and will result in a zero grade.
Submission Requirements
Font: Times New Roman, size 12, double-space
Citation Style: APA
References: Please use citations and references where appropriate
No Plagiarism
Chapter 1: What Is an
Information System?
Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of this chapter, you will be
able to:
• define what an information system is by identifying
its major components;
• describe the basic history of information systems;
and
• describe the basic argument behind the article
“Does IT Matter?” by Nicholas Carr.
Introduction
Welcome to the world of information systems, a world that seems to
change almost daily. Over the past few decades information systems
have progressed to being virtually everywhere, even to the point
where you may not realize its existence in many of your daily
activities. Stop and consider how you interface with various
components in information systems every day through different
Chapter 1: What Is an Information
System? | 9
electronic devices. Smartphones, laptop, and personal computers
connect us constantly to a variety of systems including messaging,
banking, online retailing, and academic resources, just to name a
few examples. Information systems are at the center of virtually
every organization, providing users with almost unlimited
resources.
Have you ever considered why businesses invest in technology?
Some purchase computer hardware and software because everyone
else has computers. Some even invest in the same hardware and
software as their business friends even though different technology
might be more appropriate for them. Finally, some businesses do
sufficient research before deciding what best fits their needs. As
you read through this book be sure to evaluate the contents of each
chapter based on how you might someday apply what you have
learned to strengthen the position of the business you work for, or
maybe even your own business. Wise decisions can result in stability
and growth for your future enterprise.
Information systems surround you almost every day. Wi-fi
networks on your university campus, database search services in
the learning resource center, and printers in computer labs are
good examples. Every time you go shopping you are interacting
with an information system that manages inventory and sales. Even
driving to school or work results in an interaction with the
transportation information system, impacting traffic lights,
cameras, etc. V.
Introduction
In the ever-evolving landscape of technology. Computer Information Systems (CIS) stand as the backbone of our interconnected world. From powering daily tasks to steering the wheels of innovation. CIS play a pivotal role in shaping the digital era. This article delves into the intricacies of Computer Information Systems, exploring their components, functions. and the profound impact they have on our lives.
Understanding Computer Information Systems
Computer Information Systems, often referred to as CIS. encompass a broad spectrum of technologies, processes. and people working together to manage and use information. At its core. CIS merge computer science and business to streamline data processing, enhance decision-making. and ease efficient communication within and between organizations.
Components of Computer Information Systems
1. Hardware:
The physical components of a computer system, including processors, memory, storage devices. and networking equipment, form the hardware foundation of CIS. These components work in harmony to execute tasks and process information.
2. Software:
The software aspect of CIS comprises operating systems, application software. and various programming languages. Operating systems act as intermediaries between hardware and software, ensuring seamless interaction. Meanwhile, application software caters to specific tasks. ranging from word processing to complex data analytics.
3. Data:
Data is the lifeblood of CIS. It includes raw facts, figures, and information that processed and transformed into meaningful insights. Data management systems, databases, and data analytics tools are integral components that ensure the efficient handling of information.
4. Procedures:
Standardized processes and procedures guide the functioning of CIS. These include protocols for data entry, security measures, and system operation. Well-defined procedures contribute to the reliability and consistency of information processing.
5. People:
Human resources are a critical component of CIS. Skilled professionals, ranging from system analysts to network administrators, contribute their expertise to design, install, and maintain information systems. User training and support are also vital to ensure the effective use of CIS.
Functions of Computer Information Systems
1. Data Processing and Storage:
CIS excel in processing vast amounts of data . Whether it's storing information in databases or retrieving data for analysis. these systems play a crucial role in managing the data lifecycle.
2. Communication and Collaboration:
In a world connected by digital threads. CIS enable seamless communication and collaboration. Email systems, video conferencing tools, and collaborative platforms help efficient information exchange within and between organizations.
3. Decision Support:
CIS provide decision-makers with the tools and information needed to make informed choices. Advanced analytics, data visualization, and business in
Autonomic Computing: Vision or RealityIvo Neskovic
Autonomic computing is a new computing paradigm which combines multiple disciplines of computer science with the sole aim of developing self-managing computer systems. Dating from early 2001, it is one of the most recent paradigm shifts, and as such it is still in a research-only phase, however, attracting a lot of business investors in the process.
The following survey presents in a clear and appropriately detailed manner the problem of computer science which autonomic computing tries to solve, the details of the proposed solution, together with the some of the immediate and long-term benefits it will provide. Moreover, the survey outlines the basic principles which define a system as an autonomic one, and presents a novel method of designing autonomic systems. Closing the survey are two sections which briefly outline the most prominent research projects on autonomic computing, together with a distiled summary of the major challenges which will be faced by businesses in the process of adopting autonomic systems.
A Dynamic Intelligent Policies Analysis Mechanism for Personal Data Processin...Konstantinos Demertzis
The evolution of the Internet of Things is significantly a
ected by legal restrictions imposed for personal data handling, such as the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
The main purpose of this regulation is to provide people in the digital age greater control over their personal data, with their freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous consent to collect and process the data concerning them. ADVOCATE is an advanced framework that fully complies with the requirements of GDPR, which, with the extensive use of blockchain and artificial intelligence technologies, aims to provide an environment that will support users in maintaining control of their personal data in the IoT ecosystem. This paper proposes and presents the Intelligent Policies Analysis Mechanism (IPAM) of the ADVOCATE framework, which, in an intelligent and fully automated manner, can identify conflicting rules or consents of the user, which may lead to the collection of personal data that can be used for profiling. In order to clearly identify and implement IPAM, the problem of recording user data from smart entertainment devices using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) was simulated. FCMs are an intelligent decision-making system that simulates the processes of a complex system, modeling the correlation base, knowing the behavioral and balance specialists of the system. Respectively, identifying conflicting rules that can lead to a profile, training is done using Extreme Learning Machines (ELMs), which are highly ecient neural systems of small and flexible architecture that can work optimally in complex environments.
This Paper is Submitted to Fulfill The English 2 Task Study Program Software Engineering 4th Semester Buddhi Dharma University. Tangerang. Lecturer: Dra. Harisa Mardiana, M.Pd.
Sources of Funds, Venture Capital System, Designing a Funding Strategy, What investors look in a pitch funding, Current funding options available in GLobal Market
Core Concept of Marketing, Nature and Scope of Marketing, Importance, Selling Vs Marketing, Marketing Concepts, Segmentation, Basis of Segmentation, Targeting, Strategies of Targeting, Positioning, Strategieis of Positioning, Consumer Markets and Buying Behaviour, Consumer Behaviour, Buying Decision Behaviour
Entreprenuership Development Plan, Institutional Support System, National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development, STEPs stands for Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park, National Alliance for Young Entrepreneurs (NAYE), Technical Consultancy Organizations (TCOs), National Small Industries Corporation, Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI), IFCI (Industrial Finance Corporation of India), ICICI (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) , RUDSETI (Rural Development and Self Employment Training Institute), Rural Development and Human Development Training Programs, Technology Transfer Programs
Planning and organizing Entrepreneurial VentureArnav Chowdhury
Define Process of planning
entrepreneurial venture, How to Organize business research
tool and techniques, Define Life cycle of venture, Define Problem solving approaches,What are the ways of financing new venture
Introduction to entrepreneurship: What are Entrepreneurship Traits, Define Entrepreneur decision making process
What is the Role of entrepreneurship in economy
Analyze Concept of start up and forms of ownership
Role of Women entrepreneur and challenges
Cyber Safety Mechanism: Introduction, brief Introduction about Policies involved in cyber safety mechanism and purpose of implementing cyber security model
Information Technology Law (Cyber Law): Evolution of the IT Act 2000 and Its amendments: Genesis and Necessity, advantages.
Antivirus Techniques: Firewalls, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Intrusion Prevention System (IPS).
Brief Introduction about Anti-Phishing Approach (Common Strategies Used For Secured Authentication): Authentication using passwords like One Time Password (OTP) generators, Two Factor Authentications, Secure Socket Layer (SSL), Secure Electronic Transaction (SET), Cryptography.
Information Technology and Modern Gadgets: Introduction, Utilization of Various Gadgets, Advantages of modern gadgets, Disadvantages of modern gadgets, Top 10 gadgets in India with small description.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3
Unit iii FMIS
1. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
UNIT III
Introduction to Information Systems: Definition, Concepts and Recognition of Information Systems
Information Systems and Society, Information Systems and Organization
Constraints and Limitations of Information System.
2. INFORMATION SYSTEM
1. Information systems capture data from the organization (internal data) and its environment (external
data).
2. They store the database items over an extensive period of time.
3. When specific information is needed, the appropriate data items are manipulated as necessary, and
the user receives the resulting information.
4. Depending on the type of information system, the information output may take the form a query
response, decision outcome, expert-system advice, transaction document, or a report.
3. INFORMATION SYSTEM
Quality information needs to possess several attributes. Notably, it has to be:
1. Timely Available when needed and not outdated when made available
2. Complete Includes all the user needs to know about the situation where the information will be used
3. Concise Does not include elements unneeded by the user
4. Relevant Has direct bearing on the situation
5. Precise Offers quantitative information with a degree of exactness appropriate to the underlying data
6. Form The level of detail, tabular versus graphic display, and quantitative versus qualitative form are
selected in accordance with the situation Internal and External Information
4. INFORMATION SYSTEM
Quality information needs to possess several attributes. Notably, it has to be:
1. Timely Available when needed and not outdated when made available
2. Complete Includes all the user needs to know about the situation where the information will be used
3. Concise Does not include elements unneeded by the user
4. Relevant Has direct bearing on the situation
5. Precise Offers quantitative information with a degree of exactness appropriate to the underlying data
6. Form The level of detail, tabular versus graphic display, and quantitative versus qualitative form are
selected in accordance with the situation Internal and External Information
5. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information systems consist of the following general components:
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Databases
4. Human resources
5. Procedures
6. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Hardware
Multiple computer systems: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, together with their peripherals.
Computer system components are: a central processor(s), memory hierarchy, input and output devices.
Computer processor: The central processor carries out the instructions of a program, translated into a
simple form.
Memories: Included in a computer system form a hierarchy. They range from the fast electronic units, such
as the main memory, to the slower secondary storage devices such as magnetic disks.
Moore's Law The increases in the number of transistors on chips correspond to the increase in the
microprocessor speed and memory capacity, and thus the growth of the processing power.
Downsizing In information systems, transferring some or all of the organization;s computing from
centralized processing on mainframes or minicomputers to systems built around networked
microcomputers (often in a client/server configuration).
7. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Software
Computer software falls into two classes: systems software and applications software.
Systems Software: Manage the resources of the computer system and simplifies programming. An
operating system is the principal system software. It manages all the resources of a computer system and
provides an interface through which the system's user can deploy these resources.
Application Software: Are programs that directly assist end users in doing their work. They are purchased as
ready-to-use packages. Applications software directly assists end users in doing their work.
8. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Databases
Databases are organized collections of interrelated data used by applications software. Databases are
managed by systems software known as database management systems (DBMS) and shared by multiple
applications
9. INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR MANAGEMENT SUPPORT:
The objectives of the three levels of corporate management are:
1. Operations Management: performed by supervisors of smaller work units concerned with planning
and control of short-term (typically, a week or six months) budgets and schedules.
2. Tactical Management: performed by middle managers responsible for acquisition and allocation of
resources for projects according to tactical plans, set out for one or two years.
3. Strategic Management: Carried out by top corporate executives and corporate boards responsible
for setting and monitoring long-term directions for the firm for three or more years into the future.
11. IMPACTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Organizational impacts of information systems
These systems provide support for business operations; for individual and group decision making; for new
product development; for relationships with customers, suppliers, and partners; for pursuit of competitive
advantage; and, in some cases, for the business model itself (e.g., Google).
Information systems bring new options to the way companies interact and compete, the way organizations are
structured, and the way workplaces are designed. In general, use of Web-based information systems can
significantly lower the costs of communication among workers and firms and cost-effectively enhance the
coordination of supply chains or webs.
The use of information systems has enabled new organizational structures. In particular, so-called virtual
organizations have emerged that do not rely on physical offices and standard organizational charts. Two notable
forms of virtual organizations are the network organization and the cluster organization.
12. IMPACTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information systems in the economy and society
The development of the Web-based ecosystem, accompanied by the low cost of hardware and
telecommunications and the availability of open-source software, has led to a flowering of entrepreneurial activity
and the emergence to prominence and significant market value of numerous firms based on new business
models. Among the examples are electronic auction firms, search-engine firms, social network platforms, and
online game companies.
As the use of information systems has become pervasive in advanced economies and societies at large, several
societal and ethical issues have moved into the forefront. The most important are issues of individual privacy,
property rights, universal access and free speech, information accuracy, and quality of life.
Intellectual property, such as software, books, music, and movies, is protected, albeit imperfectly, by patents, trade
secrets, and copyrights. However, such intangible goods can be easily copied and transmitted electronically over
the Web for unlawful reproduction and use. Combinations of legal statutes and technological safeguards,
including antipiracy encryption and electronic watermarks, are in place, but much of the abuse prevention relies
on the ethics of the user.
Consumers can use the Web for shopping, networking, and entertainment—but at the risk of contending with
spam (unsolicited e-mail), interception of credit card numbers, and attack by computer viruses.
13. IMPACTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Social Impact of Information Systems
This affects our society in two ways: On an individual basis it means that any person in possession of some kind of
a computer has the capacity to store every document they will ever need in a single compact machine. This
connotes that computer allows people to set up businesses and work from home on a scale never seen before,
not to mention taking the human progress a step beyond that of the printing press by removing the need forhand
writing for the first time in our history.
. Another effect of information systems is the rise in computer games. This has caused serious worries over how
they affect those who use them, and especially their effects on youth. The debate still rages over whether the large
number of violent computer games available influences those who play to imitate such behavior, with a host of
scientific research being done on the issue. Yet almost worrying are the statistics which seem to be highly
addictive to the quality of such games - most notably internet based ones. In contrast many have begun to see
the potential computers held as a means of education, since, unlike other traditional forms of teaching tools,
computer game based learning has a propensity to entertain the student. Businesses and organizations are
already using computers as educational devices and technology development tools, especially in the field of
virtual reality games and more would still follow. Whatever one's feelings on the growth of these video games, in
both recreational and educational formats they are becoming ever more of a reality, for instance the United States
military uses one of such game as a recruitment device.
14. IMPACTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
. Another interesting and undeniable effect is the use of internet in the societies worldwide; in fact, it
could be said to connect and eliminate differences between geographically and culturally separated
societies.
The technology field has been overtaken with other types of behavior that can affect anyone who uses
technology such as computer crime. Computer crime is another prevalent social impact of information
system in our society.
15. LIMITATIONS TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Loss of the human element: information systems cannot present all kinds of information accurately.
Thick information, which is rich in meaning and not quantifiable, is best suited to human analysis.
Example: employee evaluations need face-to-face communication to convey all information.
Difficult installations: Information systems can be hard to develop. To avoid problems:
list major organization goals.
build support for the system with workers.
create formal training programs.
emphasize that face-to-face contact is important.
16. TYPES OF CONSTRAINTS
Equipment: The way equipment is currently used limits the ability of the system to produce more
salable goods/services.
People: Lack of skilled people limits the system. Mental models held by people can cause behavior that
becomes a constraint.
Policy: A written or unwritten policy prevents the system from making more.
17. TYPES OF CONSTRAINTS
The major constraints of a new Information System (IS) project development are Scope, Time and
Budget (Cost). These constraints are also known as project management triangle.
18. PROJECT SCOPE
Project scope is the work that needs to be accomplished with the specified features and functions in a
project. We can also say that the project scope is the goals that need to be fulfilled in order to complete
a project. Without proper project scope, the development team can go out of the track and produce the
final deliverable that is not intended by their clients. This will result in loss of time, resource to the
company whom develops the application. On the other hand, the cost will increase since they have to
recode the developed system to suit the client’s needs
19. TIME
Time is a period measurement that is used in project scheduling to estimate the project duration. The
time here can be either in days, weeks, months or years depending on the complexity and size of the
project. The project duration should be carefully planned and enough time should be provided for each
stages. Without allocating proper time amount the system produced may not be at an optimum quality.
This is because the development team might need to rush to finish the project within the time frame
which results in poorly designed and coded system which is prone to error and bugs.
20. BUDGET (COST)
Budget (Cost) provides a forecast of revenues and expenditures in the project. By evaluating budget, the
profit and loss can also be estimated. This will help to decide whether to undertake the project or not.
The budget estimation is a difficult task since it involves analysing skills and numerical values. Without
proper budget plan, the development can exceed or over spend which will lead into higher production
cost and lower profit margin.
21. THE MANAGEMENT LEVELS AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
1. Top level / Administrative level
2. Middle level / Executory
3. Low level / Supervisory / Operative / First-line managers
22. THE MANAGEMENT LEVELS AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
1. Top Level of Management
It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. The top management is the ultimate
source of authority and it manages goals and policies for an enterprise. It devotes more time on planning
and coordinating functions. The role of the top management can be summarized as follows -
a. Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise.
b. It issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules etc.
c. It prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise.
d. It appoints the executive for middle level i.e. departmental managers.
e. It controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments.
f. It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world.
g. It provides guidance and direction.
h. The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the performance of the
enterprise.
23. THE MANAGEMENT LEVELS AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
2. Middle Level of Management
The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level. They are responsible to the top
management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional
functions. In small organization, there is only one layer of middle level of management but in big enterprises,
there may be senior and junior middle level management. Their role can be emphasized as -
a. They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top
management.
b. They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.
c. They participate in employment & training of lower level management.
d. They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.
e. They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or department.
f. It also sends important reports and other important data to top level management.
g. They evaluate performance of junior managers.
h. They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance.
24. THE MANAGEMENT LEVELS AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
3. Lower Level of Management
Lower level is also known as supervisory / operative level of management. It consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent etc.
According to R.C. Davis, “Supervisory management refers to those executives whose work has to be largely with personal oversight and direction of
operative employees”. In other words, they are concerned with direction and controlling function of management. Their activities include -
a. Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.
b. They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities.
c. They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production.
d. They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the organization.
e. They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and recommendatory appeals etc to the higher level and higher level goals and objectives
to the workers.
f. They help to solve the grievances of the workers.
g. They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates.
h. They are responsible for providing training to the workers.
i. They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the things done.
j. They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers.
k. They ensure discipline in the enterprise.
l. They motivate workers.
m. They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are in direct contact with the workers.