Redundant Arrays of independent disks is a family of techniques that use multiple disks that are organized to provide high performance and/or reliability
Redundant Arrays of independent disks is a family of techniques that use multiple disks that are organized to provide high performance and/or reliability
Overview of Mass Storage Structure
Disk Structure
Disk Attachment
Disk Scheduling
Disk Management
Swap-Space Management
RAID Structure
Disk Attachment
Stable-Storage Implementation
Tertiary Storage Devices
Operating System Issues
Performance Issues
Raid- Redundant Array of Inexpensive DisksMudit Mishra
The basically RAID was to combine multiple, small inexpensive disks drive into an array of disk drives which yields performance exceeding that of a Single, Large Expensive Drive(SLED). Additionally this array of drives appear to the computer as a single logical storage unit or drive.
Basic knowledge of Storage technology and complete understanding on DAS, NAS & SAN with advantages and disadvantages. A quick understanding on storage will help you make the best decision in terms of cost and need.
About Cache Memory
working of cache memory
levels of cache memory
mapping techniques for cache memory
1. direct mapping techniques
2. Fully associative mapping techniques
3. set associative mapping techniques
Cache memroy organization
cache coherency
every thing in detail
Overview of Mass Storage Structure
Disk Structure
Disk Attachment
Disk Scheduling
Disk Management
Swap-Space Management
RAID Structure
Disk Attachment
Stable-Storage Implementation
Tertiary Storage Devices
Operating System Issues
Performance Issues
Raid- Redundant Array of Inexpensive DisksMudit Mishra
The basically RAID was to combine multiple, small inexpensive disks drive into an array of disk drives which yields performance exceeding that of a Single, Large Expensive Drive(SLED). Additionally this array of drives appear to the computer as a single logical storage unit or drive.
Basic knowledge of Storage technology and complete understanding on DAS, NAS & SAN with advantages and disadvantages. A quick understanding on storage will help you make the best decision in terms of cost and need.
About Cache Memory
working of cache memory
levels of cache memory
mapping techniques for cache memory
1. direct mapping techniques
2. Fully associative mapping techniques
3. set associative mapping techniques
Cache memroy organization
cache coherency
every thing in detail
TECHNICAL BRIEF▶ NDMP Backups with Backup Exec 2014Symantec
The Symantec Backup and Recovery product family offers market-leading backup and disaster recovery solutions for critical customer IT resources. This includes Symantec Backup Exec and Symantec NetBackup, leading solutions for enterprise, mid-market and small business customers.
The network data management protocol (NDMP) is an industry-standard programming interface that provides best practice backup and recovery for NAS systems. An NDMP-approach enables a backup server to communicate directly with a NAS filer and to transmit data to the specified backup storage device. NDMP eliminates the need for backup vendors to write device-specific code for NAS devices to facilitate backup.
Some slides on the original design of RAID, a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. Demonstrates the tradeoffs between the varying RAID levels and gives some historical context.
RAID (originally redundant array of inexpensive disks, now commonly redundant array of independent disks) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into a single logical unit for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.
RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a way of storing the same data in different places on multiple hard disks or solid-state drives (SSDs) to protect data in the case of a drive failure
Performance evolution of raid is a presentation slide about RAID, Its classification, Importance,Concept about RAID,Standard Raid Level,Implementation of Raid, Performance and Advantages Comparison among RAID Levels.
Hope It will be helpfull..................
Globus Connect Server Deep Dive - GlobusWorld 2024Globus
We explore the Globus Connect Server (GCS) architecture and experiment with advanced configuration options and use cases. This content is targeted at system administrators who are familiar with GCS and currently operate—or are planning to operate—broader deployments at their institution.
Experience our free, in-depth three-part Tendenci Platform Corporate Membership Management workshop series! In Session 1 on May 14th, 2024, we began with an Introduction and Setup, mastering the configuration of your Corporate Membership Module settings to establish membership types, applications, and more. Then, on May 16th, 2024, in Session 2, we focused on binding individual members to a Corporate Membership and Corporate Reps, teaching you how to add individual members and assign Corporate Representatives to manage dues, renewals, and associated members. Finally, on May 28th, 2024, in Session 3, we covered questions and concerns, addressing any queries or issues you may have.
For more Tendenci AMS events, check out www.tendenci.com/events
In software engineering, the right architecture is essential for robust, scalable platforms. Wix has undergone a pivotal shift from event sourcing to a CRUD-based model for its microservices. This talk will chart the course of this pivotal journey.
Event sourcing, which records state changes as immutable events, provided robust auditing and "time travel" debugging for Wix Stores' microservices. Despite its benefits, the complexity it introduced in state management slowed development. Wix responded by adopting a simpler, unified CRUD model. This talk will explore the challenges of event sourcing and the advantages of Wix's new "CRUD on steroids" approach, which streamlines API integration and domain event management while preserving data integrity and system resilience.
Participants will gain valuable insights into Wix's strategies for ensuring atomicity in database updates and event production, as well as caching, materialization, and performance optimization techniques within a distributed system.
Join us to discover how Wix has mastered the art of balancing simplicity and extensibility, and learn how the re-adoption of the modest CRUD has turbocharged their development velocity, resilience, and scalability in a high-growth environment.
top nidhi software solution freedownloadvrstrong314
This presentation emphasizes the importance of data security and legal compliance for Nidhi companies in India. It highlights how online Nidhi software solutions, like Vector Nidhi Software, offer advanced features tailored to these needs. Key aspects include encryption, access controls, and audit trails to ensure data security. The software complies with regulatory guidelines from the MCA and RBI and adheres to Nidhi Rules, 2014. With customizable, user-friendly interfaces and real-time features, these Nidhi software solutions enhance efficiency, support growth, and provide exceptional member services. The presentation concludes with contact information for further inquiries.
Field Employee Tracking System| MiTrack App| Best Employee Tracking Solution|...informapgpstrackings
Keep tabs on your field staff effortlessly with Informap Technology Centre LLC. Real-time tracking, task assignment, and smart features for efficient management. Request a live demo today!
For more details, visit us : https://informapuae.com/field-staff-tracking/
Climate Science Flows: Enabling Petabyte-Scale Climate Analysis with the Eart...Globus
The Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) is a global network of data servers that archives and distributes the planet’s largest collection of Earth system model output for thousands of climate and environmental scientists worldwide. Many of these petabyte-scale data archives are located in proximity to large high-performance computing (HPC) or cloud computing resources, but the primary workflow for data users consists of transferring data, and applying computations on a different system. As a part of the ESGF 2.0 US project (funded by the United States Department of Energy Office of Science), we developed pre-defined data workflows, which can be run on-demand, capable of applying many data reduction and data analysis to the large ESGF data archives, transferring only the resultant analysis (ex. visualizations, smaller data files). In this talk, we will showcase a few of these workflows, highlighting how Globus Flows can be used for petabyte-scale climate analysis.
Why React Native as a Strategic Advantage for Startup Innovation.pdfayushiqss
Do you know that React Native is being increasingly adopted by startups as well as big companies in the mobile app development industry? Big names like Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest have already integrated this robust open-source framework.
In fact, according to a report by Statista, the number of React Native developers has been steadily increasing over the years, reaching an estimated 1.9 million by the end of 2024. This means that the demand for this framework in the job market has been growing making it a valuable skill.
But what makes React Native so popular for mobile application development? It offers excellent cross-platform capabilities among other benefits. This way, with React Native, developers can write code once and run it on both iOS and Android devices thus saving time and resources leading to shorter development cycles hence faster time-to-market for your app.
Let’s take the example of a startup, which wanted to release their app on both iOS and Android at once. Through the use of React Native they managed to create an app and bring it into the market within a very short period. This helped them gain an advantage over their competitors because they had access to a large user base who were able to generate revenue quickly for them.
Advanced Flow Concepts Every Developer Should KnowPeter Caitens
Tim Combridge from Sensible Giraffe and Salesforce Ben presents some important tips that all developers should know when dealing with Flows in Salesforce.
Gamify Your Mind; The Secret Sauce to Delivering Success, Continuously Improv...Shahin Sheidaei
Games are powerful teaching tools, fostering hands-on engagement and fun. But they require careful consideration to succeed. Join me to explore factors in running and selecting games, ensuring they serve as effective teaching tools. Learn to maintain focus on learning objectives while playing, and how to measure the ROI of gaming in education. Discover strategies for pitching gaming to leadership. This session offers insights, tips, and examples for coaches, team leads, and enterprise leaders seeking to teach from simple to complex concepts.
Providing Globus Services to Users of JASMIN for Environmental Data AnalysisGlobus
JASMIN is the UK’s high-performance data analysis platform for environmental science, operated by STFC on behalf of the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). In addition to its role in hosting the CEDA Archive (NERC’s long-term repository for climate, atmospheric science & Earth observation data in the UK), JASMIN provides a collaborative platform to a community of around 2,000 scientists in the UK and beyond, providing nearly 400 environmental science projects with working space, compute resources and tools to facilitate their work. High-performance data transfer into and out of JASMIN has always been a key feature, with many scientists bringing model outputs from supercomputers elsewhere in the UK, to analyse against observational or other model data in the CEDA Archive. A growing number of JASMIN users are now realising the benefits of using the Globus service to provide reliable and efficient data movement and other tasks in this and other contexts. Further use cases involve long-distance (intercontinental) transfers to and from JASMIN, and collecting results from a mobile atmospheric radar system, pushing data to JASMIN via a lightweight Globus deployment. We provide details of how Globus fits into our current infrastructure, our experience of the recent migration to GCSv5.4, and of our interest in developing use of the wider ecosystem of Globus services for the benefit of our user community.
Cyaniclab : Software Development Agency Portfolio.pdfCyanic lab
CyanicLab, an offshore custom software development company based in Sweden,India, Finland, is your go-to partner for startup development and innovative web design solutions. Our expert team specializes in crafting cutting-edge software tailored to meet the unique needs of startups and established enterprises alike. From conceptualization to execution, we offer comprehensive services including web and mobile app development, UI/UX design, and ongoing software maintenance. Ready to elevate your business? Contact CyanicLab today and let us propel your vision to success with our top-notch IT solutions.
Enhancing Research Orchestration Capabilities at ORNL.pdfGlobus
Cross-facility research orchestration comes with ever-changing constraints regarding the availability and suitability of various compute and data resources. In short, a flexible data and processing fabric is needed to enable the dynamic redirection of data and compute tasks throughout the lifecycle of an experiment. In this talk, we illustrate how we easily leveraged Globus services to instrument the ACE research testbed at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility with flexible data and task orchestration capabilities.
Prosigns: Transforming Business with Tailored Technology SolutionsProsigns
Unlocking Business Potential: Tailored Technology Solutions by Prosigns
Discover how Prosigns, a leading technology solutions provider, partners with businesses to drive innovation and success. Our presentation showcases our comprehensive range of services, including custom software development, web and mobile app development, AI & ML solutions, blockchain integration, DevOps services, and Microsoft Dynamics 365 support.
Custom Software Development: Prosigns specializes in creating bespoke software solutions that cater to your unique business needs. Our team of experts works closely with you to understand your requirements and deliver tailor-made software that enhances efficiency and drives growth.
Web and Mobile App Development: From responsive websites to intuitive mobile applications, Prosigns develops cutting-edge solutions that engage users and deliver seamless experiences across devices.
AI & ML Solutions: Harnessing the power of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Prosigns provides smart solutions that automate processes, provide valuable insights, and drive informed decision-making.
Blockchain Integration: Prosigns offers comprehensive blockchain solutions, including development, integration, and consulting services, enabling businesses to leverage blockchain technology for enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency.
DevOps Services: Prosigns' DevOps services streamline development and operations processes, ensuring faster and more reliable software delivery through automation and continuous integration.
Microsoft Dynamics 365 Support: Prosigns provides comprehensive support and maintenance services for Microsoft Dynamics 365, ensuring your system is always up-to-date, secure, and running smoothly.
Learn how our collaborative approach and dedication to excellence help businesses achieve their goals and stay ahead in today's digital landscape. From concept to deployment, Prosigns is your trusted partner for transforming ideas into reality and unlocking the full potential of your business.
Join us on a journey of innovation and growth. Let's partner for success with Prosigns.
Large Language Models and the End of ProgrammingMatt Welsh
Talk by Matt Welsh at Craft Conference 2024 on the impact that Large Language Models will have on the future of software development. In this talk, I discuss the ways in which LLMs will impact the software industry, from replacing human software developers with AI, to replacing conventional software with models that perform reasoning, computation, and problem-solving.
Your Digital Assistant.
Making complex approach simple. Straightforward process saves time. No more waiting to connect with people that matter to you. Safety first is not a cliché - Securely protect information in cloud storage to prevent any third party from accessing data.
Would you rather make your visitors feel burdened by making them wait? Or choose VizMan for a stress-free experience? VizMan is an automated visitor management system that works for any industries not limited to factories, societies, government institutes, and warehouses. A new age contactless way of logging information of visitors, employees, packages, and vehicles. VizMan is a digital logbook so it deters unnecessary use of paper or space since there is no requirement of bundles of registers that is left to collect dust in a corner of a room. Visitor’s essential details, helps in scheduling meetings for visitors and employees, and assists in supervising the attendance of the employees. With VizMan, visitors don’t need to wait for hours in long queues. VizMan handles visitors with the value they deserve because we know time is important to you.
Feasible Features
One Subscription, Four Modules – Admin, Employee, Receptionist, and Gatekeeper ensures confidentiality and prevents data from being manipulated
User Friendly – can be easily used on Android, iOS, and Web Interface
Multiple Accessibility – Log in through any device from any place at any time
One app for all industries – a Visitor Management System that works for any organisation.
Stress-free Sign-up
Visitor is registered and checked-in by the Receptionist
Host gets a notification, where they opt to Approve the meeting
Host notifies the Receptionist of the end of the meeting
Visitor is checked-out by the Receptionist
Host enters notes and remarks of the meeting
Customizable Components
Scheduling Meetings – Host can invite visitors for meetings and also approve, reject and reschedule meetings
Single/Bulk invites – Invitations can be sent individually to a visitor or collectively to many visitors
VIP Visitors – Additional security of data for VIP visitors to avoid misuse of information
Courier Management – Keeps a check on deliveries like commodities being delivered in and out of establishments
Alerts & Notifications – Get notified on SMS, email, and application
Parking Management – Manage availability of parking space
Individual log-in – Every user has their own log-in id
Visitor/Meeting Analytics – Evaluate notes and remarks of the meeting stored in the system
Visitor Management System is a secure and user friendly database manager that records, filters, tracks the visitors to your organization.
"Secure Your Premises with VizMan (VMS) – Get It Now"
Accelerate Enterprise Software Engineering with PlatformlessWSO2
Key takeaways:
Challenges of building platforms and the benefits of platformless.
Key principles of platformless, including API-first, cloud-native middleware, platform engineering, and developer experience.
How Choreo enables the platformless experience.
How key concepts like application architecture, domain-driven design, zero trust, and cell-based architecture are inherently a part of Choreo.
Demo of an end-to-end app built and deployed on Choreo.
Strategies for Successful Data Migration Tools.pptxvarshanayak241
Data migration is a complex but essential task for organizations aiming to modernize their IT infrastructure and leverage new technologies. By understanding common challenges and implementing these strategies, businesses can achieve a successful migration with minimal disruption. Data Migration Tool like Ask On Data play a pivotal role in this journey, offering features that streamline the process, ensure data integrity, and maintain security. With the right approach and tools, organizations can turn the challenge of data migration into an opportunity for growth and innovation.
Quarkus Hidden and Forbidden ExtensionsMax Andersen
Quarkus has a vast extension ecosystem and is known for its subsonic and subatomic feature set. Some of these features are not as well known, and some extensions are less talked about, but that does not make them less interesting - quite the opposite.
Come join this talk to see some tips and tricks for using Quarkus and some of the lesser known features, extensions and development techniques.
2. YOUR DATA IS LOST@#!!
• Do we have backups of all our data????
- The stuff we cannot afford to lose??
• How often do we do backups???
- Daily, Weekly or Monthly??
• Are they magnetic, optical or physical??
• How long would it take to totally recover from the
disaster???
3. FLOW OF PRESENTATION
• Secondary storage – advantages and limitations
• Increasing Reliability via Redundancy
• RAID
• Mirroring and Data-Striping
• RAID Levels
4. Secondary Storage Devices
• Significant role in storing large amount of data as
memory is expensive
• Plays a vital role when disk is used as virtual memory
• Magnetic in nature
• Characteristically uses a “moving head disk” mechanism
to read and write data
5. RAID : Redundant Array of
Inexpensive Disks
Performance limitation of Disks:
- Performance of a single disk is very limited
• Throughput : 125 reqs/s
• Bandwidth : 20-200MB/s (max) 15-30MB/s (sustained)
• Very difficult to significantly improve the performance of disk
drives
- Disks are electromechanical devices
• Speed gap between disks and CPU/Memory is widening
- CPU speed increases @ 60% / year
- Disks speed increase @ 10-15% / year
• Improvement in disk technologies is still very impressive BUT only
in the capacity / cost area.
6. What does RAID stand for?
In 1987, Patterson, Gibson and Katz at the University of California
Berkeley, published a paper entitled “ A Case for Redundant Array
of Inexpensive Disks(RAID)”.
Described the various types of Disk Arrays, referred to as the
acronym RAID.
The basic idea of RAID was to combine multiple, small inexpensive
disks drive into an array of disk drives which yields performance
exceeding that of a Single, Large Expensive Drive(SLED).
Additionally this array of drives appear to the computer as a single
logical storage unit or drive.
7. Improvement of Reliability via
Redundancy
•In a SLED Reliabity becomes a big problem as the data in an
entire disk may be lost .
As the number of disks per component increases, the
probability of failure also increases .
- Suppose a (reliable) disk fails every 100,000 hrs.
Reliabity of a disk in an array of N disks = Reliability of 1 disk
/ N
100000hrs / 100 = 1000 hrs = 41.66 days !!
Solution ?
Redundancy
9. Mirroring
Duplicate every disk
Logical disk consists of two physical disks.
Every write is carried out on both disks.
If one of the disk fails, data read from the other
Data permanently lost only if the second disk fails before the first
failed disk is replaced.
10. Reliability in Mirroring
Suppose mean time to repair is 10 hrs ,
the mean time to data loss of a mirrored disk system is
100,000 ^ 2 / (2 * 10) hrs ~ 57,000 years !
Main disadvantage :
Most expensive approach .
11. Parallel Disk Systems
• We cannot improve the disk performance significantly as a single
drive
- But many applications require high performance storage systems ?
• Solutions :
- Parallel Disk Systems
- Higher Reliability and Higher data-transfer rate.
12. DATA STRIPING
Fundamental to RAID
A method of concatenating multiple drives into one logical storage
unit.
Splitting the bits of each byte across multiple disks : bit – level
striping
e.g. an array of eight disks, write bit i of each byte to disk I
Sectors are eight times the normal size
Eight times the access rate
Similarly for blocks of file, block-level striping
14. RAID LEVELS
Data are distributed across the array of disk drives
Redundant disk capacity is used to store parity information, which
guarantees data recoverability in case of a disk failure
Levels decided according to schemes to provide redundancy at
lower cost by using striping and “parity” bits
Different cost-performance trade-offs
15. RAID 0
Striping at the level of blocks
Data split across in drives resulting in higher data throughput
Performance is very good but the failure of any disk in the array
results in data loss
RAID 0 commonly referred to as striping
Reliability Problems : No mirroring or parity bits
16. RAID 1
• Introduce redundancy through mirroring
• Expensive
• Performance Issues
-- No data loss if either drive fails
– Good read performance
– Reasonable write performance
• Cost / MB is high
• Commonly referred to as “mirroring”
18. RAID 2
• Uses Hamming (or any other) error-correcting code (ECC)
• Intended for use in drives which do not have built-in error detection
• Central idea is if one of the disks fail the remaining bits of the byte
and the associated ECC bits can be used to reconstruct the data
• Not very popular
f0(b)b2b1b0 b2
f1(b) f2(b)
19. RAID 3
• Improves upon RAID 2, known as Bit-Interleaved Parity
• Disk Controllers can detect whether a sector has been read
correctly.
• Storage overhead is reduced – only 1 parity disk
• Expense of computing and writing parity
• Need to include a dedicated parity hardware
P(b)b2b1b0 b2
20. RAID 4
• Stripes data at a block level across several drives, with parity
stored on one drive - block-interleaved parity
• Allows recovery from the failure of any of the disks
• Performance is very good for reads
• Writes require that parity data be updated each time. Slows small
random writes but large writes are fairly fast
block 0
block 4
block 8
block 12
block 1
block 5
block 9
block 13
block 2
block 6
block 10
block 14
block 3
block 7
block 11
block 15
P(0-3)
P(4-7)
P(8-11)
P(12-15)
21. RAID 5
• Block-interleaved Distributed parity
• Spreads data and parity among all N+1 disks, rather than storing
data in N disks and parity in 1 disk
• Avoids potential overuse of a single parity disk – improvement
over RAID 4
• Most common parity RAID system
block 0
block 4
block 8
block 12
P(16-19)
block 1
block 5
block 9
P(12-15)
block 16
block 2
block 6
P(8-11)
block 13
block 17
block 3
P(4-7)
block 10
block 14
block 18
P(0-3)
block 7
block 11
block 15
block 19
24. RAID 10
• Advantages
– Highly fault tolerant
– High data availability
– Very good read / write performance
• Disadvantages
– Very expensive
• Applications
– Where high performance and redundancy are critical
25. Selecting a RAID Level
•RAID 0 – High-Performance applications where data loss is not
critical
• RAID 1 – High Reliability with fast recovery
• RAID 10/01 – Both performance and reliability are important,
e.g. in small databases
• RAID 5 – Preferred for storing large volumes of data
• RAID 6 – Not Supported currently by many RAID
implementations