Iron deficiency anemia is caused by low iron levels in the body, which can result from blood loss, an inadequate diet poor in iron, or issues absorbing iron. Symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, dizziness, and shortness of breath. The condition occurs when not enough healthy red blood cells are produced due to lack of iron, which is needed to carry oxygen throughout the body. Left untreated, iron deficiency anemia can lead to developmental problems in children, heart issues, and other complications depending on age and severity.

1. UNIT 3
HAEMATOLOGICAL
DISEASES

2. IRON DEFICIENCY
AN EM IA

3. DEFINATION
• Anemia usually refers to a condition in which
your blood has a lower than normal number of
red blood cells.
• Iron deficiency anemia is a condition in which
the body lack enough red blood cell to
transport oxygen-rich blood to body tissues
• Occurs due to reduced production of rbc or
increased loss of rbc

5. ETIOLOGY
• Iron-deficiency anemia is usually due to :
 blood loss
 poor diet
an inability to absorb enough iron from
food

6. • Blood Loss
 Blood lost causes iron depletion
In women, long or heavy menstrual
periods or bleeding fibroids in the
uterus.
Childbirth
Internal bleeding
• Poor Diet
Low iron intake.
During some stages of life, such as
pregnancy and childhood.

7. • Inability To Absorb Enough Iron
Even if you have enough iron in your
diet, your body may not be able to absorb
it. This can happen if you have intestinal
surgery or a disease of the intestine.
Prescription medicines that reduce acid
in the stomach also can interfere with
iron absorption.

8. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• Iron-deficiency anemia can cause:
brittle nails
cracks in the sides of the mouth

9.  Extreme fatigue (tiredness)
chest pain

10. • Pale skin
• Dizziness or lightheadedness

11. • Fast heart rate
• Headache

12. an enlarged spleen
Cold hands and feet
frequent infections.
Irritability
shortness of breath
swelling or soreness of the tongue

13. • Some signs and symptoms of iron-deficiency
anemia are related to the condition's causes.
 A sign of intestinal bleeding is bright red
blood in the stools or black, tarry-looking
stools.
 Very heavy menstrual bleeding, long periods, or
other vaginal bleeding may suggest that a woman
is at risk for iron-deficiency anemia.

14. • Severe iron-deficiency anemia can lead to:
problems with growth and development in
children
angina (chest pain)
leg pains (intermittent claudication)

15. PATHOPHYSILOGY
FACTORS LIKE
PREDISPOSING
SEX( MENSTRAL CYCLE),
GENETICS
PRECIPITATING
INADEQUATE IRON INTAKE, FAULTY
DIET,
BLOOD LOSS ,PREGNANCY
DECREASED INTAKE OF IRON RICH FOODS WITH BLOOD LOSS
IRON IN THE BODY IS USED UP
DECREASED IRON RESERVES NEEDED FOR HB PRODUCTION
DECREASED RBC PRODUCTION DUE TO LACK OF HB
DECREASED OXYGEN AND HB

16. COMPLICATION
Effects of Anemia in Pregnant Women: Pregnant women with significant anemia
may have an increased risk for poor pregnancy outcomes,particularly if they are
anemic in the first trimester.
Complications from Anemia in Children and Adolescents: In children, severe
anemia can impair growth and motor and mental development. Children
mayexhibit a shortened attention span and decreased alertness. Children with
severe iron-deficiencyanemia may also have an increased risk for stroke.
 Effects of Anemia in the Elderly:Anemia is common in older people and can
have significantly more severe complications thananemia in younger adults.
Effects of anemia in the elderly include decreased strength and increasedrisk for
falls. Anemia may have adverse effects on the heart and increase the severity of
cardiacconditions, including reducing survival rates from heart failure and heart
attacks.

17. UNIT 3