This document provides information about the Union Parliament of India, which is the supreme legislative body composed of the President and two houses - Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
It discusses the composition and roles of Lok Sabha, including its election process, term length, qualifications for members, and the role and powers of the Speaker. Procedures of Lok Sabha like sessions, quorum, question hour, motions and zero hour are also summarized.
Information about Rajya Sabha such as its composition, elections and the Speaker is also briefly outlined. The relationship between the Union Parliament and the federal structure of government in India is defined.
Prime minister and the council of ministerskarthikgangula
icse class 10 chapter prime minister and the council of ministers
topics included are under the further reduced syllabus
Appointment, the formation of Council of ministers, tenure;
Position and powers of the Prime Minister.
Collective and individual responsibility of the members of the Cabinet.
The distinction between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet.
The Council of States, also known as the Rajya Sabha, represents the interests of India's 29 states and 6 union territories. Representatives are elected by state legislative assemblies based on population size, with a few representatives chosen from union territories as determined by Parliament. Members must be at least 30 years old and cannot hold any government office or be a proclaimed offender. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the members retiring every 2 years. The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
The document discusses the structure and composition of state legislatures in India. It outlines that some states have bicameral legislatures consisting of a Legislative Assembly (lower house) and Legislative Council (upper house). The Legislative Assembly is comprised of elected members representing territorial constituencies. It has powers to make laws on matters in the state and concurrent lists. The Legislative Council consists of members elected by different groups like local bodies, graduates and teachers. It is a permanent body with 1/3 of its members retiring every 2 years. Both houses have presiding officers and certain powers to conduct proceedings and pass laws.
The document discusses the legislature in India, which consists of two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The Rajya Sabha is the upper house with a maximum of 250 members elected by state legislatures for six-year terms. The Lok Sabha is the lower house with a maximum of 552 members elected by direct adult suffrage for five-year terms. Key functions of the two houses include introducing and passing bills, with the Lok Sabha playing a dominant role in financial matters.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India. It notes that the CAG is an independent constitutional body that audits all expenditures from the Consolidated Fund of India, acts as the guardian of the public purse, and submits audit reports to Parliament. The CAG is appointed by the President of India, has security of tenure, and cannot be influenced by any executive authority. The key responsibilities of the CAG include auditing all accounts of the central and state governments, ascertaining the net proceeds of taxes, and assisting the Public Accounts Committee.
Class 8 chapter_19_the_union_executive_pptKamlesh Khanna
The document discusses the executive branch of the Indian union government. It describes the powers and roles of the President, Vice President, Council of Ministers, and Prime Minister. The President has executive, legislative, financial, and emergency powers and appoints judges. The Vice President chairs Rajya Sabha. The Council of Ministers is responsible for policy and administration under the Prime Minister, who forms the government based on the Lok Sabha majority.
What is Rajya Sabah. What are its powers, Functions and activities? How is it related with Lok Sabha? all the questions have been answered in the presentation.
The document outlines the structure of the state executive in India. It discusses the roles of the Governor, Chief Minister, and Council of Ministers. The Governor is the nominal executive head of the state and represents the central government. The real executive authority lies with the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers, who are responsible for the day-to-day administration of the state. The Chief Minister exercises significant powers as the head of the ruling party and head of the Council of Ministers.
Prime minister and the council of ministerskarthikgangula
icse class 10 chapter prime minister and the council of ministers
topics included are under the further reduced syllabus
Appointment, the formation of Council of ministers, tenure;
Position and powers of the Prime Minister.
Collective and individual responsibility of the members of the Cabinet.
The distinction between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet.
The Council of States, also known as the Rajya Sabha, represents the interests of India's 29 states and 6 union territories. Representatives are elected by state legislative assemblies based on population size, with a few representatives chosen from union territories as determined by Parliament. Members must be at least 30 years old and cannot hold any government office or be a proclaimed offender. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the members retiring every 2 years. The Vice President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
The document discusses the structure and composition of state legislatures in India. It outlines that some states have bicameral legislatures consisting of a Legislative Assembly (lower house) and Legislative Council (upper house). The Legislative Assembly is comprised of elected members representing territorial constituencies. It has powers to make laws on matters in the state and concurrent lists. The Legislative Council consists of members elected by different groups like local bodies, graduates and teachers. It is a permanent body with 1/3 of its members retiring every 2 years. Both houses have presiding officers and certain powers to conduct proceedings and pass laws.
The document discusses the legislature in India, which consists of two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The Rajya Sabha is the upper house with a maximum of 250 members elected by state legislatures for six-year terms. The Lok Sabha is the lower house with a maximum of 552 members elected by direct adult suffrage for five-year terms. Key functions of the two houses include introducing and passing bills, with the Lok Sabha playing a dominant role in financial matters.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India. It notes that the CAG is an independent constitutional body that audits all expenditures from the Consolidated Fund of India, acts as the guardian of the public purse, and submits audit reports to Parliament. The CAG is appointed by the President of India, has security of tenure, and cannot be influenced by any executive authority. The key responsibilities of the CAG include auditing all accounts of the central and state governments, ascertaining the net proceeds of taxes, and assisting the Public Accounts Committee.
Class 8 chapter_19_the_union_executive_pptKamlesh Khanna
The document discusses the executive branch of the Indian union government. It describes the powers and roles of the President, Vice President, Council of Ministers, and Prime Minister. The President has executive, legislative, financial, and emergency powers and appoints judges. The Vice President chairs Rajya Sabha. The Council of Ministers is responsible for policy and administration under the Prime Minister, who forms the government based on the Lok Sabha majority.
What is Rajya Sabah. What are its powers, Functions and activities? How is it related with Lok Sabha? all the questions have been answered in the presentation.
The document outlines the structure of the state executive in India. It discusses the roles of the Governor, Chief Minister, and Council of Ministers. The Governor is the nominal executive head of the state and represents the central government. The real executive authority lies with the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers, who are responsible for the day-to-day administration of the state. The Chief Minister exercises significant powers as the head of the ruling party and head of the Council of Ministers.
This document discusses constitutional amendments in India. It defines constitutional amendment and classifies constitutions as rigid or flexible based on their amendment procedures. It notes that the Indian Constitution's amendment procedure is neither as easy as the UK's nor as difficult as the US, making it a synthesis of flexible and rigid. The document outlines the three ways the Indian Constitution can be amended: by simple parliamentary majority, by special parliamentary majority, and by special parliamentary majority plus ratification by half the state legislatures. It provides examples of amendments that fall under each category and describes the amendment process and limitations in further detail.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and exercises executive authority in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is generally the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister's powers include forming the Council of Ministers, directing policy, and overseeing important appointments, though these are made by the President. The Council of Ministers aids the Prime Minister in developing and implementing policy and administering government departments and programs.
The document discusses the amendment process of the Constitution of India as outlined in Article 368. It provides that amendments can be initiated by introduction of a bill in either house of Parliament. The bill must be passed by a special majority in each house and receive presidential assent. Some provisions also require ratification by half the state legislatures. The Supreme Court has ruled that amendments cannot alter the basic structure of the constitution. The document outlines the different classes of amendments and criticisms of the current process. It examines the scope of amendability and summarizes some major constitutional amendments that have been passed.
The document outlines several key parliamentary procedures in India:
1. Members of Parliament must take an oath before participating in proceedings.
2. A quorum of 10% of members is required to conduct business.
3. The Speaker can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie.
4. The first hour of each sitting is reserved for questions to the government.
Legislative powers of Parliament include making laws, amending the constitution, and approving the budget and other financial matters. Bills must pass several stages, including committee review, before becoming law with the President's assent.
Powers of President of India-General Studies Civil ServiceYatendra Kumar
Legislative powers of President of India, Rules making Powers of President of India, Executive powers of President, Regulations made by President, Special Powers of the President
The UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) is India's central agency for recruiting civil servants and is established by the constitution. It consists of a chairman and 9-11 members appointed by the president of India. The UPSC conducts examinations for all-India services and central services, advises the government on recruitment, promotions and discipline, and presents an annual report to the president on its work. However, its recommendations are advisory and not binding on the government.
This document provides information on the President and Vice President of India. It discusses the qualifications, election process, term of office and powers of both roles. The President is indirectly elected by an Electoral College consisting of MPs and MLAs to a 5-year term. Key powers include executive, legislative, financial, judicial, discretionary and emergency powers. The Vice President assumes the role of President if the President is unable to serve and acts as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, regulating debates and proceedings.
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the country. It has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. The Supreme Court can have a maximum of 34 judges including the Chief Justice of India. Judges are appointed by the President of India. To be eligible for appointment, one must have been a high court judge for at least 5 years or practiced as a lawyer for 10 years. The Supreme Court has the power to interpret the constitution, settle disputes between governments, protect fundamental rights, and its judgments are binding on all courts in the country.
This is a power point presentation on the topic "THE UNION PARLIAMENT". It includes :
The Lok Sabha
The Rajya Sabh
The President
And some good animated slides
Hope You Like it
Regards
:)
Provisions of Emergency under Constitutional Law Law Laboratory
The document discusses different types of emergencies that can be declared in India according to the constitution: national emergency, state emergency, and financial emergency. It provides details on the reasons and provisions for each type of emergency to be declared according to articles in the constitution. It also discusses effects of national emergencies, including the three national emergencies that have been declared in India in 1962, 1971, and 1975 and the associated historical context for each. The document concludes with details on the Additional District Magistrate vs. S. S. Shukla case related to the national emergency of 1975.
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country. It consists of a Chief Justice and 30 other judges appointed by the President. The Constitution ensures the independence of Supreme Court judges in several ways, such as judges can only be removed via impeachment. The Supreme Court has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction. It acts as the guardian of the Constitution and protector of fundamental rights.
- The Anti-Defection Law was inserted into the Indian Constitution in 1985 to prevent political defections. It disqualifies members of a legislature if they change parties or vote against their party's directives.
- It aims to reduce political instability caused by frequent party switching, maintain the balance between an elected member's vote and individual choice, and curb corrupt practices like cash-for-vote. However, it is criticized for restricting freedom of speech of members and showing partiality.
- Reforms proposed include treating resignation same as defection, strengthening internal party democracy, limiting the law's scope to crucial votes, and making the Speaker's role more neutral by involving the Election Commission in defection decisions. Overall,
The document summarizes the executive structure at the state level in India. It discusses the roles of the Governor, Chief Minister, and Council of Ministers. The Governor is appointed by the President and acts as the nominal executive head of the state. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor and heads the Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor. Key powers of the Governor include executive, legislative, financial, judicial, and emergency powers, which are exercised based on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
Parliamentary sovereignty is a most thinkable constitutional principle of UK's west minister system of parliament. So, here we discuss some important issues on parliamentary sovereignty.
The document discusses Centre-State relations in India based on the Constitution. It outlines that legislative powers are divided between the Union and States based on territory and subject matter. There are three lists - the Union List of subjects Parliament can legislate on, the State List for state legislatures, and the Concurrent List where both can legislate. Residual powers belong to Parliament. Exceptions allow Parliament to legislate on State List topics in some cases. The lists are interpreted broadly and harmoniously to avoid conflicts between legislative jurisdictions.
The document discusses the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers at the state level in India. It defines the Chief Minister as the head of the state government, though formally appointed by the Governor. The Chief Minister is typically the leader of the party with a majority in the state assembly. They appoint the Council of Ministers and head this body. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor and collectively takes responsibility before the state legislature. Key roles of the Chief Minister include recommending ministers, designating portfolios, and advising the Governor on various appointments.
The President of India is the nominal executive head of state, elected by members of parliament and state legislative assemblies. To be eligible for president, one must be an Indian citizen over 35, qualified to be an MP, and not hold a government office. The president is elected through an indirect election using proportional representation and secret ballot. No candidate can win without over 50% of the vote. The president can be removed through impeachment by a two-thirds majority of both houses of parliament.
The document provides information about the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. It discusses that the Lok Sabha has 552 members who are directly elected by the people of India. It outlines the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha, the powers of the Lok Sabha including introducing no-confidence motions and money bills. It also describes the procedures of the Lok Sabha like question hour, sessions, and the main businesses of legislation, finance, and motions. Finally, it discusses the key officers like the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the role of the Lok Sabha Secretariat.
This document discusses constitutional amendments in India. It defines constitutional amendment and classifies constitutions as rigid or flexible based on their amendment procedures. It notes that the Indian Constitution's amendment procedure is neither as easy as the UK's nor as difficult as the US, making it a synthesis of flexible and rigid. The document outlines the three ways the Indian Constitution can be amended: by simple parliamentary majority, by special parliamentary majority, and by special parliamentary majority plus ratification by half the state legislatures. It provides examples of amendments that fall under each category and describes the amendment process and limitations in further detail.
The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and exercises executive authority in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is generally the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha. As the head of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister's powers include forming the Council of Ministers, directing policy, and overseeing important appointments, though these are made by the President. The Council of Ministers aids the Prime Minister in developing and implementing policy and administering government departments and programs.
The document discusses the amendment process of the Constitution of India as outlined in Article 368. It provides that amendments can be initiated by introduction of a bill in either house of Parliament. The bill must be passed by a special majority in each house and receive presidential assent. Some provisions also require ratification by half the state legislatures. The Supreme Court has ruled that amendments cannot alter the basic structure of the constitution. The document outlines the different classes of amendments and criticisms of the current process. It examines the scope of amendability and summarizes some major constitutional amendments that have been passed.
The document outlines several key parliamentary procedures in India:
1. Members of Parliament must take an oath before participating in proceedings.
2. A quorum of 10% of members is required to conduct business.
3. The Speaker can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie.
4. The first hour of each sitting is reserved for questions to the government.
Legislative powers of Parliament include making laws, amending the constitution, and approving the budget and other financial matters. Bills must pass several stages, including committee review, before becoming law with the President's assent.
Powers of President of India-General Studies Civil ServiceYatendra Kumar
Legislative powers of President of India, Rules making Powers of President of India, Executive powers of President, Regulations made by President, Special Powers of the President
The UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) is India's central agency for recruiting civil servants and is established by the constitution. It consists of a chairman and 9-11 members appointed by the president of India. The UPSC conducts examinations for all-India services and central services, advises the government on recruitment, promotions and discipline, and presents an annual report to the president on its work. However, its recommendations are advisory and not binding on the government.
This document provides information on the President and Vice President of India. It discusses the qualifications, election process, term of office and powers of both roles. The President is indirectly elected by an Electoral College consisting of MPs and MLAs to a 5-year term. Key powers include executive, legislative, financial, judicial, discretionary and emergency powers. The Vice President assumes the role of President if the President is unable to serve and acts as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, regulating debates and proceedings.
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the country. It has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. The Supreme Court can have a maximum of 34 judges including the Chief Justice of India. Judges are appointed by the President of India. To be eligible for appointment, one must have been a high court judge for at least 5 years or practiced as a lawyer for 10 years. The Supreme Court has the power to interpret the constitution, settle disputes between governments, protect fundamental rights, and its judgments are binding on all courts in the country.
This is a power point presentation on the topic "THE UNION PARLIAMENT". It includes :
The Lok Sabha
The Rajya Sabh
The President
And some good animated slides
Hope You Like it
Regards
:)
Provisions of Emergency under Constitutional Law Law Laboratory
The document discusses different types of emergencies that can be declared in India according to the constitution: national emergency, state emergency, and financial emergency. It provides details on the reasons and provisions for each type of emergency to be declared according to articles in the constitution. It also discusses effects of national emergencies, including the three national emergencies that have been declared in India in 1962, 1971, and 1975 and the associated historical context for each. The document concludes with details on the Additional District Magistrate vs. S. S. Shukla case related to the national emergency of 1975.
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country. It consists of a Chief Justice and 30 other judges appointed by the President. The Constitution ensures the independence of Supreme Court judges in several ways, such as judges can only be removed via impeachment. The Supreme Court has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction. It acts as the guardian of the Constitution and protector of fundamental rights.
- The Anti-Defection Law was inserted into the Indian Constitution in 1985 to prevent political defections. It disqualifies members of a legislature if they change parties or vote against their party's directives.
- It aims to reduce political instability caused by frequent party switching, maintain the balance between an elected member's vote and individual choice, and curb corrupt practices like cash-for-vote. However, it is criticized for restricting freedom of speech of members and showing partiality.
- Reforms proposed include treating resignation same as defection, strengthening internal party democracy, limiting the law's scope to crucial votes, and making the Speaker's role more neutral by involving the Election Commission in defection decisions. Overall,
The document summarizes the executive structure at the state level in India. It discusses the roles of the Governor, Chief Minister, and Council of Ministers. The Governor is appointed by the President and acts as the nominal executive head of the state. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor and heads the Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor. Key powers of the Governor include executive, legislative, financial, judicial, and emergency powers, which are exercised based on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, advising the President, coordinating policies, and leading the majority party in Parliament.
Parliamentary sovereignty is a most thinkable constitutional principle of UK's west minister system of parliament. So, here we discuss some important issues on parliamentary sovereignty.
The document discusses Centre-State relations in India based on the Constitution. It outlines that legislative powers are divided between the Union and States based on territory and subject matter. There are three lists - the Union List of subjects Parliament can legislate on, the State List for state legislatures, and the Concurrent List where both can legislate. Residual powers belong to Parliament. Exceptions allow Parliament to legislate on State List topics in some cases. The lists are interpreted broadly and harmoniously to avoid conflicts between legislative jurisdictions.
The document discusses the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers at the state level in India. It defines the Chief Minister as the head of the state government, though formally appointed by the Governor. The Chief Minister is typically the leader of the party with a majority in the state assembly. They appoint the Council of Ministers and head this body. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the Governor and collectively takes responsibility before the state legislature. Key roles of the Chief Minister include recommending ministers, designating portfolios, and advising the Governor on various appointments.
The President of India is the nominal executive head of state, elected by members of parliament and state legislative assemblies. To be eligible for president, one must be an Indian citizen over 35, qualified to be an MP, and not hold a government office. The president is elected through an indirect election using proportional representation and secret ballot. No candidate can win without over 50% of the vote. The president can be removed through impeachment by a two-thirds majority of both houses of parliament.
The document provides information about the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. It discusses that the Lok Sabha has 552 members who are directly elected by the people of India. It outlines the qualifications to be a member of the Lok Sabha, the powers of the Lok Sabha including introducing no-confidence motions and money bills. It also describes the procedures of the Lok Sabha like question hour, sessions, and the main businesses of legislation, finance, and motions. Finally, it discusses the key officers like the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the role of the Lok Sabha Secretariat.
The document summarizes key aspects of the President and Governor's roles according to the Indian Constitution. It discusses that the President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term and acts as the executive head and supreme commander. The Governor is appointed by the President to act as the representative of the central government in each state, exercising executive, legislative and judicial powers analogous to the President but without certain powers like diplomacy or emergencies. The Governor acts on the aid and advice of the state council of ministers who are responsible to the state legislative assembly.
The executive branch of the Indian government is led by the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. Key elements of the executive include:
- The Prime Minister is the head of the government and exercises executive authority. They are elected by the Lok Sabha and appoint the Council of Ministers.
- The President is the formal head of state but acts on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.
- The Council of Ministers aids and advises the President in policymaking and governance. It is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
- The civil service, led by the IAS, implements policies and ensures day-to-day administration under the political executive.
The document provides information about the Union Parliament in India. It discusses that the Union Parliament comprises of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected by state assemblies. Together they form a bicameral legislature. The document also outlines the powers and functions of the Union Parliament like lawmaking, financial matters, executive control, and more.
The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college for a 5-year term, and can be re-elected. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and exercises executive powers along with other ministers. Key responsibilities of the Prime Minister include forming the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios, providing leadership, coordinating policies, and overseeing the functions of various departments and ministries.
The document discusses the need for and functions of legislatures and parliaments. It provides details on:
1) The main functions of legislatures are law making and holding the executive accountable. Parliaments are forums for open debate and are most representative of the people.
2) Legislatures can be unicameral with one house or bicameral with two houses like India which has the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Two houses allow for more regional representation.
3) The legislative procedure in India's Parliament involves a bill being introduced, reviewed by a committee, debated and voted on in two readings in each house, and receiving the President's assent to become law. The Parliament controls
NIOS STD X 10TH, SOCIAL SCIENCE, Ch 19 & ch 20 governance at the state levelSajina Nair
The document summarizes governance at the state level in India. It outlines that the governor is the nominal head of the state, but the real power lies with the chief minister and council of ministers. It describes the qualifications and powers of the governor and chief minister. It also discusses the structure, composition, and functions of state legislatures, including legislative assemblies and councils. It provides details about high courts, their jurisdiction, and qualifications for judges.
1) Parliament consists of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house elected by the people, while the Rajya Sabha is the upper house with members elected by state assemblies.
2) Parliament was established to give Indians a voice in government after colonial rule, allow representation of all people, and reduce the risk of dictatorship.
3) The key roles of Parliament are to select the national government, provide oversight of the government, and make laws through different types of bills.
The document provides an agenda and schedule for a Youth Parliament event being held on November 23rd and 24th, 2022 to discuss rising unemployment in India and the Agneepath scheme. The event will include an opening of the house, roll call, opening statements from members of parliament, a public session for general discussion, a question hour, a zero hour on the second day for raising additional issues, and a closing session. The document outlines the procedures, points of order, and rules for participants, including maintaining anonymity and adhering to dress code and decorum. Results will be announced at the end of the event and winners will receive cash prizes and certificates.
DescriptionThe Supreme Court of India is the premier judicial court under the Constitution of India. It is the highest constitutional court and has the power of judicial review.
Preliminary Exam, Main Exam, Interview
Higher Posts: Main Exam, Interview
Training: Foundation Course at LBSNAA, Mussoorie
Probation: 2 years
Bureaucracy
- The legislative branch of the Indian government consists of the two houses of parliament - the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected by the people. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house whose members are elected indirectly by state assemblies.
- The Lok Sabha has powers such as approving ordinances issued by the president and changing state boundaries. The Rajya Sabha acts as a revisionary house that balances the Lok Sabha and represents vulnerable sections through proportional representation.
The document provides an overview of the office of the Indian President based on key articles of the Indian Constitution. It discusses that the President is the head of the Union Executive and a part of Parliament. Some key points covered include that the President has a 5-year term, qualifications for election include Indian citizenship and age of 35, and impeachment of a President requires a 2/3 majority in both houses of Parliament. The role of the Vice President to discharge presidential functions in the event of a vacancy or absence is also summarized.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Union Government of India including the Union Legislature (Parliament), Executive, and Cabinet. It describes that the Parliament consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house whose members are directly elected for 5-year terms. The Rajya Sabha has members elected for 6-year terms. The Union Executive is headed by the President and Prime Minister. The Prime Minister leads the Council of Ministers (Cabinet) and allocates portfolios to ministers who head government departments.
The document discusses the Union Government of India. It describes the key components of the Union Legislature (Parliament), which consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. It provides details on the qualifications, roles, and powers of the President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers (Cabinet). The Prime Minister is the head of the government and selects the Council of Ministers. The President appoints the Prime Minister and Ministers per the Prime Minister's recommendations.
The document discusses the powers and functions of the President and Prime Minister of India. It covers:
- The President's executive, legislative, financial, emergency and other powers.
- The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and advises the President on key appointments. As the leader of the Lok Sabha, the Prime Minister guides the administration.
- The relationship between the President and Prime Minister is defined in the Constitution - the President exercises powers on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.
The document discusses the powers and functions of the President and Prime Minister of India. It covers:
- The President's executive, legislative, financial, emergency and other powers.
- The Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers and advises the President on key appointments. As the leader of the Lok Sabha, the Prime Minister guides the administration of the Union.
- The relationship between the President and Prime Minister is defined in the Constitution - the President exercises powers on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.
Preliminary Exam, Main Exam, Interview
Higher Posts: Main Exam, Interview
Training:
Foundation Course at LBSNAA, Mussoorie
Probation:
2 years probation period
Bureaucracy
ChatGPT is an AI language model that can generate human-like responses. This document discusses ChatGPT's potential impacts on access, efficiency, employment, and education based on a literature review. It highlights benefits of ChatGPT in healthcare, education, and business, but also acknowledges limitations and need for ethical guidelines due to job impacts and privacy issues. The impact depends on how ChatGPT is applied and social factors. Policy recommendations include ethical standards, reskilling programs, and balancing machine learning with human judgment.
The document summarizes key information about the Parliament of India. It has two houses - Lok Sabha, the lower house, and Rajya Sabha, the upper house. Lok Sabha has 545 elected members who have a term of 5 years, while Rajya Sabha has up to 250 members with one-third retiring every 2 years. The Parliament meets in three sessions annually and performs legislative and oversight functions. Key officials like the President, Vice President, and leaders of both houses are also outlined.
The Election Commission of India is responsible for administering elections in the country. It consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. The key functions of the Commission include being the guardian of free and fair elections through measures like the Model Code of Conduct, registering political parties, setting limits on election expenses, and prohibiting the publication of opinion polls. It also has quasi-judicial powers. The Commission aims to ensure that elections are held regularly and democratically through a large election machinery across states.
This document discusses peace-building and its relationship to sustainable development. It defines peace-building as outside interventions designed to prevent conflict by creating sustainable peace. Peace-building addresses root causes of violence, creates expectations for peaceful conflict resolution, and stabilizes societies politically and economically. It differs from peace-making, which stops ongoing conflicts, and peace-keeping, which only prevents conflict resumption. Peace-building must address functional structures, emotional conditions, social psychology, social stability, rule of law, and cultural sensitivities. It involves disarming combatants, rebuilding infrastructure, developing rule of law and institutions, counseling, community dialogue, and promoting economic development and civil society. Sustainable development contributes to reducing poverty, inequalities,
J and K Combined Competitive (Preliminary) Examination 2023 Provisional Answe...NASIR14SPHL07
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
The Crusades were a series of holy wars launched by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of regaining control of holy sites in Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Jerusalem was an important religious site for Christians, Muslims, and Jews. In 1071, Muslim Seljuk Turks stopped allowing Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem, prompting Pope Gregory VII to plan a crusade. Although Gregory died before launching it, subsequent popes called for additional crusades over the next two centuries, with varying degrees of success in retaking Jerusalem but ultimately failing to maintain permanent Christian control of the region.
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3. INDEX
LOK
SABHA
RAJYA
SABHA
CONCLUSION
LOK SABHA :
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ELECTIONS
3. TERM
4. COMPOSITION
5. QUALIFICATION & DISQUALIFICATION
6. VACATION OF SEATS
7. PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURES
8. TYPES OF MOTION
9. SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
10.ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE
SPEAKER
6. AKNOWLEDGEMENT
In preparation of my assignment, I had to take the help and guidance
of some respected persons, who deserve my deepest gratitude. As the
completion of this assignment gave me much pleasure, I would like to
show my gratitude Your Teacher’s Name, Course Instructor, on Texas
University for giving me a good guidelines for assignment throughout
numerous consultations. I would also like to expand my gratitude to all
those who have directly and indirectly guided me in writing this
assignment.
7. INTRODUCTION
• The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is
a bicameral legislature composed of the President of India and the two houses: the Rajya
Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
• The President in his role as head of legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either
house of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.
• The Members of Parliament, Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian citizen voting in Single-
member districts and the Members of Parliament, Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of
all State Legislative
8. FEDRAL SET-UP OF GOVERNMENT
FEDRAL SET-UP
Union/Central
Government
State
Government
Hence called as BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE
10. LOK SABHA
• Lok Sabha (House of the People) or the lower house has
545 members.
• 543 members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis
of universal adult franchise representing Parliamentary
constituencies across the country
• 2 members are appointed by the President of India from the Anglo-
Indian Community.
11. TERM & COMPOSITION
1. Term
• According to constitution the term of the Lok
Sabha is 5 Years.
• However, It can be dissolved before the expiry
of its normal term by The President on the
advice of the Prime Minister.
• Its term could be extended by Parliament for
one year, in case of Emergency.
2. Composition
• Maximum Strength(By CONSTITUTION) :
552
• Not more than 530 members shall represent
the states
• Not more than 20 members shall represent the
Union Territories
• 2 members are appointed by the President of
India from the Anglo-Indian Community.
Current Lok Sabha
Consists of542
Members
12. QUALIFICATION & DISQUALIFICATION
1. Qualification
• He should be an Indian Citizen.
• He should be at least 25 years of age.
• He should have his name in the electoral rolls
in some part of the country.
• He should not be an insolvent.
• He should not hold any office of profit under
the government.
• He should not be a proclaimed criminal.
• He should not be of unsound mind.
2. Disqualification
• If he holds any office of profit under the
Government of India or the Government of
any state.
• If he is of unsound mind and stands so
declared by a competent court.
• If he is an undischarged insolvent.
• If he is not a citizen of India or has voluntarily
acquired citizenship of a foreign state.
• If he is so disqualified by or under any law
made by the parliament.
13. VACATION OF SEATS
• When the holder of the seat, by writing to the speaker, resigns.
• When the holder of the seat is absent from 60 consecutive days of proceedings of the
House, without prior permission of the Speaker.
• When the holder of the seat is subject to any disqualifications mentioned in the
Constitution or any law enacted by Parliament.
• A seat may also be vacated when the holder stands disqualified under the 'Anti-
Defection Law‘
• When the holder of the seat is already a member of the State Legislature and is elected
to the Parliament, he has to vacate his seat in the State Legislature or vice-versa
15. SESSIONS
• The President summons each House of Parliament.
• Each House shall meet at least twice a year
• The interval between two consecutive sessions shall be less than 6 months
• Normally there are three sessions : 1. the Budget Session (February-May)
2. the Monsoon Session (July-August)
3. the Winter Session (November-December)
16. QUORUM
• The quorum means the minimum number of members required to be present in order
to enable the House to transact its business.
• The quorum of Lok Sabha is 1/10 of the total membership
• This means that the house cannot conduct its proceedings and pass bills and
resolutions without the presence of at least one-tenth of its total membership
• The speaker may adjourn the house or suspend the meeting until there is a requisite
quorum
17. QUESTION HOUR
• The first hour on every working day of the Lok Sabha is reserved for questions, This is
known as Question Hour.
• The speaker can decide to cancel it, if required.
• It is intended to keep the functioning of the government open to scrutiny by the
members
• Questions on matter of public interest can be asked
• A member has to give a notice atleast 10-days before asking the question
18. TYPES OF QUESTIONS
1. Stared Questions : These are answered orally. Supplementary questions can be asked after
getting the reply. 10 days notice needs to be given before asking these questions. These
questions are indicated by asterisk mark.
2. Unstarred Questions: These are answered in written form. No Supplementary questions
can be asked after getting the reply. 10 days notice needs to be given before asking these
questions.
3. Short Notice Questions: These questions are asked on urgent & important matters. These
questions are asked with a notice shorter than 10 days. Minister is asked whether he can
reply to the question at a short notice and its upto him to accept or not to accept short
notice questions.
19. ZERO HOUR
• The period which begins at 12 O’ Clock i.e. after the Question Hour
and continues till the Lunch Break which begins at 1 O’ Clock is called
as Zero Hour.
• During this period, members raise all types of questions without any
permission or prior notice.
• The presiding officer controls the House, when faced with heated
discussions, charges and countercharges and constan interruptions by
the members.
20. MOTION : MEANING
A formal proposal made by a member, asking the House, to take up a
matter of public importance is termed as Motion.
22. ADJOURNMENT MOTION
• A proposal to keep aside all other business and take up a ‘definite
matter of urgent importance’ is called as Adjournment Motion.
• Example: Railway Accident, Natural Calamity or Communal Riots etc.
• Such a Motion leads to the interruption of normal business of the
House
23. NO-CONFIDENCE MOTION
• A proposal initiated by the opposition, expressing lack of confidence
in the Ministry is called as No Confidence Motion.
• The council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the entire Lok
Sabha including the Opposition.
• No-Confidence in the government is moved by the opposition
• At least 50 members should support the motion.
• Speaker puts the motion to vote within 10days, if the motion is
passed, then the Government has to resign.
12th Lok Sabha, the
government headed
by Shri Atal Bihari
Vajpayee Lost just
by one vote
24. ADJOURNMENT & PROPOGATION
The Speaker can adjourn a Session of House:
• After the business of the day is over
• When death of a sitting/ex-member of the House occurs
• When there is extreme disorder in the House
• For want of quorum
• As & when the Speaker finds it necessary.
• Prorogation means termination of the session of the Parliament.
• A Speaker can Adjourn a House.
• However, only the President has the power to prorogate the session of Parliament.
25. WHO IS THE SPEAKER ?
• The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha.
• He conducts the business of the House
• He occupies a position of great authority and responsibility
• He has wide powers to maintain discipline in the House
• In the Table of Precedence he ranks higher than all Cabinet Ministers, other than the
Prime Minister himself.
• With respect to the discharge of his powers and functions, the speaker is not
answerable to anyone except the House
26. ELECTION
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha is elected from among it own members, as soon as the newly
elected House meets for the first time.
• When the House dissolves, he/she remains in the office, till a new Speaker is elected.
• The Speaker of Lok Sabha is elected for a term of 5 years.
• The Speaker can be removed if the majority of the House passes a resolution.
• Deputy Speaker takes over the office after his removal or in his absence.
• The Speaker may resign from his post on health or other grounds by submitting a,
letter of resignation to the Deputy Speaker
28. ROLE & FUNCTIONS ON SPEAKER
• The Speaker presides all the meetings of the House.
• The Speaker interprets the rules of the procedure of the House. His
decision is final decision.
• All the Bills passed by the House are signed by him before it is sent to
Rajya Sabha or President.
• The Speaker decides whether the Bill is a Money Bill or not.
• The Speaker decides the admissibility of all questions and resolutions.
30. ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
Administrative Functions of the Speaker of Lok Sabha include:
• The Speaker receives all the petitions and documents in the House.
• He communicates the decisions of the House to the concerned authorities.
• He regulates the admission of visitors and Press correspondents to the
galleries of the House.
31. DISCIPLINARY FUNCTIONS
The Disciplinary Functions of the Speaker of Lok Sabha include:
• The Speaker maintains order in the House. He can suspend a member or in case of grave
disorder can adjourn the House.
• Speaker can expunge (cut) indecent or unparliamentary words used by a member from the
proceedings of the House.
• Speaker decides whether the matter is related to contempt of the House of breach (violation)
of privilege.
• In case, if there is a question about a member’s disqualification under Anti Defection Law,
then as per our Constitution, the decision of the Speaker would be considered as Final
Decision.
32. PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES
•The Speaker is the ex-officio Chairman of some of the committees of
the House such as Business Advisory Committee and the Rules
Committee.
•He appoints the Chairmen of all the Committees of the House.
•He issues directions to the Chairmen in all matter related to their
working and procedures.
33. MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
•The Speaker presides over the joint sessions of both the Houses of the
Parliament.
•In consultation with the Chairman of RajyaSabha, the Speaker
nominates the personnel for Parliamentary Delegations to various
countries.
•Speaker presides the Conference of Presiding Officers of Legislative
Bodies in India.
34. RAJYA SABHA
Composition :
•250 members
•238 members are Elected from the states of the Union.
•12 members are Nominated directly by the President
35. ELECTIONS
•The members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected
members of the Legislative Assembly of each state.
•People -> Members of Legislative Assembly (MLA) -> Members
of Rajya Sabha
•Term : 6years.
•1/3rd of the total number of members retire after every two
year.
36. QUALIFICATIONS & DISQUALIFICATIONS
QUALIFICATIONS :
• Should be Indian citizen
• Should be of at least 30 years of age
• Should have his name in electoral rolls in any
part of the country
• Shouldn’t hold any office of profit under
Government of India
• Shouldn’t be insolvent (no debt)
• Shouldn’t be a proclaimed criminal
• Shouldn’t be of unsound mind
DISQUALIFICATIONS :
• If he holds any office of profit under the
Government of India or the Government of
any state.
• If he is of unsound mind and stands so
declared by a competent court.
• If he is an undischarged insolvent.
• If he is not a citizen of India or has voluntarily
acquired citizenship of a foreign state.
• If he is so disqualified by or under any law
made by the parliament.
37. PRESIDING OFFICER
OF RAJYA SABHA
•Vice President of India is the
presiding officer of the Rajya
Sabha.
•He is the ex-officio Chairman
of Rajya Sabha.
-----------------------------------------
•In his absence: Deputy
Chairman perform these
functions.
Venkaiah Naidu
38. LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF PARLIAMENT
• Matters in the Union List: Parliament makes laws on all 97 subjects mentioned in Union List.
• Matters in the Concurrent List: Parliament makes laws on all 47 subjects mentioned in Concurrent List
• Residuary Powers: Parliament makes laws on all the subjects which aren’t mentioned in any of the 3 lists:
Union/State/Concurrent List.
• Matters in State List: Parliament makes laws on 66 subjects mentioned in State List during Proclamation of
Emergency, Majority proposes that the subject is of National Importance, when two or more states requests
the Parliament to handle the subject.
• Ordinances: President promulgates an ordinance when both the Houses aren’t in Session. However the
same has to approved or rejected within 6 weeks of re-assembly of the Parliament.
• Powers during Emergency: If there is a total breakdown of Constitutional Machinery in the State, the
Parliament becomes the State Legislature and assumes all powers.
39. FINANCIAL POWERS
• The Budget: Parliament passes the Union Budget.
• Supplementary Grants: If the amount authorised for the current financial year isn’t
sufficient, the Government may make a fresh demand known as ‘Supplementary Grants.’
• Vote on Account: If the Union Budget isn’t presented by the Government before 1st April
i.e. Beginning of Financial year then ‘Vote on Account’ authorises the Executive to draw
funds from Consolidated Fund of India until Budget is passed by the Parliament.
• Salaries: Parliament decides the salaries and allowances of MPs, MLAs and other Ministers
of Parliament.
• Permission for Taxes: No tax can be imposed by the Government without approval of the
Parliament.
40. JUDICIAL POWERS
• Impeachment of the President: Parliament can impeach the President, when its
approved by the majority of both the Houses.
• Removal of Judges etc: Parliament can remove Judges of Supreme Court, High Courts,
Chief Election Commissioner etc.
• Punishment: Parliament can punish a person who obstructs the work of Parliament or
a person who shows disrespect to the House.
41. ELECTORAL POWERS
• Appointment of the President: Parliament along with State Legislatures
appoints the President of India.
• Appointment of the Vice-President : Parliament appoints the Vice-President
of India.
• Appointment of Speaker/Deputy Speaker/ Deputy Chairman: Parliament
elects Lok Sabha’s Speaker & Deputy Speaker and Rajya Sabha’s Deputy
Chairman.
42. AMMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
• Both the Houses of Parliament can amend the Constitution.
• 2/3rd of the total number of members of each House should approve the
amendment.
• In some amendments, approval of half of the Legislative Assemblies of States
is also required.
43. CONTROL OVER EXECUTIVE
• Interpellation: During Question Hour & Zero Hour the Government has to answer all the
question related to public importance.
• Vote of No Confidence: If a Government acts against the Constitution then a Vote of No
Confidence is passed against the PM. In such case, the entire Ministry has to resign.
• Adjournment Motion: Motion of adjournment is aimed at censuring the acts of omission
and commission of the Ministers.
• Other Motions of Censure: Parliament controls the Government by passing other motions
like Motion of Censure, rejection of a Government Bill etc.
• Monetary Controls: Parliament keeps a check on the public money spent by the
Government. And it can pass cut motion, if required.
44. SPECIAL POWERS OF RAJYA SABHA
• Make laws on a State Subject: Rajya Sabha can makes laws on subjects mentioned in State
List during Proclamation of Emergency, Majority proposes that the subject is of National
Importance, when two or more states requests the Rajya Sabha to handle the subject. Lok
Sabha has no such authority in such matters.
• Creation of new All-India Services: Rajya Sabha can declare the creation of new All-India
Services be made in the national interest. Lok Sabha has no such authority.
• If Lok Sabha is dissolved before of after the declaration of the National Emergency, then
Rajya Sabha becomes the sole de facto and de jure Parliament i.e. it takes over all the
functions of Parliament.
• Rajya Sabha is a permanent House as it cant be dissolved. 1/3rd of the total number of
members retire after every two year.
45. SPECIAL POWERS OF LOK SABHA
•Money Bills can only be introduced in Lok Sabha. It is sent to Rajya
Sabha where it can be deliberated/check on for upto 14 days.
•Motions of No Confidence against the Government can only be
introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha has no such
power over the Executive.
•In case of a deadlock between the two Houses over a non-financial
(ordinary) bill, the will of the Lok Sabha prevails as its strength is
more than double that of Rajya Sabha.
46. CONCLUSION
India has parliament made up of the Lok sabha, Rajya sabha and The
President. The future of the nation lies within their dicisions. The 545
member of lok sabha, 250 of rajya sabha, the president, the prime
ministers and the council of ministers are representatives of people of
different states. And we citizens of India are the “Keepers of
Democracy”. Hereby my Project on “THE UNION PARLIAMENT”
comes to an end. Any Queries can be mentioned in the questionnaire.