This document discusses India's 12 Five Year Plans from 1951 to 2017. It outlines the key focuses and achievements of each plan, including agricultural development in the first plan, industrial development in the second, and increasing self-sufficiency in the third. Later plans emphasized reducing poverty, increasing employment, boosting the economy through reforms like liberalization, and ensuring inclusive growth. While planning helped increase incomes, infrastructure, and social development, it did not fully alleviate poverty or reduce inequalities as intended. Overall, Five Year Plans played an important role in shaping India's post-independence development policies and programs.
The document summarizes India's five year plans from 1951-2012. The key points are:
1) The first five year plan (1951-1956) aimed to improve living standards and increase the national income by 3.6% annually. Major projects like dams and industrial development were undertaken.
2) Subsequent plans focused on increasing agricultural production, becoming self-sufficient in food grains, promoting public and private industry, and improving infrastructure, health, education and social welfare.
3) Later plans emphasized reducing poverty, inequality, and generating employment while balancing economic growth, equity and environmental sustainability.
4) The plans showed progress but also weaknesses in unemployment, malnutrition, and access to resources in some areas
The Five Year Plans are described by the PowerPoint Presentation with the details. It includes plan holidays, there sole reasons and some of the core objectives of planning also explained in the PowerPoint.
The document provides an overview of India's economic planning and development since independence in 1947. It summarizes the objectives and achievements of each five-year plan from the first plan in 1951 to the eleventh plan ending in 2012. The key highlights are the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950, a focus on industrialization and poverty reduction, the Green Revolution, and increasing GDP growth rates over time with the most recent plans aiming for 8-10% growth. Challenges faced along the way included famines, the India-Pakistan wars, and periods of political instability.
- India began implementing Five-Year Plans in 1951 under the influence of Nehru to promote centralized economic development and self-sufficiency. The early plans focused on developing infrastructure and primary industries while later plans emphasized agriculture, poverty alleviation, and increasing growth rates. Annual plans were introduced in 1990-1992 during a period of economic crisis before the Eighth Plan accelerated economic reforms and liberalization. Debate continues over whether Five-Year Plans are still relevant given India's federal structure and changing economic needs.
The document outlines India's 14 Five Year Plans from 1951 to 2022. It discusses the objectives and key achievements of each plan. The plans aimed to develop India's economy through industrialization, agriculture, education and poverty reduction. Major achievements included establishing steel mills, power plants, banks, roads, increasing food grain and energy production. The plans were overseen and implemented by the Planning Commission of India.
Objectives of Five year plans in India,Five year plans,India,Development in India,Planning,Economic planning,Industries,India,Planning commission of India
The document discusses India's various five-year plans for economic development since the first plan in 1951. It provides details on the key goals and focus areas of each successive plan, including improving agriculture, boosting industry, developing infrastructure, education, health, poverty alleviation, and other social indicators. The planning commission was established in 1950 to oversee and execute these plans aimed at modernizing and strengthening the Indian economy.
India adopted 5-year plans from the Soviet Union to achieve rapid industrialization and development. The plans aimed to raise living standards, increase employment and incomes, achieve self-reliance, and reduce inequality. Each plan set targets for economic growth, infrastructure development, education, health, poverty reduction, and other social and economic objectives. While targets were sometimes missed, the plans helped mobilize resources and modernize the economy.
The document summarizes India's five year plans from 1951-2012. The key points are:
1) The first five year plan (1951-1956) aimed to improve living standards and increase the national income by 3.6% annually. Major projects like dams and industrial development were undertaken.
2) Subsequent plans focused on increasing agricultural production, becoming self-sufficient in food grains, promoting public and private industry, and improving infrastructure, health, education and social welfare.
3) Later plans emphasized reducing poverty, inequality, and generating employment while balancing economic growth, equity and environmental sustainability.
4) The plans showed progress but also weaknesses in unemployment, malnutrition, and access to resources in some areas
The Five Year Plans are described by the PowerPoint Presentation with the details. It includes plan holidays, there sole reasons and some of the core objectives of planning also explained in the PowerPoint.
The document provides an overview of India's economic planning and development since independence in 1947. It summarizes the objectives and achievements of each five-year plan from the first plan in 1951 to the eleventh plan ending in 2012. The key highlights are the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950, a focus on industrialization and poverty reduction, the Green Revolution, and increasing GDP growth rates over time with the most recent plans aiming for 8-10% growth. Challenges faced along the way included famines, the India-Pakistan wars, and periods of political instability.
- India began implementing Five-Year Plans in 1951 under the influence of Nehru to promote centralized economic development and self-sufficiency. The early plans focused on developing infrastructure and primary industries while later plans emphasized agriculture, poverty alleviation, and increasing growth rates. Annual plans were introduced in 1990-1992 during a period of economic crisis before the Eighth Plan accelerated economic reforms and liberalization. Debate continues over whether Five-Year Plans are still relevant given India's federal structure and changing economic needs.
The document outlines India's 14 Five Year Plans from 1951 to 2022. It discusses the objectives and key achievements of each plan. The plans aimed to develop India's economy through industrialization, agriculture, education and poverty reduction. Major achievements included establishing steel mills, power plants, banks, roads, increasing food grain and energy production. The plans were overseen and implemented by the Planning Commission of India.
Objectives of Five year plans in India,Five year plans,India,Development in India,Planning,Economic planning,Industries,India,Planning commission of India
The document discusses India's various five-year plans for economic development since the first plan in 1951. It provides details on the key goals and focus areas of each successive plan, including improving agriculture, boosting industry, developing infrastructure, education, health, poverty alleviation, and other social indicators. The planning commission was established in 1950 to oversee and execute these plans aimed at modernizing and strengthening the Indian economy.
India adopted 5-year plans from the Soviet Union to achieve rapid industrialization and development. The plans aimed to raise living standards, increase employment and incomes, achieve self-reliance, and reduce inequality. Each plan set targets for economic growth, infrastructure development, education, health, poverty reduction, and other social and economic objectives. While targets were sometimes missed, the plans helped mobilize resources and modernize the economy.
The document provides an overview of India's 12 Five Year Plans from 1951-2012. It discusses the objectives, achievements and challenges of each plan. The key points are:
- The First Five Year Plan (1951-1956) aimed to improve living standards and make judicious use of resources with a total outlay of Rs. 2069 Cr. Major dams and industries were started.
- Subsequent plans focused on increasing GDP growth, agricultural production, employment, education and healthcare. Plans also aimed to reduce poverty, regional disparities and reliance on imports.
- The Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) targeted 9% GDP growth and included priorities like agriculture, irrigation, education, health, and
The document outlines the objectives and key aspects of India's 12th Five Year Plan from 2012-2017, which include achieving an average annual GDP growth rate of 8.2%, increasing investment in infrastructure, health, education, and reducing poverty and income inequality. The Plan also aims to boost agriculture, manufacturing, energy, transportation, the environment, and decentralize decision making.
5 yr master plan final and its approachesnilofar saifi
The document discusses India's five year plans and the transition from the Planning Commission to NITI Aayog. It provides details on the objectives and sectors of the 12th five year plan, including targets for economic growth, industry, agriculture, education and skill development, health, and infrastructure. It introduces NITI Aayog as replacing the Planning Commission to foster greater state government involvement in economic policymaking through a bottom-up approach, in order to improve cooperative federalism and center-state relations.
Five Years Action Plan in India By Media Center IMACMedia Center IMAC
Get to know - five year action plan in India. Since 1947, the Indian economy has been premised on the concept of planning. This has been carried through the Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission.
Keep watching & Sharing...
By: www.mediacenterimac.com
The document provides an overview of India's Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961). The key points are:
1) The plan aimed to increase the national income by 25% and provide enough new jobs to absorb the growing labor force. Major areas of focus included agriculture, irrigation, power, rural industries, transportation and social services.
2) The plan outlined programs and targets for district development, industrial expansion, village industries, housing, education and infrastructure like irrigation and power. Housing targets included rural housing, slum clearance and housing for lower-income groups.
3) The total public outlay was Rs. 46.7 billion, a significant increase from the First Five Year Plan. The plan relied on
Economic planning in India began in 1950 to address issues like poverty, low income, population growth, and problems from the country's partition. The Planning Commission oversees five-year plans that aim to boost economic growth, reduce inequality, spur modernization and development, and generate employment. The 11th five-year plan seeks to double per capita income by 2017 through 10% annual GDP growth, raise farm output, cut unemployment, and improve literacy, women's status, the environment, and other social indicators.
An approach to 12th five year plan(2012 17).pptxlknklAnuj Malhotra
The document provides an overview of India's 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017) and its objectives of achieving faster, more sustainable and inclusive growth. It discusses key challenges and priorities for different sectors including agriculture, water, industry, education, health, energy and transport infrastructure. The Planning Commission aims to reduce the average economic growth target to between 8-8.5% from the previous target of 9% due to global economic deterioration. Poverty reduction remains a key goal.
The document provides an overview of India's five-year plans from the first plan in 1951 to the ninth plan ending in 2002. Some key points covered include:
- The first plan focused on improving agriculture and irrigation projects. The second plan emphasized industry and heavy industry.
- Subsequent plans addressed various goals like poverty alleviation, employment, self-reliance, modernization, and increasing productivity in key sectors like agriculture.
- Economic reforms began in the early 1990s during a period of political instability, liberalizing the socialist economy and opening up to international trade. The eighth plan undertaken reforms to correct debt and deficits.
The document provides information on India's economic planning process through five-year plans since 1951. It summarizes the key focus areas and growth targets of each five-year plan from the First Plan to the current Twelfth Plan. Some of the major highlights include the First Plan's focus on developing the primary sector, the Second Plan's emphasis on developing public sector industries, and more recent plans targeting higher GDP growth rates along with more inclusive and sustainable development.
The First Five Year Plan from 1951-1955 had total budget of 206.8 billion INR. Its objectives were to raise living standards and develop agriculture, energy, irrigation, industry, and social services. The plan achieved GDP growth of 3.6% per year, exceeding its target of 2.1%. The Second Five Year Plan from 1956-1961 aimed to increase national income by 25% and make India more industrialized. It achieved the establishment of 5 steel plants, increased coal and railway production, and land reforms. The Third Five Year Plan from 1961-1966 focused on agriculture, employment, equality, and decentralization through organizations like village councils.
The document discusses India's five year plans which were formulated to develop the economy after independence. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to frame, execute and monitor the plans. The early plans focused on development of irrigation, infrastructure, and heavy industry to build a self-reliant economy. Later plans emphasized agriculture, poverty alleviation, rural development and privatization during economic liberalization in the 1990s. The plans aimed to achieve annual GDP growth targets and social development goals.
The document summarizes key details from India's first seven Five Year Plans between 1951-1989. The plans aimed to improve living standards, increase GDP growth, develop infrastructure like roads and railways, and make progress in agriculture, industry and social services. While objectives were largely achieved, challenges included high inflation, drought, and slowing economic progress at times due to global or domestic political issues. The plans laid the foundation for India's economy and self-sufficiency in important areas.
The document summarizes the key aspects of India's Ninth and Tenth Five Year Plans as they relate to health. The Ninth Plan (1997-2002) aimed to tackle communicable and non-communicable diseases, improve health infrastructure and services, and reduce population growth. The Tenth Plan (2002-2007) sought to meet Millennium Development Goals by reducing poverty, gender gaps, and infant/maternal mortality while increasing literacy rates. Both plans focused on improving access, quality and efficiency of health services through strengthening primary care, human resources, and community involvement.
The document provides an overview of India's 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017). It discusses the plan's goals of faster, more sustainable and inclusive growth. It notes that while the economy has grown significantly in recent decades, expectations are now high. The 12th Plan faces challenges like a global economic slowdown and domestic issues. The plan aims to reverse slowing growth and return to 9% GDP growth by investing in infrastructure and addressing policy uncertainties. Key sectors like agriculture and manufacturing are targeted to grow 4% and 10% respectively. The document provides context on past plan performances and targets across broad economic parameters for the 12th Plan.
The document summarizes India's Fifth Five Year Plan from 1974-1979. The plan's objectives were to reduce social, economic, and regional disparities, reduce poverty, achieve agricultural self-sufficiency, reduce unemployment, encourage small industries and self-employment, and control population growth. Key aspects included increasing investment in agriculture, energy, and employment generation. The plan outlined strategies for health, family planning, nutrition, and industrial development, and provided budget allocations across sectors. Challenges included high inflation from rising food and oil prices that impacted the economy.
The document summarizes the key points of India's various Five Year Plans as they relate to animal husbandry development. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to formulate these Five Year Plans to promote economic development, increase production and employment opportunities. Each successive plan outlined goals and initiatives for the agricultural sector including animal husbandry and dairy, poultry, livestock and fisheries development through programs such as establishing veterinary hospitals and breeding centers. The plans achieved varying levels of success in meeting their economic growth targets.
The document discusses India's various Five Year Plans for agriculture and economic development from 1951 to 2017. Some key points:
- India formulated Five Year Plans to develop its economy in a planned manner, with goals set and reviewed every five years. The first plan focused on irrigation, energy, agriculture and more. Subsequent plans targeted higher GDP growth rates.
- The plans aimed to increase agricultural production, boost industries like steel and energy, and develop infrastructure and social services. However, some plans like the third fell short of their growth targets.
- Recent plans have targeted even higher GDP growth, poverty reduction, education improvements, and increasing private investment in infrastructure and renewable energy. However, growth rates have sometimes fallen short
The document summarizes India's economic planning process through its eleven five-year plans from 1951 to 2012. It outlines the key objectives, focus areas, and growth targets and achievements of each five-year plan, highlighting developments in agriculture, industry, infrastructure, education, health, poverty alleviation, and other social and economic goals. Planning is overseen by the Planning Commission to promote growth, self-reliance, and modernization across sectors in a systematic manner.
The document discusses the Indian economy during the planning era. Key points:
- Planning was adopted after independence to accelerate growth and reduce poverty through increasing incomes. The first few decades saw 3.5-4% growth.
- Objectives of planning included expanding employment, modernizing the economy, promoting social justice and reducing inequality, ensuring sustainable growth, and achieving self-reliance.
- Five-Year Plans were the main mechanism for achieving planning objectives through targeted programs and investments. The 12th Plan aimed for faster, sustainable, and more inclusive growth.
The document provides an overview of India's 12 Five Year Plans from 1951-2012. It discusses the objectives, achievements and challenges of each plan. The key points are:
- The First Five Year Plan (1951-1956) aimed to improve living standards and make judicious use of resources with a total outlay of Rs. 2069 Cr. Major dams and industries were started.
- Subsequent plans focused on increasing GDP growth, agricultural production, employment, education and healthcare. Plans also aimed to reduce poverty, regional disparities and reliance on imports.
- The Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) targeted 9% GDP growth and included priorities like agriculture, irrigation, education, health, and
The document outlines the objectives and key aspects of India's 12th Five Year Plan from 2012-2017, which include achieving an average annual GDP growth rate of 8.2%, increasing investment in infrastructure, health, education, and reducing poverty and income inequality. The Plan also aims to boost agriculture, manufacturing, energy, transportation, the environment, and decentralize decision making.
5 yr master plan final and its approachesnilofar saifi
The document discusses India's five year plans and the transition from the Planning Commission to NITI Aayog. It provides details on the objectives and sectors of the 12th five year plan, including targets for economic growth, industry, agriculture, education and skill development, health, and infrastructure. It introduces NITI Aayog as replacing the Planning Commission to foster greater state government involvement in economic policymaking through a bottom-up approach, in order to improve cooperative federalism and center-state relations.
Five Years Action Plan in India By Media Center IMACMedia Center IMAC
Get to know - five year action plan in India. Since 1947, the Indian economy has been premised on the concept of planning. This has been carried through the Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission.
Keep watching & Sharing...
By: www.mediacenterimac.com
The document provides an overview of India's Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961). The key points are:
1) The plan aimed to increase the national income by 25% and provide enough new jobs to absorb the growing labor force. Major areas of focus included agriculture, irrigation, power, rural industries, transportation and social services.
2) The plan outlined programs and targets for district development, industrial expansion, village industries, housing, education and infrastructure like irrigation and power. Housing targets included rural housing, slum clearance and housing for lower-income groups.
3) The total public outlay was Rs. 46.7 billion, a significant increase from the First Five Year Plan. The plan relied on
Economic planning in India began in 1950 to address issues like poverty, low income, population growth, and problems from the country's partition. The Planning Commission oversees five-year plans that aim to boost economic growth, reduce inequality, spur modernization and development, and generate employment. The 11th five-year plan seeks to double per capita income by 2017 through 10% annual GDP growth, raise farm output, cut unemployment, and improve literacy, women's status, the environment, and other social indicators.
An approach to 12th five year plan(2012 17).pptxlknklAnuj Malhotra
The document provides an overview of India's 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017) and its objectives of achieving faster, more sustainable and inclusive growth. It discusses key challenges and priorities for different sectors including agriculture, water, industry, education, health, energy and transport infrastructure. The Planning Commission aims to reduce the average economic growth target to between 8-8.5% from the previous target of 9% due to global economic deterioration. Poverty reduction remains a key goal.
The document provides an overview of India's five-year plans from the first plan in 1951 to the ninth plan ending in 2002. Some key points covered include:
- The first plan focused on improving agriculture and irrigation projects. The second plan emphasized industry and heavy industry.
- Subsequent plans addressed various goals like poverty alleviation, employment, self-reliance, modernization, and increasing productivity in key sectors like agriculture.
- Economic reforms began in the early 1990s during a period of political instability, liberalizing the socialist economy and opening up to international trade. The eighth plan undertaken reforms to correct debt and deficits.
The document provides information on India's economic planning process through five-year plans since 1951. It summarizes the key focus areas and growth targets of each five-year plan from the First Plan to the current Twelfth Plan. Some of the major highlights include the First Plan's focus on developing the primary sector, the Second Plan's emphasis on developing public sector industries, and more recent plans targeting higher GDP growth rates along with more inclusive and sustainable development.
The First Five Year Plan from 1951-1955 had total budget of 206.8 billion INR. Its objectives were to raise living standards and develop agriculture, energy, irrigation, industry, and social services. The plan achieved GDP growth of 3.6% per year, exceeding its target of 2.1%. The Second Five Year Plan from 1956-1961 aimed to increase national income by 25% and make India more industrialized. It achieved the establishment of 5 steel plants, increased coal and railway production, and land reforms. The Third Five Year Plan from 1961-1966 focused on agriculture, employment, equality, and decentralization through organizations like village councils.
The document discusses India's five year plans which were formulated to develop the economy after independence. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to frame, execute and monitor the plans. The early plans focused on development of irrigation, infrastructure, and heavy industry to build a self-reliant economy. Later plans emphasized agriculture, poverty alleviation, rural development and privatization during economic liberalization in the 1990s. The plans aimed to achieve annual GDP growth targets and social development goals.
The document summarizes key details from India's first seven Five Year Plans between 1951-1989. The plans aimed to improve living standards, increase GDP growth, develop infrastructure like roads and railways, and make progress in agriculture, industry and social services. While objectives were largely achieved, challenges included high inflation, drought, and slowing economic progress at times due to global or domestic political issues. The plans laid the foundation for India's economy and self-sufficiency in important areas.
The document summarizes the key aspects of India's Ninth and Tenth Five Year Plans as they relate to health. The Ninth Plan (1997-2002) aimed to tackle communicable and non-communicable diseases, improve health infrastructure and services, and reduce population growth. The Tenth Plan (2002-2007) sought to meet Millennium Development Goals by reducing poverty, gender gaps, and infant/maternal mortality while increasing literacy rates. Both plans focused on improving access, quality and efficiency of health services through strengthening primary care, human resources, and community involvement.
The document provides an overview of India's 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017). It discusses the plan's goals of faster, more sustainable and inclusive growth. It notes that while the economy has grown significantly in recent decades, expectations are now high. The 12th Plan faces challenges like a global economic slowdown and domestic issues. The plan aims to reverse slowing growth and return to 9% GDP growth by investing in infrastructure and addressing policy uncertainties. Key sectors like agriculture and manufacturing are targeted to grow 4% and 10% respectively. The document provides context on past plan performances and targets across broad economic parameters for the 12th Plan.
The document summarizes India's Fifth Five Year Plan from 1974-1979. The plan's objectives were to reduce social, economic, and regional disparities, reduce poverty, achieve agricultural self-sufficiency, reduce unemployment, encourage small industries and self-employment, and control population growth. Key aspects included increasing investment in agriculture, energy, and employment generation. The plan outlined strategies for health, family planning, nutrition, and industrial development, and provided budget allocations across sectors. Challenges included high inflation from rising food and oil prices that impacted the economy.
The document summarizes the key points of India's various Five Year Plans as they relate to animal husbandry development. The Planning Commission was established in 1950 to formulate these Five Year Plans to promote economic development, increase production and employment opportunities. Each successive plan outlined goals and initiatives for the agricultural sector including animal husbandry and dairy, poultry, livestock and fisheries development through programs such as establishing veterinary hospitals and breeding centers. The plans achieved varying levels of success in meeting their economic growth targets.
The document discusses India's various Five Year Plans for agriculture and economic development from 1951 to 2017. Some key points:
- India formulated Five Year Plans to develop its economy in a planned manner, with goals set and reviewed every five years. The first plan focused on irrigation, energy, agriculture and more. Subsequent plans targeted higher GDP growth rates.
- The plans aimed to increase agricultural production, boost industries like steel and energy, and develop infrastructure and social services. However, some plans like the third fell short of their growth targets.
- Recent plans have targeted even higher GDP growth, poverty reduction, education improvements, and increasing private investment in infrastructure and renewable energy. However, growth rates have sometimes fallen short
The document summarizes India's economic planning process through its eleven five-year plans from 1951 to 2012. It outlines the key objectives, focus areas, and growth targets and achievements of each five-year plan, highlighting developments in agriculture, industry, infrastructure, education, health, poverty alleviation, and other social and economic goals. Planning is overseen by the Planning Commission to promote growth, self-reliance, and modernization across sectors in a systematic manner.
The document discusses the Indian economy during the planning era. Key points:
- Planning was adopted after independence to accelerate growth and reduce poverty through increasing incomes. The first few decades saw 3.5-4% growth.
- Objectives of planning included expanding employment, modernizing the economy, promoting social justice and reducing inequality, ensuring sustainable growth, and achieving self-reliance.
- Five-Year Plans were the main mechanism for achieving planning objectives through targeted programs and investments. The 12th Plan aimed for faster, sustainable, and more inclusive growth.
The document outlines the key objectives and focus areas of India's eleven five-year plans from 1951-2012. The early plans emphasized developing agriculture and rural development (1st-3rd plans) while later plans focused on increasing industrialization, education, healthcare access, poverty reduction, and generating employment opportunities (4th plan onward). Key health objectives across plans included expanding access to primary care, controlling communicable diseases, increasing health resources and education, and promoting family planning.
Planning process five year plans, national policies, committeesSowmya Shetty
The document outlines the objectives and content of a lesson plan on India's five-year planning process as it relates to health. It discusses the specific objectives and key health-related goals of each five-year plan from the First Plan in 1951 to the Eleventh Plan in 2007-2012. These included expanding basic health services, controlling communicable diseases, increasing health infrastructure and resources, and integrating family planning with health programs. It also summarizes the recommendations of several health committees that informed India's national and state health policies.
The document discusses the history and evolution of economic planning in India since independence. It summarizes the key objectives and focus areas of each of India's eleven five-year plans from 1951-2012. Some of the main points covered include: India adopted the concept of five-year plans from the Soviet Union to accelerate industrialization and development; the early plans focused on irrigation, energy and agriculture to address poverty and development needs; later plans emphasized industrialization, employment generation and reducing inequality; while planning helped development, deficiencies included issues with implementation, resource allocation, and neglect of social sectors at times. Overall the document analyzes the impact and role of planning in India's development journey over the decades.
The document provides an overview of India's Five Year Plans from the First Plan in 1951 to the Eighth Plan in the 1990s. It discusses the origins and history of planning in India prior to independence. Each Five Year Plan is summarized, including key targets, approaches, and outcomes. The plans shifted focus over time from agriculture and industrialization to addressing poverty, employment, and self-sufficiency. Overall the plans aimed to rapidly develop the Indian economy but faced challenges from drought, conflicts, and economic crises.
This document discusses development planning in Bangladesh. It begins by defining development planning and outlining its objectives. It then describes Bangladesh's institutional arrangements for development planning, including the Planning Commission established in 1972. It outlines the different types of development plans used in Bangladesh, including short-term annual plans, medium-term five-year plans, and long-term perspective plans. It provides details on several five-year plans and Bangladesh's shift to Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. It concludes by summarizing the goals of Bangladesh's Perspective Plan for 2010-2021.
- Even after 55 years of planned development and 9 Five-Year Plans, India has failed to solve basic economic problems like poverty and unemployment. Poverty has increased and the benefits of development have mostly gone to affluent sections.
- Gandhi advocated for a rural-based, agriculture-focused model of development to uplift rural populations, but this was not implemented. Instead, Nehru adopted a Western model of heavy industrialization through centralized planning.
- While the goals of early plans were to reduce poverty and establish a socialist society, the benefits have not reached poorer sections. Later poverty programs were poorly designed and funds were misused, providing only acknowledgement but not solutions for the poor.
The document summarizes the key details of India's successive Five Year Plans from the First Plan in 1951 to the Twelfth Plan in 2012-2017. It provides the target and actual growth rates achieved for each plan, along with the main focus areas and outcomes of each plan period. Planning in India has been carried out through these Five Year Plans developed and executed by the Planning Commission since 1947.
Healthcare system, Various Indian Healthcare system, Health policies, Health Programme, Five year Plan, Health Manpower.
A healthcare system can be defined as the method by which healthcare is financed, organized, and delivered to a population. It includes issues of access (for whom and to which services), expenditures, and resources (healthcare workers and facilities).
India has a mixed healthcare system, inclusive of public and private healthcare service providers.
Private HCPs are concentrated in urban India providing secondary and tertiary care healthcare services.
Public healthcare infrastructure in rural areas has been developed as a three tier system based on population norms.
Launched on 12th April, 2005.
Decentralization of village and district level health planning and management.
Appointing ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) for facilitating the access to healthcare services.
Strengthening public healthcare delivery services at primary and secondary level.
Mainstreaming AYUSH.
Improve management capacity to organize health systems and services.
Improve intersectoral coordination.
The document discusses India's First Five Year Plan from 1951-1956. The Plan had three main objectives: 1) Correct economic imbalances caused by partition, 2) Initiate balanced development to increase income and living standards, and 3) Progressively reform the socio-economic structure according to the constitution. Key achievements included increasing national income, exceeding food grain production targets, and prioritizing agriculture and community development. However, the Plan faced challenges in equitable distribution and meeting industrialization goals.
The document discusses India's industrial policies and plans from 1951 to the present. Some key points:
- Early plans (First to Third Plans) focused on agriculture and basic industries with a goal of self-sufficiency. Later plans emphasized higher growth rates, poverty reduction, and making India more globally competitive.
- Major industrial policy resolutions were passed in 1948, 1956, 1977, 1980, and 1991. These classified industries, outlined public/private roles, and gradually reduced licensing and opened the economy.
- The 1991 policy virtually ended licensing, increased foreign investment limits, and reduced the public sector role to boost growth and efficiency.
- Privatization of public sector firms has occurred through various routes like strategic
This document provides an overview of a seminar on national health policy and five-year plans in India. The seminar objectives are to understand national health policy and how it can be applied to professional practice. Specific objectives include an introduction to national health policy, key elements, goals from 2000-2015, millennium development goals, and details of India's 1st-12th five-year plans. National health policy frameworks, goals and elements are summarized, along with objectives and achievements of the 1st-6th five-year plans in improving health infrastructure, programs and outcomes in India.
Pandit Nehru adopted a mixed economy model for India after independence to balance capitalism and socialism. This included public, private, and joint sectors. Five Year Plans were established to address poverty, unemployment, and economic development. The Plans focused on agriculture, industry, employment, and standards of living. Nationalization of banks in the 1960s and 1970s aimed to promote development. India liberalized its economy in 1991 under PM Narasimha Rao and FM Manmohan Singh in response to an economic crisis, adopting policies of privatization, liberalization, and globalization. This included opening to foreign investment and joining the World Trade Organization in 1995.
The document discusses economic planning and conditions in India. It provides details on:
1. The Planning Commission of India which was established in 1950 and formulated India's Five-Year Plans to promote economic development.
2. Key principles of effective economic planning including well-defined aims and objectives, conscious decision making, appropriate targets, flexibility, and an efficient administrative system.
3. An overview of India's major Five-Year Plans from 1951-1956 to 2012-2017, including goals, focus areas, and growth rates achieved.
4. Important economic indicators that provide information on a country's economic conditions such as GDP, inflation, employment, exports, imports, and interest rates.
Abstract
Economic development in Indonesia produces at least two conditions. First, it
caused the increasing of economic growth and the increasing of upper and
middle class. Second, it caused the increase of gap between the rich and the poor,
as there are many people who always left behind in the development process.
Planning problem, budget constraint, political agenda, and many others can be
mentioned as a caused but they have same effects, there are people who never
touch by development. This condition generatesinequality in society when the
rich become richerwhile the poor become poorer.
The document discusses the functions and objectives of India's Five Year Plans from the first plan in 1951 to the eleventh plan in 2012. Some key points:
- The first plan (1951-1956) focused on developing the agrarian sector and dams/irrigation and achieved 3.6% GDP growth.
- Subsequent plans emphasized industry, infrastructure, poverty reduction and self-sufficiency.
- Later plans incorporated reforms like privatization, liberalization, and reducing population growth.
- Plans set targets for GDP growth, employment, literacy, and decreasing gender/income inequalities.
The Planning Commission was established in 1950 by the Government of India to foster economic development and social justice. It formulated five-year plans to promote balanced utilization of resources and monitor development programs and funds. Key objectives of early plans included increasing food production, reducing poverty and achieving self-sufficiency. Plans focused on agriculture, irrigation, industry and social development. The Planning Commission was replaced by the NITI Aayog in 2014.
This document provides information on using SPSS for educational research. It discusses descriptive statistics, common statistical issues in research, procedures for creating a SPSS data file and conducting descriptive analyses. It also explains how to perform t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), frequencies analysis and other statistical tests in SPSS. The document is intended as a guide for researchers on applying various statistical analyses in SPSS.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in biostatistics and how to use SPSS software for data analysis. It discusses learning objectives for understanding biostatistics, different types of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) and variables (independent, dependent
Active Learning Methods in Teaching.pdfThanavathi C
This document discusses active learning methods in teaching. It begins by defining active learning as any instructional method that engages students in the learning process by having them apply or practice the concepts being taught. Some key active learning methods discussed include think-pair-share, roundtable brainstorming, circular questioning, one minute papers, jigsaw method, concept mapping, peer teaching and team quizzes. The document emphasizes that active learning increases student engagement, participation, retention and higher-order thinking compared to passive lecturing. It concludes by stating active learning creates a more vibrant learning environment when teachers involve students and partner with them to energize the classroom.
Bibliotherapy is a form of therapy that involves reading as part of the treatment process. It can be used for various mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and trauma. Reading materials are selected that are intended to help address a person's problems or symptoms. Research has found bibliotherapy can be an effective treatment for conditions like depression when used as part of a guided program with a mental health professional. It has also shown benefits for caregivers. Bibliotherapy can be delivered individually or in a group setting and the reading materials may include classical literature, psychology-based works, or self-help books.
This document provides instructions for creating a portfolio or Google Site. It discusses defining a portfolio, different forms portfolios can take, and uses of portfolios including evaluating student learning and progress. Steps are outlined for creating a Google Site, including choosing a theme, adding and organizing pages, inserting content, and publishing the site. The document concludes with answering some questions about customizing and sharing a Google Site.
Computer Course Digital Classroom Tools Notes Unit 1, 2, & 3/Dr.C.ThanavathiThanavathi C
This document provides an overview of the features and tools available in Microsoft Word 2007. It discusses the new ribbon interface and how to access common commands like save, print, and open. It also summarizes the various tabs in the ribbon including Home, Insert, Page Layout, References, Mailings, Review, and View. Each section of the ribbon is described in 1-2 sentences. The document is intended to help users familiar with earlier versions of Word learn the updated user interface in Word 2007.
Models of Teaching - Unit IV - Dr.C.ThanavathiThanavathi C
This document discusses different models of teaching, including philosophical, psychological, and modern models. It provides definitions of a teaching model from various experts and outlines the key elements and functions of teaching models. Specifically, it describes Plato's insight model, John Locke's impression model, and Immanuel Kant's rule model as examples of philosophical teaching models. It also discusses Robert Glasser's basic teaching model and Ned Flanders' interaction model as examples of psychological teaching models. The document emphasizes that teaching models help guide instruction, select materials, develop social skills and cognitive abilities in students, and establish effective teaching-learning relationships.
This document outlines the syllabus for the course "Contemporary India and Education" from the Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University.
It begins with course objectives focused on understanding social diversity, contemporary issues in India, educational policies over time, and language policies. The syllabus then lists 5 units that will be covered: the constitutional context of education in India, understanding social diversity, educational demands of individuals and communities, language policy, and implications of equality in educational opportunities. Suggested activities and textbooks are also provided. The document concludes with intended course outcomes.
Education for collective living and peaceful livingThanavathi C
The document discusses the role of education in fostering human development and reducing issues like poverty, exclusion, and conflict. It identifies tensions that will be central problems in the 21st century, such as balancing global and local needs, tradition and modernity, and short-term vs. long-term considerations. Education can help address these tensions by developing understanding between individuals and groups. It also outlines six learning processes for collective, peaceful living through education's relationship with culture, citizenship, social cohesion, work, development, and research. The document provides contact information for Dr. C. Thanavathi, an Assistant Professor of History.
Challenges in achieving universalization of educationThanavathi C
The document discusses challenges in achieving universal elementary education in India. Key challenges include: the government's policy being based on idealism rather than practicality; administration of education being ineffective at local levels; lack of adequate funding for schools; shortage of trained teachers, especially in rural areas; insufficient school buildings; unsuitable curriculum; high rates of student wastage and stagnation; and social evils like child marriage and untouchability that deprive children of education. Overcoming these hurdles is necessary to fulfill India's constitutional mandate of free and compulsory education for all children until age 14.
The document provides an overview of key features in the National Education Policy 2020 related to school education, higher education, and governance structures for education. Some of the main points include:
- Implementing a 5+3+3+4 curriculum structure for school education with mother tongue/local language as the medium of instruction till Grade 5.
- Establishing a Higher Education Commission of India as an umbrella body with four independent verticals for regulation, accreditation, funding, and standards setting.
- Transforming higher education institutions into large multidisciplinary universities and colleges through a phased removal of the affiliation system over 15 years.
- Providing integrated multidisciplinary undergraduate education with multiple exit and entry
This document discusses inclusive education and its key aspects. It defines inclusive education as addressing diversity of needs of all learners through increased participation and reducing exclusion. The objectives of inclusive education policies are to prioritize improving education systems to include all children regardless of differences. Benefits include developing strengths, confidence and friendships for all children. Challenges include ensuring facilities, teaching methods and support match students' needs. Inclusive education aims for "education for all" compared to traditional integration, and requires planning, resources and trained staff.
Dr. C. Thanavathi is an Assistant Professor of History at V.O.C. College of Education in Thoothukudi, India. The document discusses integrated education, which aims to provide equal educational opportunities to disabled children alongside their non-disabled peers. Integrated education helps remove the inferiority complex of disabled children and provides peer support, but faces challenges including a lack of trained teachers and awareness of disabilities. The Indian government has implemented schemes like Integrated Education for Disabled Children to promote inclusion, but shortcomings remain in fully achieving the goals of integrated schooling.
Rashtriya Ucchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (Rusa) dr.c.thanavathiThanavathi C
RUSA (Rashtriya Ucchatar Shiksha Abhiyan) is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2013 that aims to provide strategic funding to state higher education institutions. The funding flows from the central ministry to state governments and institutions and is based on state higher education plans and institutional development plans. RUSA seeks to improve access, equity and excellence in higher education by upgrading colleges to universities, supporting infrastructure development, faculty recruitment and improving research. It also aims to increase gross enrollment ratios, ensure quality standards, promote autonomy and reforms, and address regional imbalances. Key challenges to achieving its goals include gender disparity, inadequate infrastructure, low industry training, faculty shortage and large college affiliations to universities.
How to handle online classes in google meet/Dr.C.ThanavathiThanavathi C
This document provides information about a workshop on using Google Meet for online classes. The workshop will be held on January 24, 2022 from 9:30 am to 11:30 am and conducted by Dr. C. Thanavathi. The workshop will cover topics such as creating Google Meet links, scheduling meetings, conducting video conferences, and being knowledgeable resources for online classes. It provides an agenda with overview, objectives, instructions, and details on various Google Meet features that will be demonstrated like sharing screens, chatting, recording, and using the mobile app. The goal is to help participants effectively handle and master online classes through the Google Meet platform.
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)Thanavathi C
This document contains contact information for Dr. C. Thanavathi, an Assistant Professor of History, as well as information on her educational qualifications. It also lists 10 objectives of the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), a scheme aimed at improving access to and quality of secondary education in India. Finally, it outlines several challenges to achieving universal secondary education, such as lack of parental support and motivation, poverty, child marriage, and absenteeism.
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It begins by defining what a research proposal is and its purpose. It then discusses the key components of a research proposal such as the problem statement, objectives, hypotheses, research methodology, time schedule and expected outcomes. Examples of different types of research proposals and their formats are also provided. Overall, the document serves as a comprehensive guide for developing an effective research proposal.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is India's flagship program for achieving Universal Elementary Education launched in 2001. It aims to provide useful and relevant elementary education to all children aged 6-14 by 2010. Key objectives include enrolling all children in school by 2003, completing 5 years of primary schooling by 2007, and 8 years of elementary education by 2010. It focuses on improving access through school infrastructure development, teacher training, and community mobilization with the goal of closing gender and social gaps in education attainment. While significant progress has been made in enrollment, retention remains a challenge.
How to enroll and access swayam courseThanavathi C
This document provides instructions on how to enroll in and access courses on the SWAYAM online learning platform. It outlines the following steps:
1) Register for an account on the SWAYAM website or mobile app.
2) Search for and select courses to enroll in. Courses cover a wide range of subjects from high school to university level.
3) Access enrolled course content, which includes videos, readings, assessments, and discussion forums. Content can be downloaded.
4) Participate in discussion forums by posting questions, answers, and providing feedback to other students.
The document discusses various digital initiatives of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) in India, including the National Mission on Education Through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT). Some of the major ongoing initiatives under NMEICT aimed at improving access to quality education include SWAYAM, SWAYAM Prabha, National Digital Library, e-Yantra, FOSSE, Spoken Tutorials, and Virtual Labs. These initiatives are being implemented by various higher educational institutions in India to infuse digital education solutions and improve learning outcomes. The document also provides links to additional resources on the digital initiatives of MHRD and the Government of India's flagship 'Digital India' program.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
1. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
Unit VII
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND FINANCING
Five year plans: Educational policy making and budgeting - Funding systems of
education: Public, fees, students’ loans, education cess and external aids.
First Five Year Plan (1951 – 1956): The priority was set for agricultural development. It took
reference from the Harrod – Domar model. After partition and World War II the situation of
food production declined drastically. This plan stands to gain high agricultural produce, proper
utilization of raw materials and provide irrigation and other necessary amenities. The target is
to decrease the income gap between different sections of society and to make our country self-
sufficient. Target was also set for controlling inflation. The plan achieved every possible thing
beyond targets. The target for national income growth was set as 11% and it got 18 % increase.
Agriculture, industries, education, railways, etc. were improving at a great pace.
Second Five Year Plan (1956 – 1961): The great contribution to this was given by P.C.
Mahalanobis model. It was also known as the “Industry and Transport plan”. The main focus
was industrial development. Heavy industries were also taken into account with various small
and medium-sized industries. People got employment opportunities and ways to income
generation. The target for the annual growth rate was 5%. The main significance was that it
promoted labor-intensive factories.
Third Five Year Plan (1961- 1966): The major contribution from this phase was for long term
developments. The plan is called Gadgil Yojana. Independence of the economy was a major
basis because it will help in self-sufficiency for many sectors. Although, the decided target of
5.6% was not achieved because of the China War. Sectors like industries, communication, and
social services were improved with targets. There was a fall in agriculture production and
clashes between the centre and state governments. The prices of agricultural products and
consumer articles were at a peak. Period of three annual plans (1966 – 1969) Now instead of
5-year plans, a three year period was meant to implement 3 annual plans. It is also called plan
holidays. This period was generally come due to the ongoing Indo Pakistan War. This led to a
decrease in the country’s resource utilization. The major reason was the failed third five-year
plan.
2. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
Fourth Five Year Plan (1969 – 1974 ): Country was fighting with several social issues like
poverty, increased unemployment, population explosion, economic recession, etc. The Indira
government was formed and implemented this plan in 1969. The advancement of agriculture
began with the Green Revolution and 14 Indian banks were nationalized. Family Planning
Programmes were implemented. However, due to prevailing situations plan remained
incomplete and achieved only 3.3% on the place of 5.6%. The big failure of this time is
considered price instability
Fifth Five Year Plan ( 1974 – 1979): In a chronological manner, priority was given to
agriculture, industries, and mines. Minimum Needs Programme (MNP) was started to uplift
standards of living and to fulfill minimum basic needs of the masses. This plan was suggested
by D.P. Dhar. The expansion of roads and tourism activities worked took place simultaneously.
Garibi Hatao got promoted with poverty alleviation schemes and India stepped toward Self-
reliance and economical growth. The emergency was imposed and emphasis was given to PM
20 Point Programme. A growth of 4.8% was achieved that was more than targeted. Rolling
Plan (1978 – 1980) In contrast to Nehru Model, Janta Government put forward a plan of more
employment emphasis. It criticized many prevailed plans and took inequalities and poverty as
real social issues. However, its tenure ended after 2 years and the new government came up
with a new five-year plan.
Sixth Plan Year Plan (1980 – 1985): This period faced social unrest like famine during 1984 –
85 but successful in achieving almost every target. The major focus was an increase in national
income, adoption of modern technology, a decrease in poverty-ridden areas, control population
expansion and many more. Infrastructural changes also happened and helped in approaching
growth strategies.
Seventh Five Year Plan (1985 – 1990 ): Till now this was the plan that resulted in a maximum
growing rate with 6%. Like other plans, previous targets like food, employment and so on were
there but now work and productivity also got higher concentration by the government. For the
first time, the private sector was suppressing the public sector. Although for the middle and
lower class it was not any kind of benefit. This could result in exploitation in the future. Annual
Plans (1990 – 1992) The situation was so politically unstable and Eighth Five Year Plan was
postponed for 2 years.
Eighth Five Year Plan(1992 – 1997): The reasons for the launch of this plan were fiscal and
budgetary impediments. The phase faced recessionary dilemmas with budget deficits. Many
3. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
economic reforms assisted the Indian economy and reforms like liberalization and changing
modes of production for agriculture were implemented. Higher growth was achieved with more
private investment. The role of the public sector had declined due to Liberalization,
Privatization and Globalization reforms. Priority was given to Human Resource Development
in sectors like education, health care facilities, etc.
Ninth Five Year Plan (1997 – 2002): Social Justice and Equality were featuring development
aims in this plan. Foreign Direct Investment flourished with more trade with the rest of the
world. At this moment 50 years of independence were completed. The social sector was
especially taken care of with provisions like basic social and economic reforms including
education, community development programs, and health.
Tenth Five Year Plan (2002 – 2007): It was an important landmark because it took social
deformities into account apart from economic growth. Demographic Profile factors were
modified without discrimination. Clean drinking water, low gender gaps, equal wage pay, low
death rates, controlled infant mortality rate were certain determinants. The sociological
perspective was largely elevated with population policy and family planning State roles were
increased and the policy of decentralized planning was promoted.
Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007 – 2012): Inclusiveness in every growth is a key to decide that
its result reaches ground levels. The main motto of the 11th five-year plan was more inclusive
economic growth. C. Rangarajan was its framer. But minorities and tribal communities were
not a sufficiently inclusive framework. Malnutrition, poverty, and vulnerability were
increasing. However, opportunities like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act (MNREGA) were also implemented. There were so many fluctuations in
economic gains and poverty remained high. Formulas like Tendulkar Formula were criticized
due to no effect in poverty reduction.
Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012 – 2017): During the commencement of 12th Five Year Plan, the
global economy was facing another slowdown. Even our economy slowed down as a result.
Therefore, the emphasis was to encourage economic growth rate with faster, sustainable and
inclusive growth. Social problems were rightly addressed like malnutrition, environment
degradatieducation, health, communication, etc. With this phase, prevailing gender gaps,
inequalities, regional imbalances, and community gaps were getting attention. The policy held
the accountability to remove every lacuna from making India as an emerging world power. It
had many long and short term aims.
4. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
Some Achievements of Planning: Our nation achieved a lot from these plans and this took a
very long time to cover real issues. The actual increase in national income is seen to date. At
the beginning of new India after independence, India had less than 2% of income per annum.
Per capita income also went up. GDP growth was a result of capital formation that triggered
while planning periods. Employment was increased and many income generation programs
became successful. The major contribution was the improvement in social infrastructure and it
helped in solving real ground level problems. Facilities like banking, communication,
hospitals, irrigation and so on superseded every other achievement.
Failures of Planning: Alleviation of poverty was the central theme of almost all plans. But when
we take a look it is not cured as it should have been. Inflation rates were touching the sky with
the unemployment spiral. The ethical goal of planning was the equitable distribution of social
and economic benefits. But the gap always gets widen between classes. Desired results to tackle
inequalities were received yet. Infrastructural problems were making people vulnerable and
excluded.
Conclusion: Democratic regimes are known to hold values like equality, liberty, and fraternity.
It needs various weapons to shape such norms and values. Planning is playing a very crucial
role because without planning it is not possible to include everyone’s welfare policies and
programs. Broadly we can divide this whole era into two phases that are before liberalization
and after liberalization. Many lacunas are still prevailing because population explosion always
results in a lack of proper implementation. Some new issues like rape are emerging with
modern time and it is a time to tackle and eradicated them.
Five year planning and their achievements:
Introduction:
India is an economic development of the country. That is industry all development in India. It
based on follow up with Britishers. Because each 5 years making a new plans and they are
achieved. So in India, every five year plans created by planning commission of India under the
control of prime minister. Every five years plans, aims, objectives and achievements are
following.
5. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
First 5 year plan: first five year plan draft introduced by July 1951, then after the approval of
Indian government by Dec 1951. In the first five year plan was introduced by the year 1951 to
1956.
Aims: The main aim of this five year plan is Development of Agriculture.
Objectives: The primary aim was to living standards of the people of India. This was done by
making use of india's natural resources.
Achievements: Through this more irrigation process. Soil conservation and forest development
making for this five year plan.
Second five year plan: The second five year plan was introduced by 1956 to 1961. Aim: The
main aim of this five year plan is rapid industrialisation. Objectives: Focused on industry,
especially heavy industry ,they gives important to their development. This was done by
primarily to develop the public sector. Achievements: Steel industries are developed by this
five year plan. Such as industries placed on Drugs poor,Rurkela,Jansetpur. Hydro electronic
power plants were formed. Coal productions was increased.
Third five year plan: The third five year plan was introduced by 1961 to 1966. Aims: The main
aim of third five year plan is self reliant and self sustained economy. Objectives: Stressed on
Agriculture and improving production of rice. Increasing national income 5% for an individual
person. Minimising the rate of unemployment and ensuring equal rights to all. Achievements:
Construction of dams continue.Many cement plant were also create by India. Increasing the
production of wheat especially Panjab.
Fourth five year plan: This five year plan was introduced by 1969 to 1974. Aim: The aim of
forth five year plan is self reliance and growth with stability. Objectives: Reform and
restructures is agenda. Achievements: Indira Gandhi government nationalized by 14 major
Indian banks.F Ood crime productions were increasedore fund use for industrial development.
5th five year plan: The five year plan was introduced by the year 1974 to 1979. Aim: The main
aim of 5th five year plan was poverty erradication. objectives: Give priority to food and energy
sectors.Improving self employment.Reduce poverty.Improving the Agricultural condition.
achievements: Important of labour intensive productions technology in India. To enacted
electricity supply act 1975.
6th five year plan: This five year plan was introduced by 1980 to 1985. aim: The main aim of
6th five year plan is employment generation. objectives: Rapid industrial development
especially information technology.Such as mobile phone,computer etc.... achievements: Indian
National Highway system was introduced. Tourism also expanded. In the time beginning of
economic liberalisation.
6. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
7th five year plan: this five year plan was introduced by 1985 to 1989. aim: The aim of 7th five
year plan is moderation and introduction and application of technology. objectives: Agriculture
development.Anti poverty programs social justice. Achievements: To achieve self sustained
economy.Maintain a balance with export and import.
8th five year plan: (1992 -1997): aim: The aim of 8th five year plan was Human Resources
Development. objectives:. Modernization of industry. Focused on Human Resources
Development. achievements: Production of food increases to 176.22million from 51 million.
India became a member of the World Trade Organization on 1 Jan 1995.
9th five year plan(1997-2002): aim: To prioritize Agricultural sectors and rural development.
objectives: To generate employment opportunity and promote poverty reduction.To ensure
food and nutritional security. achievements: It was tool for solving the economic and social
problems existing in the country.
10th five year plan,: This five year plan was introduced by 2002 to 2007. objectives: Reduction
in: Poverty ratio by 5 percentage points by 2007.Gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by
atleast 50percentage by 2007. increase in : Literacy rates to 75%.Forest and trees cover to 25%
by 2007 and 33%by 2012.
11th five year plan: objectives: objective to increase GDP growth to 4% per year to ensure a
widespread of benefits. Ensure electricity connection to all villager and increase forest and tree
cover by 5%points. Conclusion: Lack of consistency. Moonsoon a dominant factor. Moderst
growth rate. Foreign capital. Less impressive.Objectives remain unfulfilled.
INTRODUCTION : When India gained Indepedence, its economy was grovelling in dust. The
British had left the indian economy crippled and the fathers of development to formulated
5years plan to develop the Indian economy.
MONITORS OF THIS 5 YEAR PLAN : The 5year plan in India is framed, executed and
monitored by the planning commission of India. The planning commission was set up in March
1950. The draft of the first 5year plan was published in July 1951 and it was approved in
December 1951. The first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru presented the first plan to the
parliament of India on December 8 1951.
7. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
FIRST 5YEAR PLAN :(1951 _1956) AIM : To develop agriculture OBJECTIVIES : * The
prime aim was to improve living standards of the people of India . * This was done by making
use of India's Natural resources. * Through this more irrigation process take place.
SECOND 5YEAR PLAN : (1956 _1961) AIM : Rapid Industralisation. OBJECTIVIES : *
Focused on industry especially heavy industry. *Boosed for manufacturing for industry. * This
was done to develop the public sector . ACHIEVEMENTS : *Steel industry in India Durgapura
,Jamshadur . *Coal production was increased . * Hydroelectric power plants were formed .
THIRD 5YEAR PLAN :(1961 _1966) AIM : Self reliant and self sesitent economy.
OBJECTIVIES : * Stress on agriculture and improving production of rice . * Increase national
income to 5% for each individual person . * ensuring equal rights to all. ACHIEVEMENTS :
* Constration of dams continue many cement plant were also plan . * Increase the production
of wheat especially in punjab.
FOURTH 5YEAR PLAN :(1969_1974) AIM : Give importance to self reliance and growth
with stability . OBJECTIVIES : * Reform and restructure the expenditure ajanda .
ACHIEVEMENTS : * Indira Gandhi Governemnt Nationalist 14 major Indian Banks. * Green
revolution in India advanced agriculture food grains production .
FIFTH 5YEAR PLAN :(1974_1979) AIM : Poverty eradication . OBJECTIVIES : * Give
priority food and energy. * Improving self employemtn to reduce poverty . * Improving
agriculture condition . ACHIEVEMENTS : * Importance of Labour intensive production
technology in India . * To enactor Electricity supply act 1975 . SIXTH 5YEAR PLAN :(1980-
1985) AIM : Employment generation . OBJECTIVES : * Give importance of rapid industrial
development especially IT. ACHIEVEMENTS : * Indian National high system was introduced
. * Family p;anning was introduced .
SEVENTH 5YEAR PLAN :(1985 - 1989) AIM : Modernization OBJECTIVES : *
Introduction and application of modern technology . * Agriculture development ,Social justice
, Anti poverty program . ACHIEVEMENTS : * Self sesitant economy maintain a balance with
export and import .
EIGHTH 5YEAR PLAN :(1992 -1997) AIM : Human resources development . OBJECTIVES
: * Modernization of indutries, human resources development . * Employment generation ,
strengthening the infrastructure . ACHIEVEMENTS : * Production of food grains . * Energy
was given priority with 26% of the world trade organization on 1 january 1995 .
NINTH 5YEAR PLAN : (1997 -2002) AIM : To ensure food and nutritional security and to
provide basic facilities . OBJECTIVES : * To generate employment opportunities and promote
8. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
poverty reduction . * To provide basic facilities . ACHIEVEMENTS : * Solve the economic
and social problems .
TENTH 5YEAR PLAN ( 2002 -2007) OBJECTIVES : REDUCTION : * Poverty rate by 5%
by 2007. * Decadal rate of population growth between 2001 to 2011 to 16.2 %. INCREASE :
* Literacy rate 75% . * Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007 . * All children in india
in school by 2003 and to complete 5yrs of schooling by 2007 .
ELEVNTH 5YEAR PLAN (2007 _2012) It was in the period Manmohan singh as a Prime
Minister . AIM : To increase the enrolemtn of higher education of 18 to 23 yrs of age group by
2011_2012. OBJECTIVES : * Focused on distant education.Convergence of formal ,
non_formal , distant and IT education institutions . * Empowerment through education and
skill development . * Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009 . ACHIEVEMNTS : * Rapid
and inclusive growth reduction of gender inequality . * Reduce total fertility rate to 2.1 .
TWELFTH 5YEAR PLAN : (2012_2017 ) : The twelfth 5yr plan of the government of India
has been decided to achieve a growth rate of 8.2% but the national development council on 27
december 2012 approved a growth rate of 8% for the twelfth plan . OBJECTIVES : * To create
50 million new work opportunies in the mon farm sectro. * To remove gender and social gap
in school enrolment . * To redice mal nutrition among children aged 0_3yrs. * To ensure
provide electricity to all villages. * To ensure that 50% of the rural population to proper
drinking water . * To increase greencover by 1 million hectare every yr .
The 13th five-year defence plan (2017-22) envisages an allocation of Rs 26,83,924
crore for the armed forces. This includes Rs 13,95,271 crore under the revenue
segment and the remainder for defraying the capital expenditure. Given the
secrecy surrounding the plans, it is unlikely that much will be known about the
outcomes intended to be achieved.
Although other stakeholders were apparently consulted while preparing the plan,
in all probability this projection does not include the requirements of the Defence
Research & Development Organisation, Ordnance Factories, Coast Guard, Border
Roads Organisation, and many other organisations as well as activities carried out
under the administrative control of the Ministry of Defence (MoD). It certainly does
not include the money required for defence pensions.
The total allocation for these aforesaid organisations, activities and defence
pensions adds up to Rs 1,36,746.10 crore for the year 2017-18, with defence
pensions alone accounting for Rs 85,737.31 crore. Without factoring in any
increase in the coming years, the requirement on this count for the plan period will
work out to Rs 6,83,730.50 crore.
Assuming that the requirement has been worked out based on immaculate costing
and there will be no cost overruns or additional requirements, the total requirement
of the armed forces, other organisations and defence pensions would thus add up
to Rs 33,67,654.50 crore.
Since the current financial year happens to be the first year of the 13th five-year
plan and a total sum of Rs 3,59,851.43 crore already stands allocated for the
9. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
current year, a sum of Rs 29,07,803.07 crore will be required for the remaining
four years at an annual average of Rs 7,26,950.76 crore. This figure may undergo
some minor change if additional sums are allocated, or the allocation reduced, at
the Revised Estimate (RE) stage.
Achieving the intended outcomes of the plan, therefore, is critically dependent on
the ability of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) to increase the budget by at least 100
per cent from next year onward, pushing it to around three per cent of the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP). This is considered by many to be an ideal level of
funding. It is, therefore, possible that the plan is actually based on the assumption
that allocations totalling three per cent of the GDP will be made available for
defence during the 13th defence plan period.
CONCLUSION : With the planning commision dissolved no more formal plans are made for
the economy, but 5yrs . Defence plans continue to be made . The latest is 2017-2022. There
will be no Thirtheenth 5year plan.
Introduction
Planning is essential for development of every nation and according to which changes
would have been brought in social, political, economic, cultural and educational sphere in a
systematic and orderly manner. Planning means to think before acting, and to act according to
facts, not, conjectures or speculation.
Educational Planning
Planning is the process of preparing a set of decisions for action during a specific period
of time to achieve a set of goals.
Educational Planning implies the taking of decisions for future action with a view to
achieving predetermined objectives through the optimum use of scarce resources said by
J.P.Nayak.
Educational Planning is nothing more than a rational process of setting clear objectives,
choosing the most efficient and effective means of pursuing them, then following with practical
action said by Philip H. Coombs.
Need for Educational Planning
A good educational plan is needed to tone up the administrative machinery, to improve
the infrastructure facilities of educational institutions, to increase teacher efficiency and
involve the public in the development of education. Concerted efforts are to be made to achieve
10. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
the expansion of education and achievement of quality. In educational planning special care
should be taken for the promotion of education among the rural poor, deprived sections of
society and girls. The need for educational planning entails the following:
Adequate plans help to direct and co-ordinate the actions of employees in order to
achieve maximum effectiveness, efficiency and productivity.
Planning is necessary for administrative decisions in education, for it aims at putting
into action what educators deems to achieve.
Planning enables a nation to make its choices clear in terms of the aim and objectives.
Educational plans are designed to avoid in balances and enormous wastes and replenish
the steadily aggravated shortage of teachers.
Since the goals and objectives of education are all embracing impacting upon social,
economic and political well beings of the society, much is expected from educational planning.
Types of Educational Planning
Planning for administration.
Planning for academic or curricular development.
Planning for non-academic or co-curricular activities
Planning for school-community relations.
Planning for discipline.
Planning for developmental activities or programmes.
Planning for proper utilization of community resources for total development of the
institution
Importance of Educational Planning
(1) It ensures success of the institution. It takes into consideration the important issues,
conditions, constraints and factors in education. Its focus is on future objectives, vision and
goals. It is proactive in nature in that it emphasizes perception and ability to apply theory and
profit from it in advance of action.
It clarifies goals and the means to achieve those goals. Thus it eliminates trial-and-error
process, reduces chances of failure and ensures success. In other words, it provides intelligent
direction to activity.
11. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
(2) The scarcity of financial and other non-material resources poses a challenge to education.
Planning is a response to such challenges and explores the possibilities of alternative uses and
optimum utilization of limited resources.
(3) Effective and efficient planning saves time, effort and money.
(4) It is a co-ordinated means of attaining pre-determined purposes.
(5) Education is a public service demanded by the public and supplied by the government. For
any government effort of such a large magnitude as education, planning is absolutely necessary.
(6) Educational planning is one of the components of the overall national socio-economic
development. The over-all planning has to provide the objectives of education and the finances
for educational development for accomplishing these objectives.
Educational Financing
Financing is defined as the act of providing funds for business activities, making
purchases or investing. Financial institutions and banks are in the business of financing as they
provide capital to businesses, consumers and investors to help them achieve their goals. The
Education funding comes from many different sources. The total level of funding a country
dedicates to education is the result of the total level of funding provided by each one of these
sources.
Essential Principles of Educational Financing
1. All allocation of funds to education should be determined by the educational budget
and priorities to various sectors should be made within the sphere of education itself.
2. Improvement of education should be made within the financial and human resources
available in the country.
3. Through careful analysis, trends in economy, allocations should be made to important
educational sectors in accordance with the projected man power requirements. As a
result of which maximum returns will be ensured and the wastage of human and
physical resources of the country will be eliminated.
4. Education cannot be purchased like a commodity according to the desire of the
individuals, who can pay the full cost. Attempts should be made to provide education
free or at a much lower cost than the real one to help the young and immature member
of the society to develop.
12. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
5. Education should be duly financed to provide equality of opportunity for the
development of the individuals. It can develop their capacities and talents and leaders
can spring up from all ranks and conditions of life. Men and women can develop
intellectual initiative, judicious invention, foresight of consequences ingenuity of
adoption and capacity for making moral choices.
6. For demoralization of educational opportunities in our country, a large number of
scholarships, stipends and free studentship should be given to the students.
7. Special grants for physical activities, libraries and reading rooms, expenses on special
programmes like mid-day meals etc., should be given.
8. The allocation of funds to education purely from the economic point of view- should
be decided by the future needs of skilled man power in various sectors of national life.
9. Craft in our school are taught with zeal to produce commodities of high quality and
marketability.
10. Cottage industries are introduced in our schools. This will certainly help in recovering
some expenditure on education.
11. Attempts should be made to reduce the cost of equipment by improvisation etc.
Teachers should be given incentives to do so.
12. As Kothari Commission desires that utmost economy should be used in the construction
of the school building. It should be constructed at war-footing. That will enhance the
prestige of education.
ைர. இ தியாவ ெபா ளாதார வள சி ஐ தா
தி ட ெகா வர ப ட .March 1950 தி ட
அைம க ப ட July 1951 த ஐ தா தி ட
சம ப க ப ட . த ஐ தா தி ட .195 |-56 வ வசாய தி
வள சி உத த இத கிய ேநா கமா . ேந
தைலைமய த அறி ைகயான Dec8, 1951 சம ப க ப ட
ேநா க : ம கள வா ைக தா ைத உய த . நில கைள
13. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
வ வசாய வழ த . இர டா ஐ தா தி ட ..1956560
நா வ மாண ைத அதிக க ெச த ச க தி
ஏ ற தா கைள ைற த ெதாழி சாைலக
கிய .
வ அள த றா ஐ தா தி ட :196l - 65 .
ெபா ளாதார தி த நிைற அைடவேத இத ேநா கமா .
இ தியா ஓ ள அைன ம க சம உ ைம வழ த
சாதைனக . அைணக , சிெம ெதாழி சாைல நி வ ப ட .
ேகா ைம வ ைளைவ அதிக த மாநில மி சார வா ய
அைம த . நா கா ஐ தா தி ட :1968-73 இ தியாவ
ெசலவ ன கைள ைற த சாதைனக இ திரா கா தி 14 இ திய
வ கிகைள ேதசிய உடைமயா கினா ப ைம ர சி தி ட
வ வசாய ைத வள சியைடய ெச த . ெதாழி சாைல வள சி
உத த . ஐ தா ஐ தா தி ட :1974- 79 வ ைம ஒழி
ேநா க : உண ம ஆ ற சா த ெதாமி காைலக
அதிக கிய வ ெகா த ய ெதாழி ேன ற
வ வசாய நிைலைய உய த சாதைன 1975 மி சார வழ
ச ட இய ற ப ட . ஆறா ஐ தா தி ட :1980-85 ேவைல
வா ைப உ வா த ேநா க ெதாழி வள சிைய அதிக த
IT , தகவ ெதாட வள சி கிய வ அள த . சாதைன
இ திய ேதசிய ெந சாைல தி ட அைம க ப ட . லா
தல கைள வ ப த ஏழா ஐ தா தி ட :1985-89
நவனமயமா த ேநா க : வ வசாய வள சி ச கநதி
உ வா த வ ைம ஒழி தி ட இ தியாைவ த ன ைற
14. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE
ஆ த சாதைன ஏ மதி இற மதிைய உ வா த . எ டா
ஐ தா தி ட 1992-97 மன த வள கைள வள சியைடய
ெச த . ேநா க ெதாழி சாைலகைள நவனமயமா க மன த
வள ைத ேம ப த . ஒ பதா ஐ தா தி ட 1997-2002 .
ேவைல வா ைப ெப த வ ைலவாசிகைள க பா
ைவ த ம க ெதாைக வள சிைய க ப த யசா ைப
உ வா த ப தா ஐ தா தி ட 2002-07 வ ைமைய
ைற ப ேவைல வா ைப ெப த ழ ைத இற
வ கித ைத ைற ப 2007 ஆ அைன ஆ கைள
ைம ப த . க வ க ேறா எ ண ைகேய
உய த . பதிேனாரா ஐ தா தி ட 2007-12 உ நா
உ திைய 10 வ கா உய த ேவைல வா கைள
வழ த ழ ைத இற வ கித ைத ைற த அைன
கிராம க மி இைண வழ த வன பர பளைவ 5
வ கா அள உய த . ப ன ர டா ஐ தா தி ட
2012 - 2017 ப ன ர டா ஐ தா தி ட வ ைரவ ெதாட க
உ ள