Understanding of Camera and Photography Basics

• Photography is the art, application and practice of creating durable images
by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically
by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive
material such as photographic film.
• the art or practice of taking and processing photographs.
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Camera
• A device for recording visual images in the
form of photographs, film, or video signals.

Focal Length
• The distance between the centre of a lens or
curved mirror and its focus.
• Focal length is the distance between the
center of a convex lens or a concave mirror
and the focal point of the lens or mirror — the
point where parallel rays of light meet, or
converge.

Fixed Focal Length/Prime Lens
• Fixed Focal Length Lens. Also referred to as a
"prime lens," the fixed focal length lens (FFL)
has a focal length that is not adjustable.
Photographers are unable to zoom in and out
on a particular subject when using a prime
lens.
• 100mm,50mm,14mm etc

Zoom Lens/Kit Lens
• A lens allowing a camera to change smoothly
from a long shot to a close-up or vice versa by
varying the focal length.
• 18mm-55mm
• 35mm-75mm

Difference between DX and FX
• In digital SLR cameras, the camera's format
refers to the size of its image sensor. Nikon
makes a DX-format sensor and an FX-format
sensor. The DX-format is the smaller sensor at
24x16mm; the larger FX-format sensor
measures 36x24mm which is approximately
the same size as 35mm film.

Difference between Optical Zoom and
Digital Zoom
• An optical zoom is a true zoom lens, like
the zoomlens you'd use on a film camera.
They produce much better-quality
images. Digital zoom: Some cameras offer
a digital zoom, which is simply some in-
camera image processing.

auto focus and manual focus
• Autofocus and manual focus do the same
thing. Both adjust the focus of the camera
lens. But, with autofocus, the camera
determines the sharpest focus using sensors
devoted to measuring it. ... In manual mode,
the photographer must adjust the
lens focus by hand.

which one is better auto mode or
manual mode in camera
• The auto modes (Auto, Program), and semi automatic
modes (Aperture Priority, and Shutter Priority) on
your camera are great places to start. Manual mode is going
to give you much more control over the look of your photos.
... Because manual mode is going to give you much more
control over the look of your photos.

Still Camera
• A still camera is a type of camera used to take
photographs. Traditional cameras capture
light into photographic film.
Digital cameras use electronics, usually a
charge coupled device (CCD) to store digital
images in computer memory inside
the camera.

Digital Camera
• A digital camera records and stores
photographic images in digital form. Many
current models are also able to capture sound
or video, in addition to still images.
• Most digital cameras have a LCD for viewing
both images in the viewfinder and those in
the camera's memory. Kodak, Canon, Sony,
Nikon, Olympus and several other companies
make digital cameras.

Video Camera
• A video camera is a camera used for electronic
motion picture acquisition, initially developed
for the television industry but now common in
other applications as well.

DSLR Camera
• DSLR. DSLR. (Digital Single Lens Reflex) A
digital still image camera that uses a single
lens reflex (SLR) mechanism. Most
professional cameras have been single lens
reflex, although analog film until digital SLRs
emerged in the early 1990s.

What is the difference between SLR
and DSLR camera?
• DSLR and SLR cameras both reflect light that
enters through the lens using a mirrorso that
an image can be seen in a viewfinder.
However, an SLR camera uses a film made of
plastic, gelatin and other material to record
the image - a DSLR captures the image
digitally, on a memory card.

Camcorder
• A camcorder is an electronic device originally
combining a video camera and a videocassette
recorder. The earliest camcorders were tape-
based, recording analog signals onto
videotape cassettes. In 2006, digital recording
became the norm, with tape replaced by
storage media such as internal flash memory
and SD

Exposure Triangle
• Shutter
• Aperture
• ISO
• White Balance

Shutter Speed
• shutter speed or exposure time is the length
of time when the film or digital sensor inside
the camera is exposed to light, also when
a camera's shutter is open when taking a
photograph. The amount of light that reaches
the film or image sensor is proportional to the
exposure time.

Aperture
• The aperture stop of a photographic lens can
be adjusted to control the amount of light
reaching the film or image sensor. In
combination with variation of shutter speed,
the aperture size will regulate the film's or
image sensor's degree of exposure to light.

ISO (International Standards
Organization)
• In Digital Photography ISO measures the
sensitivity of the image sensor. The same
principles apply as in film photography – the
lower the number the less sensitive
your camera is to light and the finer the grain.
HigherISO settings are generally used in
darker situations to get faster shutter speeds.

White Balance
• White balance is a cameracontrol that adjusts
the camera's color sensitivity to match the
prevailing color of outdoor light (cooler),
indoor light (warmer) or fluorescent light
(greener). On mostcameras, white
balance may be set either automatically or
manually.
• White balance basically means
colour balance.

SD,HD,FHD,4K,8K

Difference between pal and NTSC
• The Difference Between
NTSC and PAL. NTSC stands for National
Television Standards Committee. PAL stands
for Phase Alternating Line. NTSC is the
standard broadcast format in the United
States, while PAL is the standard broadcast
format in Europe, Australia, and parts of Asia.

Videos Format
• AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
• FLV (Flash Video Format)
• WMV (Windows Media Video)
• MOV (Apple QuickTime Movie)
• MP4 (Moving Pictures Expert Group 4)

Images File Format
• Gif (Graphic Interchange Format)
• Jpeg (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
• PDF (Portable document format)
• Tiff (Tagged Image File Format)
• Raw
• PNG (Portable Network Graphics)

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Understanding of Camera and Photography Basics

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