Maps and globes represent the Earth and its features like continents, oceans, rivers, and countries. There are different types of maps including wall maps which are flat, globes which are spherical, and atlases which are books of maps. Maps use lines like the equator and cardinal directions to orient and divide the Earth. The equator divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, while cardinal directions of north, east, south, and west are shown. Relief maps depict land elevations and physical features while political maps show borders and cities.

2. MAPS AND GLOBES
■ Representation of the Earth show 
Continents
Oceans
Rivers
Seas
Lakes
Desert
Mountains
Island
Countries…
WALL MAPS
Is flat
Can see continents and oceans
GLOBE
Is the same shape as the Earth
It is a sphere
ATLAS
Is a book of maps
INTERNET
There are many maps

3. ■ On maps and globes, the Earth has imaginary lines
■ The axis goes from the North Pole to South Pole
■ The Equator goes aroud the middle of the Earth.
Divides the Earth into two parts: the Northern
Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere

4. THE CARDINAL POINTS
Shows the cardinal point: north (N), east (E),
south (S) and west (W)
A COMPASS
Between north and east  north-east (NE)
Between south and east  south-east (SE)
Between north and west  north-west (NW)
Between south and west  south-west (SW)
A compas has a needle (aguja).
This needle is a magnet and the red end always points north.

5. YOU CAN FIND THE CARDINAL POINTS WITHOUT A COMPASS:
Use the Sun.
Spread your arms. Point with your
right hand to where the Sun rises.
Your right hand is pointing east and
your left hand point west.
North is in front of you and South is
behind you.
DURING THE DAY
Use the stars.
Find the Pole Star and stand facing
it. In front of you is north and
behind you is south.
Spread your arms. Your right hand
pointing east and your left hand
pointing west.
DURING THE NIGHT

6. TYPES OF MAPS
MAPS Are smaller representations of a place, so they have a scale.
RELIEF MAP POLITICAL
MAP
Show high land in brown and low
land in green. Rivers are blue lines.
Show borders of a country and its different
regions.
It show the capital with a red dot and
regional capitals with a black dots.

7. ROAD
MAP
Uses different colours for different types
of roads.
Other transport maps show railway lines
in black and airports.

8. STREET MAPS AND PLANS
STREET MAP
Is a map of a town or a city.
It show the position of the streets, squares, parks…
It are divided into SQUARES and have SYMBOLS for important places
A street map is a smaller representation of a town.
To find out real distance we use the scale. 1cm = 10 m

9. PLAN
Represents a room or a building.
It shows the position and size of the furniture or the romos.
It has a scale.

10. EXCERCISES
1. The world can be representates in…
2. A globe has size of…
3. Write the names
1
2
3
4
5
6

11. 4. The Equator divides the Earth in two hemispheres: __________ and ____________.
5. There are three types of maps, which are?
6. A relief maps tells us about…
a. border and cities
b. mountains and rivers
c. roads and railway
1 2
3

12. 7. Unit:
Globe
Wall map
Atlas
Internet
8. What is it? Write the cardinal points.
There are many maps
It is flat
Is a book
It is a sphere