TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS-MEANING, OBJECTIVE, PRINCIPLES, TEACHING LEARNING CYCLE,PHASES OF TEACHING, TEACHING LEARNING STRATEGIES, TEACHING-PRINCIPLES, STRATEGIES, PRINCIPLES, GENERAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES, MAXIMS OF TEACHING, FACTORS AFFECTING T-L PROCESS, BARRIERS. LEARNING-CONCEPT, PRINCIPLES, DOMAINS, THEORIES OF LEARNING-BEHAVIOURISM, COGNITIVE THEORY, CONSTRUCTIVISM, CONNECTIVISM THEORY, HUMANISTIC THEORY

1. Teaching Learning
Process
PREPARED BY: MS. MEERA CHANDRAN

2. TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
DEFINITION:
It is a systematic, sequential, planned
course of action on the part of both
teacher and the learner to achieve the
outcome of the teaching learning

3. TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
MEANING:
It is a combined process in which a
teacher assess the students learning need
and implement a plan of work and
estimate the outcome of the instruction

4. OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
1. To help students to acquire knowledge
2. To shape character and behaviour
3. To foster independence
4. To motivate students
5. To nurture creative thinking
6. To develop social skills
7. To assist school/educational institution
8. To involve parents in their children’s education

5. PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
1. Learning is active, not passive
2. Learning is individualised
3. Learning is meaningful
4. Learning is social
5. Learning is lifelong

6. TEACHING Learning PROCESS CYCLE
1. Prior knowledge
2. Presenting new material
3. Challenge
4. Feedback
5. Repetition

7. PHASES OF TEACHING

PRE-ACTIVE STAGE: The planning stage that happens
before meeting with students, involves planning lessons,
choosing books.

INTER-ACTIVE STAGE: The execution stage that involves
classroom interaction between teacher and students. Involves
perceiving the class, diagnosing students' knowledge, and
facilitating reaction and response

POST-ACTIVE STAGE: The teacher assess how well
pupils has understood the topic(evaluation cum feedback
stage)

8. TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES
6E+MODEL OF INSTRUCTIONS:
1. ENGAGE: connection between past and present learning experiences
2. EXPLORE: investigate topic more thoroughly
3. EXPLAIN: helps to explain the concepts
4. ELABORATE: finding new information

9. TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES
5. EVALUATE: evaluation is a continuous
process, at the end of the topic too
6. EXTEND: some suggestions for students
beyond the lesson
7. STANDARDS: currently in the process of
being integrated, by lesson plan. The lessons are
matched with state/National standards

10. TEACHING PRINCIPLES
Effective teaching involves:
1. Acquiring relevant knowledge about students and using that knowledge to inform our course design
and classroom teaching.
2. Aligning the three major components of instruction: learning objectives, assessments, and
instructional activities.
3. Articulating clear expectations regarding learning objectives and policies.
4. Prioritizing the knowledge and skills we choose to focus on.
5. Recognizing and overcoming our expert blind spots(slow down to make sure students understand
the concept).
6. Adopting appropriate teaching roles to support our learning goals.
7. Progressively refining our courses based on reflection and feedback.

11. TEACHING STRATEGIES
1. Knowledge of Teaching:
Sharing knowledge at international conference
Awards
leadership
2. Teaching skills:
Curriculum development
Using appropriate software solution


12. TEACHING STRATEGIES
3. Creativity in Teaching:
21st
educational tools
Innovation in teaching and learning
4. Assessment methods
Mid term exam
Expert review
Creative platform

13. PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING
1. Students' beliefs about intelligence affect their
cognitive functions/ learning.
2. What students already know affects their
learning.
3. Student's cognitive development based on
student's knowledge domain.
4. Learning is based on context(situation/settings);
it needs to be facilitated.
5. Acquiring long-term knowledge and skill is
largely dependent on practice.

14. PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING
6. Clear, explanatory and timely feedback to
students is important for learning.
7. Students' self-regulatory skills (attention
&organization) can be taught.
8. Student creativity can be fostered.
9. Students tend to enjoy learning and to do better,
when they are intrinsically motivated.
10. Students continue in the face of challenging
tasks when they adopt mastery goals.

15. PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING
11. Teachers' expectations affect students' opportunities
learning outcome and motivation.
12. Setting goals that are short term enhances motivation
than long term
13. Learning is situated within multiple social
contexts(families, peer groups, neighborhoods, culture,
beliefs, etc.)
14. Interpersonal relationships and communication are
critical to teaching-learning process

16. PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING
15. Emotional well-being influences educational
performance, learning and development.
16. Expectations for classroom conduct and social
interaction are learned with effective classroom
instruction.
17. Effective classroom management is based on
(a)Setting (b) nurturing positive relationships and
©Providing student support.

17. PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING
18. Formative and summative assessments are
important with different approaches.
19. Student skills, knowledge and abilities are
best measured with assessment processes.
20. Making sense of assessment data depends
on clear, appropriate and fair interpretation.

18. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1.Principle of direction: Goal/Objectives
2. Principle of Learning by Doing: Self-learning
3. Principle of interest and linking with life: By generating interest
4. Principle of definite aim: Aim/Objective.
5. Principle of making provision for individual differences: Abilities,
attitude, socioeconomic background.
6. Principle of selection: Content-Relevant/ concise / learner’s objectives

19. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
7. Principle of planning: lesson plans/ teaching
aids/ methods
8. Principle of division and revision: divided into
small & Practice
9. Principle of creation and recreation:
classroom conducive / creativity.
10. Principle of active participation and
involvement: child centeredness

20. PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
Some psychological principles should be followed by the teachers.
1. Principle of Readiness
2. Principle of Satisfaction and Effect
3. Principle of Attention
4. Principle of Motivation
5. Principle of Group Dynamics
6. Principle of multi-sensory approach
7. Principle of Tolerance, Cooperation and Praise

21. MAXIMS OF TEACHING

From known to unknown

From simple to complex

From concrete to abstract(real life –concept)

From whole to part(overall pic-division)

From particular to general

From direct to indirect(clear info-concept)

From empirical to rational(Experience-logic)

From induction to deduction(examples-new situation)

From analysis to synthesis(division of parts-coming together)

22. FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS

There are three things which are involved in teaching-learning process
i.e. Teacher, Student and Learning Environment.
1. Intellectual Factors: Good Academic performances
2. Learning Factors: learning power and performance
3. Physical Factors: Visuals, health issues, physical defect &
developmental problems
4. Attitude Factors: ability and willingness
5. Environmental Factors: class rooms, text books, equipment, class
mates, instructional material
6. Teacher’s Personality: Leading, inspiring, guiding

23. BARRIERS IN TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
I. LEARNING BARRIERS:
1. Emotional barriers
2. Motivational barriers
3. Personal barriers
II. Barriers to inclusive education:
a. Lack of resources
b. Attitudes and beliefs
c.Limited teacher training
d.Physical barriers
e.Assessment and testing

24. CONCEPT OF LEARNING
Learning: learning is the modification of our ready-made behavior due
to experiences ( Colvin)
CHARECTERISTICS OF LEARNING PROCES:
Personal: Age, gender, language spoken, cultural back ground
Academic: prior knowledge, level of education
Social and emotional: self image, self efficacy, cohesiveness
Cognitive: mental capabilities, intellectual skills, problem solving

25. PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING
♥Practice
♥Active process
♥Guidance
♥Trainee readiness
♥Motivation/ Relevance
♥Reinforcement
♥Standard of performance
♥Feedback/ Evaluation of training

26. LEARNING DOMAINS
♥Cognitive domain, Affective domain, Psychomotor domain

27. LEARNING THEORIES
Learning theories describe the conditions and process through which learning
occurs
Theories are:
1. Behaviorism
2. Cognitive theory
3. Constructivism theory
4. Connectivism theory
5. Humanistic theory

28. LEARNING THEORIES
1. BEHAVIOURISM: Concentrates on the notion that student learn
behaviors and information through external forces in the
environmental rather than internal ones.
Behavioral strategies:
Drills/Training
Guided practice
Regular reviews

29. LEARNING THEORIES
Strengths:
It can be used to formulate behavioral contracts in school/home
Helpful in behavior modification
Success of outcome is easily measurable
Guarantees specific learning
Ease of application
Cueing(prompting) responses to predictable behavior

30. LEARNING THEORIES
Weakness:
It is an exploration of animal behavior into humans
Fails to explain the development of human language
Effect of environment in shaping behavior is not mentioned.
Application of Theory:
The technique of reinforcement and punishment by the teacher in the
class room

31. LEARNING THEORIES
2. COGNITIVE THEORY:
It involves the learner seeing something new, processing it internally and
then acting on it some how
Behavioral strategies:
Discussions
Reflections
Visualizations

32. LEARNING THEORIES
Strengths:
Organized structure to learning: observe-perceive-interpret
Problems broken down in to smaller parts helps to process smaller bits.
Weakness:
Learning is structured so difficult to adapt changes, what has already been processed.
Application of this theory:
It is suited well for problem solving where concepts are broken down in to smaller
parts

33. LEARNING THEORIES
3. CONSTRUCTIVISM THEORY:
It sates that learners create an understanding of new concepts based
on prior knowledge.
Strategies:
Research Projects
Field trip
Experiments

34. LEARNING THEORIES
4. CONNECTIVISM THEORY:
It focus the idea that students learn best by navigating different digital
network using technology and using those networks to learn
information.
Strategies:
Student centered activities(online)
Readily available technology(mobile, laptop)
Social networks

35. LEARNING THEORIES
CONNECTIVISM THEORY:
Strengths:
Are generally relevant to the learner and real world based.
Learners construct knowledge and relate the information to their own experiences,
beliefs, and attitude.
Weakness:
Individual experiences and attitude can vary
Desired outcome may not always be achieved, when different people approach the
problem

36. LEARNING THEORIES
5. HUMANISTIC THEORY:
Students benefit from education when teachers focus on way to teach all
aspects of a child by engaging their social skills, intellect, practical skills and
feeling as part of education.
Learning Strategies:
Cooperative learning
Choice boards(choose subjects)
Differentiated learning (multiple ways of view)