This document provides information about the Union Parliament of India, which is the supreme legislative body composed of the President and two houses - Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
It discusses the composition and roles of Lok Sabha, including its elections, term, qualifications for members, vacation of seats, and the role of the Speaker. Procedures of Lok Sabha like sessions, quorum, question hour, motions and zero hour are also summarized.
Information provided on Rajya Sabha includes its composition, elections, term and qualifications. The document concludes with acknowledging sources used.
The Council of States, also known as the Rajya Sabha, represents the interests of India's 29 states and 6 union territories. Representatives are elected by state legislative assemblies based on population size, with a few representatives chosen from union territories as determined by Parliament. Members must be at least 30 years old and cannot hold any government office or be a proclaimed offender. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the members retiring every 2 years. The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
This document provides information on the President and Vice President of India. It discusses the qualifications, election process, term of office and powers of both roles. The President is indirectly elected by an Electoral College consisting of MPs and MLAs to a 5-year term. Key powers include executive, legislative, financial, judicial and emergency powers. The Vice President takes over if the President is unable to serve and acts as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, regulating debates and proceedings.
The document discusses the legislature in India, which consists of two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The Rajya Sabha is the upper house with a maximum of 250 members elected by state legislatures for six-year terms. The Lok Sabha is the lower house with a maximum of 552 members elected by direct adult suffrage for five-year terms. Key functions of the two houses include introducing and passing bills, with the Lok Sabha playing a dominant role in financial matters.
The document discusses the structure and composition of state legislatures in India. It outlines that some states have bicameral legislatures consisting of a Legislative Assembly (lower house) and Legislative Council (upper house). The Legislative Assembly is comprised of elected members representing territorial constituencies. It has powers to make laws on matters in the state and concurrent lists. The Legislative Council consists of members elected by different groups like local bodies, graduates and teachers. It is a permanent body with 1/3 of its members retiring every 2 years. Both houses have presiding officers and certain powers to conduct proceedings and pass laws.
Prime minister and the council of ministerskarthikgangula
icse class 10 chapter prime minister and the council of ministers
topics included are under the further reduced syllabus
Appointment, the formation of Council of ministers, tenure;
Position and powers of the Prime Minister.
Collective and individual responsibility of the members of the Cabinet.
The distinction between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet.
Lok Sabha (House of the People)
545 members
2 are appointed by the President of India
the rest are directly elected from single-member districts
5-year terms unless dissolved
Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer
the Speaker
The document summarizes key aspects of the Indian Parliament, which consists of the President and two houses - the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) and Lok Sabha (Lower House). The Rajya Sabha has a maximum of 250 members elected by state assemblies for 6-year terms with one-third retiring every 2 years. The Lok Sabha has a maximum of 550 members elected directly by the people for 5-year terms. Both houses oversee the introduction, committee review, and voting of bills, which then go to the President to become law if signed.
This document provides information on the President and Vice President of India. It discusses the qualifications, election process, term of office and powers of both roles. The President is indirectly elected by an Electoral College consisting of MPs and MLAs to a 5-year term. Key powers include executive, legislative, financial, judicial, discretionary and emergency powers. The Vice President assumes the role of President if the President is unable to serve and acts as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, regulating debates and proceedings.
The Council of States, also known as the Rajya Sabha, represents the interests of India's 29 states and 6 union territories. Representatives are elected by state legislative assemblies based on population size, with a few representatives chosen from union territories as determined by Parliament. Members must be at least 30 years old and cannot hold any government office or be a proclaimed offender. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the members retiring every 2 years. The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
This document provides information on the President and Vice President of India. It discusses the qualifications, election process, term of office and powers of both roles. The President is indirectly elected by an Electoral College consisting of MPs and MLAs to a 5-year term. Key powers include executive, legislative, financial, judicial and emergency powers. The Vice President takes over if the President is unable to serve and acts as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, regulating debates and proceedings.
The document discusses the legislature in India, which consists of two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The Rajya Sabha is the upper house with a maximum of 250 members elected by state legislatures for six-year terms. The Lok Sabha is the lower house with a maximum of 552 members elected by direct adult suffrage for five-year terms. Key functions of the two houses include introducing and passing bills, with the Lok Sabha playing a dominant role in financial matters.
The document discusses the structure and composition of state legislatures in India. It outlines that some states have bicameral legislatures consisting of a Legislative Assembly (lower house) and Legislative Council (upper house). The Legislative Assembly is comprised of elected members representing territorial constituencies. It has powers to make laws on matters in the state and concurrent lists. The Legislative Council consists of members elected by different groups like local bodies, graduates and teachers. It is a permanent body with 1/3 of its members retiring every 2 years. Both houses have presiding officers and certain powers to conduct proceedings and pass laws.
Prime minister and the council of ministerskarthikgangula
icse class 10 chapter prime minister and the council of ministers
topics included are under the further reduced syllabus
Appointment, the formation of Council of ministers, tenure;
Position and powers of the Prime Minister.
Collective and individual responsibility of the members of the Cabinet.
The distinction between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet.
Lok Sabha (House of the People)
545 members
2 are appointed by the President of India
the rest are directly elected from single-member districts
5-year terms unless dissolved
Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer
the Speaker
The document summarizes key aspects of the Indian Parliament, which consists of the President and two houses - the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) and Lok Sabha (Lower House). The Rajya Sabha has a maximum of 250 members elected by state assemblies for 6-year terms with one-third retiring every 2 years. The Lok Sabha has a maximum of 550 members elected directly by the people for 5-year terms. Both houses oversee the introduction, committee review, and voting of bills, which then go to the President to become law if signed.
This document provides information on the President and Vice President of India. It discusses the qualifications, election process, term of office and powers of both roles. The President is indirectly elected by an Electoral College consisting of MPs and MLAs to a 5-year term. Key powers include executive, legislative, financial, judicial, discretionary and emergency powers. The Vice President assumes the role of President if the President is unable to serve and acts as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, regulating debates and proceedings.
This document provides information about the structure and functions of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian parliament. It outlines that the Lok Sabha has 552 members elected from 543 constituencies across India. It details the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha, as well as the roles and powers of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha in regulating proceedings, maintaining order, and overseeing the administrative functions of the house.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and exercises executive authority in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is generally the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister's powers include forming the Council of Ministers, directing policy, and overseeing important appointments, though these are made by the President. The Council of Ministers aids the Prime Minister in developing and implementing policy and administering government departments and programs.
The document provides information about the Union Parliament in India. It discusses that the Union Parliament comprises of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected by state assemblies. Together they form a bicameral legislature. The document also outlines the powers and functions of the Union Parliament like lawmaking, financial matters, executive control, and more.
This document provides information about the Union Parliament of India, which is the supreme legislative body composed of the President and two houses - Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
It discusses the composition and roles of Lok Sabha, including its election process, term length, qualifications for members, and the role and powers of the Speaker. Procedures of Lok Sabha like sessions, quorum, question hour, motions and zero hour are also summarized.
Information about Rajya Sabha such as its composition, elections and the Speaker is also briefly outlined. The relationship between the Union Parliament and the federal structure of government in India is defined.
The document summarizes the role and process of the legislative branch of government in the United States. It explains that Congress is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives and their role is to create laws. It provides details on the composition of Congress including number of members, terms, and qualifications. The process of how a bill becomes a law is outlined involving introduction, committee review, votes in both houses, and potential presidential approval or veto.
The document outlines the structure of the state executive in India. It discusses the roles of the Governor, Chief Minister, and Council of Ministers. The Governor is the nominal executive head of the state and represents the central government. The real executive authority lies with the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers, who are responsible for the day-to-day administration of the state. The Chief Minister exercises significant powers as the head of the ruling party and head of the Council of Ministers.
The document outlines several key parliamentary procedures in India:
1. Members of Parliament must take an oath before participating in proceedings.
2. A quorum of 10% of members is required to conduct business.
3. The Speaker can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie.
4. The first hour of each sitting is reserved for questions to the government.
Legislative powers of Parliament include making laws, amending the constitution, and approving the budget and other financial matters. Bills must pass several stages, including committee review, before becoming law with the President's assent.
What is Rajya Sabah. What are its powers, Functions and activities? How is it related with Lok Sabha? all the questions have been answered in the presentation.
The British constitution is not codified in a single document but can be found across various sources. It allows flexibility but some argue it should be codified for public access. Key principles include parliamentary supremacy, rule of law, and separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. However, membership in the EU and international treaties have also impacted the UK legal system.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and exercises executive authority in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is generally the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister's powers include forming the Council of Ministers, directing policy, and overseeing important appointments, though these are made by the President. The Council of Ministers aids the Prime Minister in developing and implementing policy and running the administration.
The parliamentary system is a form of government where the legislature or parliament is the supreme body, and the executive branch derives its power from and is accountable to the legislature. Key features include a stable majority government, collective and individual ministerial responsibility, the prime minister as the leader of the government, and mutual toleration between political parties. While it has advantages like cooperation between the parliament and cabinet and responsiveness to public opinion, it also has potential drawbacks like cabinet dictatorship, unstable governments without a majority, and difficulty forming governments in multiparty systems. Overall, parliamentary government is considered better than other systems because the cabinet must maintain the support of parliament.
Chief minister and his council of ministersnehawadekar1
This document discusses the roles and responsibilities of the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers in the state executive. It begins by introducing the nominal and real executive in the state - the Governor and Chief Minister respectively. It then outlines that the Chief Minister heads the Council of Ministers in advising the Governor. The Chief Minister appoints other Ministers and holds office at the Governor's pleasure. Key powers of the Chief Minister include advising on appointments, allocating portfolios, presiding over cabinet meetings, and being the main liaison between the government and legislature. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the legislative assembly.
The document discusses the 1804 Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison, which established the principle of judicial review by declaring that the Supreme Court has the power to invalidate laws and executive actions that it finds unconstitutional. It also discusses the debate between President Jefferson, who believed elected officials should interpret the Constitution, and Chief Justice John Marshall, who argued the Court was best suited to make such determinations. The document provides background on the structure and role of the Supreme Court as the highest court in the US.
This is a power point presentation on the topic "THE UNION PARLIAMENT". It includes :
The Lok Sabha
The Rajya Sabh
The President
And some good animated slides
Hope You Like it
Regards
:)
The document provides information on legislatures in three paragraphs. It begins by defining the legislature as the most important organ of government that is primarily concerned with lawmaking. It notes the legislature provides the basis for the executive and judiciary to function. The second paragraph discusses unicameral legislatures that have a single legislative chamber, providing examples like Greece and Finland. The third paragraph discusses bicameral legislatures that have two chambers, with examples like India, UK, and USA. It provides a high-level overview of the key types of legislatures and their basic functions.
Learning about the Parts of Parliament and its functions in a Representative democracy.
The Parliament has been advisedly charged with the power and the duty of enforcing the ‘obligation of the minister to follow the directions given in the Instrument of Instructions’ and ‘to compel the ministry to give proper advice to the President
Constitution of india- A melting pot of constitutionsPrati Jain
The presentation talks about the formation of indian constitution, focusing on its various aspects as being inspired from various other constitutions of world. It was a class assignment. :)
working of institution for class 9th . it contains information regarding the chapter of civics of class 9 WORKING OF INSTITUTION . download it now and animation of all slides is there , hope u like it
The Legislative Branch - How Congress is OrganizedStephen Veliz
The document discusses the organization and structure of the United States Congress. It is divided into two chambers, the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate has 100 members with two seats per state and longer terms, while the House has 435 members allocated among the states based on population and shorter terms. Each chamber is further divided into majority and minority parties that elect leadership positions like Speaker of the House and Majority Leader. Congress also utilizes committees to handle specialized work.
The document provides information about the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. It discusses that the Lok Sabha has 552 members who are directly elected by the people of India. It outlines the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha, the powers of the Lok Sabha including introducing no-confidence motions and money bills. It also describes the procedures of the Lok Sabha like question hour, sessions, and the main businesses of legislation, finance, and motions. Finally, it discusses the key officers like the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the role of the Lok Sabha Secretariat.
This document provides information about the structure and functions of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian parliament. It outlines that the Lok Sabha has 552 members elected from 543 constituencies across India. It details the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha, as well as the roles and powers of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha in regulating proceedings, maintaining order, and overseeing the administrative functions of the house.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and exercises executive authority in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is generally the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister's powers include forming the Council of Ministers, directing policy, and overseeing important appointments, though these are made by the President. The Council of Ministers aids the Prime Minister in developing and implementing policy and administering government departments and programs.
The document provides information about the Union Parliament in India. It discusses that the Union Parliament comprises of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected by state assemblies. Together they form a bicameral legislature. The document also outlines the powers and functions of the Union Parliament like lawmaking, financial matters, executive control, and more.
This document provides information about the Union Parliament of India, which is the supreme legislative body composed of the President and two houses - Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
It discusses the composition and roles of Lok Sabha, including its election process, term length, qualifications for members, and the role and powers of the Speaker. Procedures of Lok Sabha like sessions, quorum, question hour, motions and zero hour are also summarized.
Information about Rajya Sabha such as its composition, elections and the Speaker is also briefly outlined. The relationship between the Union Parliament and the federal structure of government in India is defined.
The document summarizes the role and process of the legislative branch of government in the United States. It explains that Congress is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives and their role is to create laws. It provides details on the composition of Congress including number of members, terms, and qualifications. The process of how a bill becomes a law is outlined involving introduction, committee review, votes in both houses, and potential presidential approval or veto.
The document outlines the structure of the state executive in India. It discusses the roles of the Governor, Chief Minister, and Council of Ministers. The Governor is the nominal executive head of the state and represents the central government. The real executive authority lies with the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers, who are responsible for the day-to-day administration of the state. The Chief Minister exercises significant powers as the head of the ruling party and head of the Council of Ministers.
The document outlines several key parliamentary procedures in India:
1. Members of Parliament must take an oath before participating in proceedings.
2. A quorum of 10% of members is required to conduct business.
3. The Speaker can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie.
4. The first hour of each sitting is reserved for questions to the government.
Legislative powers of Parliament include making laws, amending the constitution, and approving the budget and other financial matters. Bills must pass several stages, including committee review, before becoming law with the President's assent.
What is Rajya Sabah. What are its powers, Functions and activities? How is it related with Lok Sabha? all the questions have been answered in the presentation.
The British constitution is not codified in a single document but can be found across various sources. It allows flexibility but some argue it should be codified for public access. Key principles include parliamentary supremacy, rule of law, and separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. However, membership in the EU and international treaties have also impacted the UK legal system.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and exercises executive authority in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is generally the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister's powers include forming the Council of Ministers, directing policy, and overseeing important appointments, though these are made by the President. The Council of Ministers aids the Prime Minister in developing and implementing policy and running the administration.
The parliamentary system is a form of government where the legislature or parliament is the supreme body, and the executive branch derives its power from and is accountable to the legislature. Key features include a stable majority government, collective and individual ministerial responsibility, the prime minister as the leader of the government, and mutual toleration between political parties. While it has advantages like cooperation between the parliament and cabinet and responsiveness to public opinion, it also has potential drawbacks like cabinet dictatorship, unstable governments without a majority, and difficulty forming governments in multiparty systems. Overall, parliamentary government is considered better than other systems because the cabinet must maintain the support of parliament.
Chief minister and his council of ministersnehawadekar1
This document discusses the roles and responsibilities of the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers in the state executive. It begins by introducing the nominal and real executive in the state - the Governor and Chief Minister respectively. It then outlines that the Chief Minister heads the Council of Ministers in advising the Governor. The Chief Minister appoints other Ministers and holds office at the Governor's pleasure. Key powers of the Chief Minister include advising on appointments, allocating portfolios, presiding over cabinet meetings, and being the main liaison between the government and legislature. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the legislative assembly.
The document discusses the 1804 Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison, which established the principle of judicial review by declaring that the Supreme Court has the power to invalidate laws and executive actions that it finds unconstitutional. It also discusses the debate between President Jefferson, who believed elected officials should interpret the Constitution, and Chief Justice John Marshall, who argued the Court was best suited to make such determinations. The document provides background on the structure and role of the Supreme Court as the highest court in the US.
This is a power point presentation on the topic "THE UNION PARLIAMENT". It includes :
The Lok Sabha
The Rajya Sabh
The President
And some good animated slides
Hope You Like it
Regards
:)
The document provides information on legislatures in three paragraphs. It begins by defining the legislature as the most important organ of government that is primarily concerned with lawmaking. It notes the legislature provides the basis for the executive and judiciary to function. The second paragraph discusses unicameral legislatures that have a single legislative chamber, providing examples like Greece and Finland. The third paragraph discusses bicameral legislatures that have two chambers, with examples like India, UK, and USA. It provides a high-level overview of the key types of legislatures and their basic functions.
Learning about the Parts of Parliament and its functions in a Representative democracy.
The Parliament has been advisedly charged with the power and the duty of enforcing the ‘obligation of the minister to follow the directions given in the Instrument of Instructions’ and ‘to compel the ministry to give proper advice to the President
Constitution of india- A melting pot of constitutionsPrati Jain
The presentation talks about the formation of indian constitution, focusing on its various aspects as being inspired from various other constitutions of world. It was a class assignment. :)
working of institution for class 9th . it contains information regarding the chapter of civics of class 9 WORKING OF INSTITUTION . download it now and animation of all slides is there , hope u like it
The Legislative Branch - How Congress is OrganizedStephen Veliz
The document discusses the organization and structure of the United States Congress. It is divided into two chambers, the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate has 100 members with two seats per state and longer terms, while the House has 435 members allocated among the states based on population and shorter terms. Each chamber is further divided into majority and minority parties that elect leadership positions like Speaker of the House and Majority Leader. Congress also utilizes committees to handle specialized work.
The document provides information about the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. It discusses that the Lok Sabha has 552 members who are directly elected by the people of India. It outlines the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha, the powers of the Lok Sabha including introducing no-confidence motions and money bills. It also describes the procedures of the Lok Sabha like question hour, sessions, and the main businesses of legislation, finance, and motions. Finally, it discusses the key officers like the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the role of the Lok Sabha Secretariat.
The document summarizes key aspects of the President and Governor's roles according to the Indian Constitution. It discusses that the President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term and acts as the executive head and supreme commander. The Governor is appointed by the President to act as the representative of the central government in each state, exercising executive, legislative and judicial powers analogous to the President but without certain powers like diplomacy or emergencies. The Governor acts on the aid and advice of the state council of ministers who are responsible to the state legislative assembly.
The executive branch of the Indian government is led by the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. Key elements of the executive include:
- The Prime Minister is the head of the government and exercises executive authority. They are elected by the Lok Sabha and appoint the Council of Ministers.
- The President is the formal head of state but acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.
- The Council of Ministers aids and advises the President in policymaking and governance. It is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
- The civil service, led by the IAS, implements policies and ensures day-to-day administration under the political executive.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, providing leadership, coordinating policies, and overseeing the functions of various departments and ministries.
The document discusses the need for and functions of legislatures and parliaments. It provides details on:
1) The main functions of legislatures are law making and holding the executive accountable. Parliaments are forums for open debate and are most representative of the people.
2) Legislatures can be unicameral with one house or bicameral with two houses like India which has the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Two houses allow for more regional representation.
3) The legislative procedure in India's Parliament involves a bill being introduced, reviewed by a committee, debated and voted on in two readings in each house, and receiving the President's assent to become law. The Parliament controls
NIOS STD X 10TH, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Ch 19 & ch 20 governance at the state levelSajina Nair
The document summarizes governance at the state level in India. It outlines that the governor is the nominal head of the state, but the real power lies with the chief minister and council of ministers. It describes the qualifications and powers of the governor and chief minister. It also discusses the structure, composition, and functions of state legislatures, including legislative assemblies and councils. It provides details about high courts, their jurisdiction, and qualifications for judges.
1) Parliament consists of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house elected by the people, while the Rajya Sabha is the upper house with members elected by state assemblies.
2) Parliament was established to give Indians a voice in government after colonial rule, allow representation of all people, and reduce the risk of dictatorship.
3) The key roles of Parliament are to select the national government, provide oversight of the government, and make laws through different types of bills.
The document provides an agenda and schedule for a Youth Parliament event being held on November 23rd and 24th, 2022 to discuss rising unemployment in India and the Agneepath scheme. The event will include an opening of the house, roll call, opening statements from members of parliament, a public session for general discussion, a question hour, a zero hour on the second day for raising additional issues, and a closing session. The document outlines the procedures, points of order, and rules for participants, including maintaining anonymity and adhering to dress code and decorum. Results will be announced at the end of the event and winners will receive cash prizes and certificates.
DescriptionThe Supreme Court of India is the premier judicial court under the Constitution of India. It is the highest constitutional court and has the power of judicial review.
Preliminary Exam, Main Exam, Interview
Higher Posts: Main Exam, Interview
Training: Foundation Course at LBSNAA, Mussoorie
Probation: 2 years
Bureaucracy
- The legislative branch of the Indian government consists of the two houses of parliament - the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected indirectly by state assemblies.
- The Lok Sabha has powers such as approving ordinances issued by the president and changing state boundaries. The Rajya Sabha acts as a revisionary house that balances the Lok Sabha and represents vulnerable sections through proportional representation.
The document provides an overview of the office of the Indian President based on key articles of the Indian Constitution. It discusses that the President is the head of the Union Executive and a part of Parliament. Some key points covered include that the President has a 5-year term, qualifications for election include Indian citizenship and age of 35, and impeachment of a President requires a 2/3 majority in both houses of Parliament. The role of the Vice President to discharge presidential functions in the event of a vacancy or absence is also summarized.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Union Government of India including the Union Legislature (Parliament), Executive, and Cabinet. It describes that the Parliament consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected for 5-year terms. The Rajya Sabha has members elected for 6-year terms. The Union Executive is headed by the President and Prime Minister. The Prime Minister leads the Council of Ministers (Cabinet) and allocates portfolios to ministers who head government departments.
The document discusses the Union Government of India. It describes the key components of the Union Legislature (Parliament), which consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. It provides details on the qualifications, roles, and powers of the President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers (Cabinet). The Prime Minister is the head of the government and selects the Council of Ministers. The President appoints the Prime Minister and Ministers per the Prime Minister's recommendations.
The document discusses the powers and functions of the President and Prime Minister of India. It covers:
- The President's executive, legislative, financial, emergency and other powers.
- The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and advises the President on key appointments. As the leader of the Lok Sabha, the Prime Minister guides the administration.
- The relationship between the President and Prime Minister is defined in the Constitution - the President exercises powers on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.
The document discusses the powers and functions of the President and Prime Minister of India. It covers:
- The President's executive, legislative, financial, emergency and other powers.
- The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and advises the President on key appointments. As the leader of the Lok Sabha, the Prime Minister guides the administration of the Union.
- The relationship between the President and Prime Minister is defined in the Constitution - the President exercises powers on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.
Preliminary Exam, Main Exam, Interview
Higher Posts: Main Exam, Interview
Training:
Foundation Course at LBSNAA, Mussoorie
Probation:
2 years probation period
Bureaucracy
ChatGPT is an AI language model that can generate human-like responses. This document discusses ChatGPT's potential impacts on access, efficiency, employment, and education based on a literature review. It highlights benefits of ChatGPT in healthcare, education, and business, but also acknowledges limitations and need for ethical guidelines due to job impacts and privacy issues. The impact depends on how ChatGPT is applied and social factors. Policy recommendations include ethical standards, reskilling programs, and balancing machine learning with human judgment.
The document summarizes key information about the Parliament of India. It has two houses - Lok Sabha, the lower house, and Rajya Sabha, the upper house. Lok Sabha has 545 elected members who have a term of 5 years, while Rajya Sabha has up to 250 members with one-third retiring every 2 years. The Parliament meets in three sessions annually and performs legislative and oversight functions. Key officials like the President, Vice President, and leaders of both houses are also outlined.
The Election Commission of India is responsible for administering elections in the country. It consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. The key functions of the Commission include being the guardian of free and fair elections through measures like the Model Code of Conduct, registering political parties, setting limits on election expenses, and prohibiting the publication of opinion polls. It also has quasi-judicial powers. The Commission aims to ensure that elections are held regularly and democratically through a large election machinery across states.
This document discusses peace-building and its relationship to sustainable development. It defines peace-building as outside interventions designed to prevent conflict by creating sustainable peace. Peace-building addresses root causes of violence, creates expectations for peaceful conflict resolution, and stabilizes societies politically and economically. It differs from peace-making, which stops ongoing conflicts, and peace-keeping, which only prevents conflict resumption. Peace-building must address functional structures, emotional conditions, social psychology, social stability, rule of law, and cultural sensitivities. It involves disarming combatants, rebuilding infrastructure, developing rule of law and institutions, counseling, community dialogue, and promoting economic development and civil society. Sustainable development contributes to reducing poverty, inequalities,
J and K Combined Competitive (Preliminary) Examination 2023 Provisional Answe...NASIR14SPHL07
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
The Crusades were a series of holy wars launched by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of regaining control of holy sites in Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Jerusalem was an important religious site for Christians, Muslims, and Jews. In 1071, Muslim Seljuk Turks stopped allowing Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem, prompting Pope Gregory VII to plan a crusade. Although Gregory died before launching it, subsequent popes called for additional crusades over the next two centuries, with varying degrees of success in retaking Jerusalem but ultimately failing to maintain permanent Christian control of the region.
This document outlines an assignment on conflict management. It begins with an introduction that defines conflict and notes that differences among team members can lead to conflict but also strengthen teams. The document then covers various views of conflict, sources of conflict, characteristics of conflict, functional and dysfunctional conflict, levels and types of conflict, and ways to manage conflict including avoidance, competition, accommodation, compromise and collaboration. It provides tips for managing conflict such as avoiding implying others are wrong and treating others with respect. The conclusion recommends understanding personal triggers for conflict and being aware of others' buttons.
This document discusses conflict management and resolution. It provides guidance on using a strengths-based, solution-focused approach in conflict interviews. Key points include acknowledging all perspectives, focusing on progress over perfection, and building on what works well. The importance of understanding others' feelings and accepting responsibility is emphasized. Questions are suggested to help move conflicts in a positive direction and increase cooperation. Similarities and differences between this approach and restorative justice practices are outlined. The document concludes by offering resources for further support.
This document discusses organizational conflict and types of conflict. It defines conflict and outlines sources and types of conflict including individual, group, organizational, intra-individual, and inter-individual conflict. The document also discusses functional and dysfunctional conflict, explaining how functional conflict can benefit an organization while dysfunctional conflict is disadvantageous. Finally, the effects of conflict, both positive and negative, are described along with procedures for resolving conflict such as diagnosis, conflict handling modes, and mutual problem solving.
Democracy is defined as a form of government where supreme power is held by the people, who exercise their power directly or through elected representatives. Key aspects of democracy include periodic free elections, political equality, participation in decision making, protection of civil liberties, and majority rule balanced by protection of minority rights. However, Indian democracy faces ongoing challenges from issues like corruption, casteism, and communalism that can undermine its principles if not adequately addressed.
This document discusses peace-building and its relationship to sustainable development. It defines peace-building as outside interventions designed to prevent conflict by creating sustainable peace. Peace-building addresses root causes of violence, creates expectations for peaceful conflict resolution, and stabilizes societies politically and economically. It differs from peace-making, which stops ongoing conflicts, and peace-keeping, which only prevents conflict resumption. Peace-building must address functional structures, emotional conditions, social psychology, social stability, rule of law, and cultural sensitivities. It involves three dimensions: reintegrating combatants, rebuilding basic infrastructure, and addressing trauma, community relations, human rights, and economic development. Sustainable development contributes to reducing primary causes of conflict like poverty and
The Indian Constitution contains procedures for amendment that balance flexibility and rigidity. Some articles can be amended by simple majority vote in Parliament, while others require a special majority of 2/3 of members present and voting, and sometimes also ratification by half of state legislatures. The amendment process begins with a bill introduced in either house of Parliament and passed by both houses. An amendment is then presented to the President for assent before coming into effect. The Supreme Court has ruled that amendments cannot alter the basic structure of the Constitution, such as its secular and democratic principles. Critics argue the amendment process could be improved by increasing states' role and requiring public consultation.
This document discusses conflict management and resolution. It defines conflict as a disagreement, struggle, or fight between incompatible elements. Conflict can have both positive and negative consequences. Positively, it can increase creativity, clarify views, and create social change. Negatively, it can lead to violence, broken relationships, and communication breakdowns. The main sources of conflict include aggressive behavior, limited resources, frustration, clashing values and interests, cultural differences, misinformation, roles and status issues, and triggers. The document provides strategies for managing conflict successfully, including active listening, empathy, understanding other perspectives, compromise, and finding win-win solutions that satisfy all parties.
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
Preliminary findings _OECD field visits to ten regions in the TSI EU mining r...OECDregions
Preliminary findings from OECD field visits for the project: Enhancing EU Mining Regional Ecosystems to Support the Green Transition and Secure Mineral Raw Materials Supply.
About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).Christina Parmionova
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
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This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
3. INDEX
LOK
SABHA
RAJYA
SABHA
CONCLUSION
LOK SABHA :
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ELECTIONS
3. TERM
4. COMPOSITION
5. QUALIFICATION & DISQUALIFICATION
6. VACATION OF SEATS
7. PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURES
8. TYPES OF MOTION
9. SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
10.ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE
SPEAKER
6. AKNOWLEDGEMENT
In preparation of my assignment, I had to take the help and guidance
of some respected persons, who deserve my deepest gratitude. As the
completion of this assignment gave me much pleasure, I would like to
show my gratitude Your Teacher’s Name, Course Instructor, on Texas
University for giving me a good guidelines for assignment throughout
numerous consultations. I would also like to expand my gratitude to all
those who have directly and indirectly guided me in writing this
assignment.
7. INTRODUCTION
• The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is
a bicameral legislature composed of the President of India and the two houses: the Rajya
Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
• The President in his role as head of legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either
house of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.
• The Members of Parliament, Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian citizen voting in Single-
member districts and the Members of Parliament, Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of
all State Legislative
8. FEDRAL SET-UP OF GOVERNMENT
FEDRAL SET-UP
Union/Central
Government
State
Government
Hence called as BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE
10. LOK SABHA
• Lok Sabha (House of the People) or the lower house has
545 members.
• 543 members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis
of universal adult franchise representing Parliamentary
constituencies across the country
• 2 members are appointed by the President of India from the Anglo-
Indian Community.
11. TERM & COMPOSITION
1. Term
• According to constitution the term of the Lok
Sabha is 5 Years.
• However, It can be dissolved before the expiry
of its normal term by The President on the
advice of the Prime Minister.
• Its term could be extended by Parliament for
one year, in case of Emergency.
2. Composition
• Maximum Strength(By CONSTITUTION) :
552
• Not more than 530 members shall represent
the states
• Not more than 20 members shall represent the
Union Territories
• 2 members are appointed by the President of
India from the Anglo-Indian Community.
Current Lok Sabha
Consists of542
Members
12. QUALIFICATION & DISQUALIFICATION
1. Qualification
• He should be an Indian Citizen.
• He should be at least 25 years of age.
• He should have his name in the electoral rolls
in some part of the country.
• He should not be an insolvent.
• He should not hold any office of profit under
the government.
• He should not be a proclaimed criminal.
• He should not be of unsound mind.
2. Disqualification
• If he holds any office of profit under the
Government of India or the Government of
any state.
• If he is of unsound mind and stands so
declared by a competent court.
• If he is an undischarged insolvent.
• If he is not a citizen of India or has voluntarily
acquired citizenship of a foreign state.
• If he is so disqualified by or under any law
made by the parliament.
13. VACATION OF SEATS
• When the holder of the seat, by writing to the speaker, resigns.
• When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the
House, without prior permission of the Speaker.
• When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the
Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament.
• A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the 'Anti-
Defection Law‘
• When the holder of the seat is already a member of the State Legislature and is elected
to the Parliament, he has to vacate his seat in the State Legislature or vice-versa
15. SESSIONS
• The President summons each House of Parliament.
• Each House shall meet at least twice a year
• The interval between two consecutive sessions shall be less than 6 months
• Normally there are three sessions : 1. the Budget Session (February-May)
2. the Monsoon Session (July-August)
3. the Winter Session (November-December)
16. QUORUM
• The quorum means the minimum number of members required to be present in order
to enable the House to transact its business.
• The quorum of Lok Sabha is 1/10 of the total membership
• This means that the house cannot conduct its proceedings and pass bills and
resolutions without the presence of at least one-tenth of its total membership
• The speaker may adjourn the house or suspend the meeting until there is a requisite
quorum
17. QUESTION HOUR
• The first hour on every working day of the Lok Sabha is reserved for questions, This is
known as Question Hour.
• The speaker can decide to cancel it, if required.
• It is intended to keep the functioning of the government open to scrutiny by the
members
• Questions on matter of public interest can be asked
• A member has to give a notice atleast 10-days before asking the question
18. TYPES OF QUESTIONS
1. Stared Questions : These are answered orally. Supplementary questions can be asked after
getting the reply. 10 days notice needs to be given before asking these questions. These
questions are indicated by asterisk mark.
2. Unstarred Questions: These are answered in written form. No Supplementary questions
can be asked after getting the reply. 10 days notice needs to be given before asking these
questions.
3. Short Notice Questions: These questions are asked on urgent & important matters. These
questions are asked with a notice shorter than 10 days. Minister is asked whether he can
reply to the question at a short notice and its upto him to accept or not to accept short
notice questions.
19. ZERO HOUR
• The period which begins at 12 O’ Clock i.e. after the Question Hour
and continues till the Lunch Break which begins at 1 O’ Clock is called
as Zero Hour.
• During this period, members raise all types of questions without any
permission or prior notice.
• The presiding officer controls the House, when faced with heated
discussions, charges and countercharges and constan interruptions by
the members.
20. MOTION : MEANING
A formal proposal made by a member, asking the House, to take up a
matter of public importance is termed as Motion.
22. ADJOURNMENT MOTION
• A proposal to keep aside all other business and take up a ‘definite
matter of urgent importance’ is called as Adjournment Motion.
• Example: Railway Accident, Natural Calamity or Communal Riots etc.
• Such a Motion leads to the interruption of normal business of the
House
23. NO-CONFIDENCE MOTION
• A proposal initiated by the opposition, expressing lack of confidence
in the Ministry is called as No Confidence Motion.
• The council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the entire Lok
Sabha including the Opposition.
• No-Confidence in the government is moved by the opposition
• At least 50 members should support the motion.
• Speaker puts the motion to vote within 10days, if the motion is
passed, then the Government has to resign.
12th Lok Sabha, the
government headed
by Shri Atal Bihari
Vajpayee Lost just
by one vote
24. ADJOURNMENT & PROPOGATION
The Speaker can adjourn a Session of House:
• After the business of the day is over
• When death of a sitting/ex-member of the House occurs
• When there is extreme disorder in the House
• For want of quorum
• As & when the Speaker finds it necessary.
• Prorogation means termination of the session of the Parliament.
• A Speaker can Adjourn a House.
• However, only the President has the power to prorogate the session of Parliament.
25. WHO IS THE SPEAKER ?
• The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha.
• He conducts the business of the House
• He occupies a position of great authority and responsibility
• He has wide powers to maintain discipline in the House
• In the Table of Precedence he ranks higher than all Cabinet Ministers, other than the
Prime Minister himself.
• With respect to the discharge of his powers and functions, the speaker is not
answerable to anyone except the House
26. ELECTION
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha is elected from among it own members, as soon as the newly
elected House meets for the first time.
• When the House dissolves, he/she remains in the office, till a new Speaker is elected.
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha is elected for a term of 5 years.
• The Speaker can be removed if the majority of the House passes a resolution.
• Deputy Speaker takes over the office after his removal or in his absence.
• The Speaker may resign from his post on health or other grounds by submitting a,
letter of resignation to the Deputy Speaker
28. ROLE & FUNCTIONS ON SPEAKER
• The Speaker presides all the meetings of the House.
• The Speaker interprets the rules of the procedure of the House. His
decision is final decision.
• All the Bills passed by the House are signed by him before it is sent to
Rajya Sabha or President.
• The Speaker decides whether the Bill is a Money Bill or not.
• The Speaker decides the admissibility of all questions and resolutions.
30. ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
Administrative Functions of the Speaker of Lok Sabha include:
• The Speaker receives all the petitions and documents in the House.
• He communicates the decisions of the House to the concerned authorities.
• He regulates the admission of visitors and Press correspondents to the
galleries of the House.
31. DISCIPLINARY FUNCTIONS
The Disciplinary Functions of the Speaker of Lok Sabha include:
• The Speaker maintains order in the House. He can suspend a member or in case of grave
disorder can adjourn the House.
• Speaker can expunge (cut) indecent or unparliamentary words used by a member from the
proceedings of the House.
• Speaker decides whether the matter is related to contempt of the House of breach (violation)
of privilege.
• In case, if there is a question about a member’s disqualification under Anti Defection Law,
then as per our Constitution, the decision of the Speaker would be considered as Final
Decision.
32. PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES
•The Speaker is the ex-officio Chairman of some of the committees of
the House such as Business Advisory Committee and the Rules
Committee.
•He appoints the Chairmen of all the Committees of the House.
•He issues directions to the Chairmen in all matter related to their
working and procedures.
33. MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
•The Speaker presides over the joint sessions of both the Houses of the
Parliament.
•In consultation with the Chairman of RajyaSabha, the Speaker
nominates the personnel for Parliamentary Delegations to various
countries.
•Speaker presides the Conference of Presiding Officers of Legislative
Bodies in India.
34. RAJYA SABHA
Composition :
•250 members
•238 members are Elected from the states of the Union.
•12 members are Nominated directly by the President
35. ELECTIONS
•The members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected
members of the Legislative Assembly of each state.
•People -> Members of Legislative Assembly (MLA) -> Members
of Rajya Sabha
•Term : 6years.
•1/3rd of the total number of members retire after every two
year.
36. QUALIFICATIONS & DISQUALIFICATIONS
QUALIFICATIONS :
• Should be Indian citizen
• Should be of at least 30 years of age
• Should have his name in electoral rolls in any
part of the country
• Shouldn’t hold any office of profit under
Government of India
• Shouldn’t be insolvent (no debt)
• Shouldn’t be a proclaimed criminal
• Shouldn’t be of unsound mind
DISQUALIFICATIONS :
• If he holds any office of profit under the
Government of India or the Government of
any state.
• If he is of unsound mind and stands so
declared by a competent court.
• If he is an undischarged insolvent.
• If he is not a citizen of India or has voluntarily
acquired citizenship of a foreign state.
• If he is so disqualified by or under any law
made by the parliament.
37. PRESIDING OFFICER
OF RAJYA SABHA
•Vice President of India is the
presiding officer of the Rajya
Sabha.
•He is the ex-officio Chairman
of Rajya Sabha.
-----------------------------------------
•In his absence: Deputy
Chairman perform these
functions.
Venkaiah Naidu
38. LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF PARLIAMENT
• Matters in the Union List: Parliament makes laws on all 97 subjects mentioned in Union List.
• Matters in the Concurrent List: Parliament makes laws on all 47 subjects mentioned in Concurrent List
• Residuary Powers: Parliament makes laws on all the subjects which aren’t mentioned in any of the 3 lists:
Union/State/Concurrent List.
• Matters in State List: Parliament makes laws on 66 subjects mentioned in State List during Proclamation of
Emergency, Majority proposes that the subject is of National Importance, when two or more states requests
the Parliament to handle the subject.
• Ordinances: President promulgates an ordinance when both the Houses aren’t in Session. However the
same has to approved or rejected within 6 weeks of re-assembly of the Parliament.
• Powers during Emergency: If there is a total breakdown of Constitutional Machinery in the State, the
Parliament becomes the State Legislature and assumes all powers.
39. FINANCIAL POWERS
• The Budget: Parliament passes the Union Budget.
• Supplementary Grants: If the amount authorised for the current financial year isn’t
sufficient, the Government may make a fresh demand known as ‘Supplementary Grants.’
• Vote on Account: If the Union Budget isn’t presented by the Government before 1st April
i.e. Beginning of Financial year then ‘Vote on Account’ authorises the Executive to draw
funds from Consolidated Fund of India until Budget is passed by the Parliament.
• Salaries: Parliament decides the salaries and allowances of MPs, MLAs and other Ministers
of Parliament.
• Permission for Taxes: No tax can be imposed by the Government without approval of the
Parliament.
40. JUDICIAL POWERS
• Impeachment of the President: Parliament can impeach the President, when its
approved by the majority of both the Houses.
• Removal of Judges etc: Parliament can remove Judges of Supreme Court, High Courts,
Chief Election Commissioner etc.
• Punishment: Parliament can punish a person who obstructs the work of Parliament or
a person who shows disrespect to the House.
41. ELECTORAL POWERS
• Appointment of the President: Parliament along with State Legislatures
appoints the President of India.
• Appointment of the Vice-President : Parliament appoints the Vice-President
of India.
• Appointment of Speaker/Deputy Speaker/ Deputy Chairman: Parliament
elects Lok Sabha’s Speaker & Deputy Speaker and Rajya Sabha’s Deputy
Chairman.
42. AMMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
• Both the Houses of Parliament can amend the Constitution.
• 2/3rd of the total number of members of each House should approve the
amendment.
• In some amendments, approval of half of the Legislative Assemblies of States
is also required.
43. CONTROL OVER EXECUTIVE
• Interpellation: During Question Hour & Zero Hour the Government has to answer all the
question related to public importance.
• Vote of No Confidence: If a Government acts against the Constitution then a Vote of No
Confidence is passed against the PM. In such case, the entire Ministry has to resign.
• Adjournment Motion: Motion of adjournment is aimed at censuring the acts of omission
and commission of the Ministers.
• Other Motions of Censure: Parliament controls the Government by passing other motions
like Motion of Censure, rejection of a Government Bill etc.
• Monetary Controls: Parliament keeps a check on the public money spent by the
Government. And it can pass cut motion, if required.
44. SPECIAL POWERS OF RAJYA SABHA
• Make laws on a State Subject: Rajya Sabha can makes laws on subjects mentioned in State
List during Proclamation of Emergency, Majority proposes that the subject is of National
Importance, when two or more states requests the Rajya Sabha to handle the subject. Lok
Sabha has no such authority in such matters.
• Creation of new All-India Services: Rajya Sabha can declare the creation of new All-India
Services be made in the national interest. Lok Sabha has no such authority.
• If Lok Sabha is dissolved before of after the declaration of the National Emergency, then
Rajya Sabha becomes the sole de facto and de jure Parliament i.e. it takes over all the
functions of Parliament.
• Rajya Sabha is a permanent House as it cant be dissolved. 1/3rd of the total number of
members retire after every two year.
45. SPECIAL POWERS OF LOK SABHA
•Money Bills can only be introduced in Lok Sabha. It is sent to Rajya
Sabha where it can be deliberated/check on for upto 14 days.
•Motions of No Confidence against the Government can only be
introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha has no such
power over the Executive.
•In case of a deadlock between the two Houses over a non-financial
(ordinary) bill, the will of the Lok Sabha prevails as its strength is
more than double that of Rajya Sabha.
46. CONCLUSION
India has parliament made up of the Lok sabha, Rajya sabha and The
President. The future of the nation lies within their dicisions. The 545
member of lok sabha, 250 of rajya sabha, the president, the prime
ministers and the council of ministers are representatives of people of
different states. And we citizens of India are the “Keepers of
Democracy”. Hereby my Project on “THE UNION PARLIAMENT”
comes to an end. Any Queries can be mentioned in the questionnaire.