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Unit-I (introduction to nursing).pptx...

The document provides an introduction to nursing, highlighting its definition, scope, and the significant contributions of Florence Nightingale. It outlines various roles, responsibilities, and ethical considerations of nurses, along with the determinants of health and the impact of illness on both individuals and families. Additionally, it discusses the basic human needs and the significance of providing holistic care in nursing practice.

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UNIT-I (INTRODUCTION TO NURSING) GNM FIRSTYEAR SBJUECT - NURSING FOUNDATION BY AKANKSHA KOTANGALE (BSC. NURSING)
INTRODUCTION • Nursing is a service which include ministration to the sick, care of the whole client, the care of the client’s environment, health education and health services to the individual, family and society for the prevention of disease and promotion of health.
CONCEPT OF NURSING • The tasks of Nursing are: 1) To promote health 2)To prevent disease 3)To help ill person to healing (to assist healing) 4)To assist the dying patient to pass away with peace and dignity. (to ease suffering) 5)The client is a holistic human being, including suffering person and healthy person. 6)The Working place is not only in the hospital, but also in family, community and whole society. 7)Nursing is not only a science, but also an art.
MEANING OF NURSING “The term Nursing” has been derived from a LatinWord “nutrix” which means “Nourish”. NURSE Meaning:- N – Nobility U – Usefulness R – Responsibility S – Simplicity E – Efficiency
DEFINITION OF NURSING Definition of nursing byVirginia Henderson-“The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge.” Definition of nursing by the American Nurse Association (ANA)-“Protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’S CONTRIBUTION TO NURSING • Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy on May 12, 1820 and died on August 13, 1910. • EveryYear, International Nurses Day is celebrated on 12th May. • She developed first organized nursing program for nurses in the year 1860 • She started her program in the Nightingale Training School for Nurses at St.Thomas’ Hospital in London. • SheVolunteered herself during Crimean War in the year 1853. • She is knows as “Lady with the Lamp” for taking care of soldiers with lamp at night.
SCOPE OF NURSING • The Scope of nursing practice is defined as the range of roles, functions, responsibilities and activities which registered nurses are educated and authorized to perform. 1. Staff Nurse 2. Ward Sister / Nursing Supervisor 3. Department Supervisor / Assistant Nursing 4. Community Health Nursing 5. Teaching in Nursing 6. Industrial Nursing 7. Military Nursing 8. Nursing Services Abroad 9. Nursing Services Administrative Position.
1) STAFF NURSE •She provide direct patient care to one patient or group of patient. •She assist ward management and supervision. •She is directly responsible to the ward supervisor.
2) WARD SISTER / NURSING SUPERVISOR • She is responsible to the nursing superintendent for the nursing care management. • Takes full charge of the ward.Assign role to nursing and non- nursing worker in the ward. • Responsible for safty and comfort of patient in the ward. • Provide teaching session if it is a teaching Hospital.
3) DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR •She is responsible for nursing care and management of more than ward or unit. Example:- Surgical department, OPD, IPD, Etc.
4) COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING •Community Health Nursing Services mainly Focusing reproductive child health program. Example:- Immunization Schedule, Polio drops, etc.
5)TEACHING IN NURSING • The Functions and Responsibility of teacher in nursing are planning, teaching and supervising the learning experiences for the student. • Positions in nursing education are clinical instructor, tutor, senior tutor, lecture and associate professor and professor in nursing.
6) INDUSTRIAL NURSING •Industrial Nurses are providing first aid care during illness, Health education about industrial hazards and prevention of accidents.
7) MILITARY NURSING •Military nursing services become a part of the Indian army by which means nurse become commissioner officer who are given rank lefinent to major general.
8) NURSING SERVICES ABROAD •Attractive salary gives opportunity which cause a major increase for nursing services in Abroad.
9)NURSING SERVICES ADMINISTRATION POSITION •The highest administrator position on a national level the nursing advices to the Government of India.
FUNCTION / ROLE OF NURSE FUNCTION OF NURSE 1)CARE GIVER 2)DECISION MAKER 3)PROTECTOR 4)CLINICAL ADVOCATE 5)CASE MANAGER 6)REHABILITATOR 7)COMFORTER 8)COMMUNICATOR 9)TEACHER/ EDUCATOR 10)COUNSELL OR
1) CARE GIVER • As a care giver the nurse helps client to regain health through healing process. • She helps the client and the families to set goals and meet those goals. • She preserve dignity of client. • The nurse provide treatment for specific disease and apply measures to restore the emotional and social well being of the client
2)CLINICAL AND ETHICAL DECISION MAKER • Nurse uses critical thinking skills throughout the nursing process to provide effective care. • Nurse makes decision in collaboration with client and family. • She also collaborate and consult with other health professional.
3) PROTECTOR • She provide a safe environment to client. • She takes step to prevents injury to the client. • She protects the client from every possible adverse effect of treatment. • She asks about allergy to medicine or food. • She provides immunization against disease.
4)CLINICAL ADVOCATE • She protect client’s human right and legal right. • She Advocate the client by keeping in mind the clients religions and culture.
5)CASE MANAGER • As a manager nurse co-ordinate the activity of other member of health care team. • She manager the nursing care of not only one client but also a families and in community.
6)REHABILITATOR •Rehabilitation is the process by which individual return to maximum level of functioning after illness, accident and other events.
7)COMFORTER • As a Comforter nurse provides comfort to the client by considering him as an individual with unique feeling and need. • She motivate clients to reach therapeutic goals. • She promotes comfort to client by staying near to the client.
8)COMMUNICATOR • Affective communication is air essential elements of all professional including nursing. • Nursing involves communication with clients and families to other health care professional. • She convey information verbally as well through document. • She report while shifting the client from one unit to another.
9)TEACHER/ EDUCATOR • Teaching refers to the activities by which to the teacher helps to learner to learn. • As a teacher she determine that the client fully understand • She also evaluate clients progress in learning. • She gives health education on diet about prevention measures by disease.
10)COUNSELLOR •Nurse helps the client to recognized and cope with stress full psychiatric or social problems. •She assist the client developing goal interpersonal relationship.
NURSING AS A PROFESSION • Profession:- 1) It is a calling that requires special knowledge, skill and preparation. 2) Profession is defined as “a vocation requiring advanced training and usually involving mental rather than manual work as teaching, engineering, especially medicine, law.” ------(Webster 1989) • A Professional Nurse:- It is a graduate of an recognized nursing school who has met the requirement for a registered nursing in a state in which she is licensed to practice.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROFESSIONAL NURSE • Honesty and loyalty • Discipline and obedience • Alertness and intelligent observation • Technical competence • Adjustability • Ability to inspire confidence • Dignity • Sympathy • Intelligence and common sense • Good physical and mental health.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES • To Promotion, prevention and rehabilitation of health and illness. • To provide promotive , preventive and restorative health services in line with the national health policies and program. • Research • To prevent any complication of treatment.
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF NURSE. • Ph. D. (N) • M. Phil.(N) • M.Sc.(N) • B.Sc.(N) • Certificate/ Diploma Courses • G.N.M • A.N.M Pediatric N. psychaitric N. Arthopedic N. Opthalmic N. Cancer N.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD NURSE • Caring nature • Empathic Attitude • Detail oriented • Emotionally and Physically stable • Hardworking • Quick thinker • Good communication skill • Discipline.
ETHICS IN NURSING • Ethics:- A system of moral principles or standards governing conduct. It concerned with the distinction between right and wrong on the basis of a body of knowledge not only on the basis of opinion. • Nursing Ethics:- A system of principles governing the conduct of a nurse. It deals with the relationship of a nurse to the patient, patient family, fellow nurses and other health team members.
• ETHICAL PRINCIPLES Code that direct nursing actions, they are. 1. Autonomy:- Independence, Self-determination, Self reliance. It is a Greek word “Auto- Self”;“nomy-Law” .(freedom of action) Example:- Administering medication, CPR, care providing, Monitoring vitals, vaccination. 2. Nonmaleficence:- Cause no harm to another. Example:- overmedication(Avoid over dose of painkiller to refuse addiction) 3. Beneficence:- Actively seeking benefits, Promotion of Goods. Example:- Organ transplantation, Scholarship program.
CONTI………. 4. Justice:- Equity or Fairness. Example:- Give same care to all patients among the grp of patient in hospital without biased. 5. Veracity:-The obligation to tell the truth. Example:- If a patient is starting chemotherapy, a nurse who practices veracity will be honest about the side effects they can expect. 6. Fidelity:-The duty to do what one has promised. Example:- A nurse who tells a patient they will return in 30 min to check on their pain should either return themselves.
HEALTH AND DISEASE • Definition of Health:- “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.” ------ (WHO in 1948) • Definition of Disease:- “A condition in which body health is impaired, departure from a state of health, an alteration of the even body interrupting the performance of vital functions.” ------(Webster)
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH • The factors that determine Health status are known as determinants of Health and can be classified into 4 categories. All determinants Biological determinants Behavioural determinants Physical environment determinants Social determinants
CONTI…….. 1. Biological determinants:- Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as: Genetics, Hormones, Body weight, Blood pressure, Cholesterol, Birth weight. 2. Behavioural determinants:- Actions or patterns of living of an individual or group that impact on health, Such as: Smoking, sexual activity, eating practices, alcohol consumption, Physical activity. 3. Social determinants:- Aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as: Poverty, early life experiences, social networks.
CONTI…… 4. Physical environment determinants:- The physical surroundings in which we live, work and play. It includes water, air, housing, roads, climate, work environment.
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS • Introduction:- Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy of basic human needs(1968). Maslow’s hierarchy of need is a model that nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs.
NINE HUMAN BASIC NEEDS . Security Adventure Freedom Exchange Power Expansion Acceptance community Expression
CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC NEEDS:- • Its absence results in illness. • Its Presence helps prevent illness. • Meeting it restores health. • It is preferred over other satisfaction when unmet.
• MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Maslow arranged the hierarchy to show that certain needs are more basic than others.Although all people having the needs all the time, people generally strive to meet certain of the needs before attending to other needs. • According to Maslow, the 5 levels of motives from bottom to the top of the hierarchy are:- 1. Physiological need 2. Safety and security needs 3. Need for love and belongingness. 4. Self-esteem needs 5. Self actualization.
ILLNESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUALS • Illness:- 1)An illness is the response, the person has to disease. 2) It is an abnormal process in which the persons level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. 3) Person physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental or spiritual functioning is diminished. 4) Illness is highly subjective; only the individual person can say he or she is ill.
STAGES OF ILLNESS BEHAVIOUR • Edward suchman(1972) identified stages of illness behaviour. There are 5 stages of illness behaviour are as follows: 1) Symptoms Experience 2) Assumption of the sick role 3) Medical care contact 4) Dependent patient role 5) Recovery and Rehabilitation
CONTI……. 1. Symptoms Experience:- - Awareness of Physical changes. - Pain, rashes, lump, etc,. 2. Assumption of sick role:- - Accept sick role and seek confirmation - Self treatment - Excuses - Emotional responses
CONTI… 3. Medical care contact:- - Seek professional advice - Accept or deny diagnosis - Follow the treatment plan 4. Dependent client role:- - Dependent for professional help - Accept their dependence on the primary care provider.
CONTI…. 5. Recovery and Rehabilitation:- - Relinquish the dependent role - Resume former roles and responsibilities - Acute illness( Short term)- recovery fast - Chronic illness(Long term)- recovery difficult.
ILLNESS IMPACT ON THE CLIENT 1. Experience behavioural and emotional changes - Irritable - Anger - Withdrawal - Denial - Hopelessness - Powerlessness - Lack of energy - Fear
CONTI… 2. Changes in body image - Loss of limp - Severe scar - Loss of special organ 3. Changes in self concept - Loss of self esteem - Loss of self concept
CONTI… 4. Changes in life style - Diet - Activity - Rest and sleep - Exercise
ILLNESS IMPACT ON FAMILY MEMBER • Role changes • Stress • Financial problems • Loneliness • Change in social customs.
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