This document discusses various UML diagrams including class diagrams, use case diagrams, and their advantages and disadvantages. It provides an example class diagram for the abstract factory design pattern. Use case diagrams are used to gather system requirements and show interactions between actors and use cases. They provide an outside view of a system and can be used in both forward and reverse engineering. While useful for requirements analysis, use case diagrams do not describe implementation details.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a diagramming language used for object-oriented programming. It can be used to describe the organization, execution, use, and deployment of a program. UML uses graphical notation to provide an overall view of a system, and is not dependent on any one programming language. There are several types of UML diagrams including class, component, deployment, object, package, and use case diagrams. Structure diagrams show objects in a system, while behavioral diagrams show how objects interact. Common diagrams include class, use case, activity, state machine, sequence, and communication diagrams.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is used for object-oriented modeling and consists of 14 diagram types used to model the structure, behavior, and business processes of an application. The most commonly used diagram is the class diagram, which shows classes, attributes, operations, and relationships between classes. Other diagram types include component diagrams, deployment diagrams, object diagrams, package diagrams, use case diagrams, activity diagrams, state machine diagrams, sequence diagrams, and communication diagrams. An example of modeling an online shopping system is provided using user case diagrams, domain models, activity diagrams, and component diagrams.
The document provides information about UML (Unified Modeling Language), including its goals, why it is used, and common diagram types. UML is a standard language for specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems and business processes. It uses mainly graphical notations to express the design of software projects. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. Each diagram type shows different aspects of a system and allows developers and customers to view it from different perspectives.
What is UML (Unified Modeling Language)?Eliza Wright
What is UML? Read our guide to learn all the answers, including which diagrams are made with the Unified Modeling Language and how you can create UML diagrams of your own.
The document discusses UML (Unified Modeling Language) and object-oriented software development. It describes the software development life cycle and various modeling techniques used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains key UML concepts such as classes, objects, attributes, operations, actors, and relationships. The benefits of visual modeling and UML are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its building blocks, diagrams, and the Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology. It defines UML, explains its advantages for visualizing, specifying, and constructing systems. It describes the different types of UML elements including structural things like classes and interfaces, behavioral things like interactions and state machines, and grouping and annotational things. It also outlines the different UML diagrams for modeling a system from various perspectives and the four phases of the iterative RUP methodology.
Introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML)Marwa Ali Eissa
This Lesson covers the following topics :
Exploring the Benefits of Modeling Software
What Is a Model ?
Why Model software ?
OOSD as Model Transformation
Defining the UML
UML Elements
UML Diagrams
UML Diagrams Categories
UML CASE Tools
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a diagramming language used for object-oriented programming. It can be used to describe the organization, execution, use, and deployment of a program. UML uses graphical notation to provide an overall view of a system, and is not dependent on any one programming language. There are several types of UML diagrams including class, component, deployment, object, package, and use case diagrams. Structure diagrams show objects in a system, while behavioral diagrams show how objects interact. Common diagrams include class, use case, activity, state machine, sequence, and communication diagrams.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is used for object-oriented modeling and consists of 14 diagram types used to model the structure, behavior, and business processes of an application. The most commonly used diagram is the class diagram, which shows classes, attributes, operations, and relationships between classes. Other diagram types include component diagrams, deployment diagrams, object diagrams, package diagrams, use case diagrams, activity diagrams, state machine diagrams, sequence diagrams, and communication diagrams. An example of modeling an online shopping system is provided using user case diagrams, domain models, activity diagrams, and component diagrams.
The document provides information about UML (Unified Modeling Language), including its goals, why it is used, and common diagram types. UML is a standard language for specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems and business processes. It uses mainly graphical notations to express the design of software projects. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. Each diagram type shows different aspects of a system and allows developers and customers to view it from different perspectives.
What is UML (Unified Modeling Language)?Eliza Wright
What is UML? Read our guide to learn all the answers, including which diagrams are made with the Unified Modeling Language and how you can create UML diagrams of your own.
The document discusses UML (Unified Modeling Language) and object-oriented software development. It describes the software development life cycle and various modeling techniques used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains key UML concepts such as classes, objects, attributes, operations, actors, and relationships. The benefits of visual modeling and UML are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its building blocks, diagrams, and the Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology. It defines UML, explains its advantages for visualizing, specifying, and constructing systems. It describes the different types of UML elements including structural things like classes and interfaces, behavioral things like interactions and state machines, and grouping and annotational things. It also outlines the different UML diagrams for modeling a system from various perspectives and the four phases of the iterative RUP methodology.
Introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML)Marwa Ali Eissa
This Lesson covers the following topics :
Exploring the Benefits of Modeling Software
What Is a Model ?
Why Model software ?
OOSD as Model Transformation
Defining the UML
UML Elements
UML Diagrams
UML Diagrams Categories
UML CASE Tools
The document provides an overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML) and how it can be used for modeling software systems, including an introduction to UML, its basic building blocks such as diagrams and relationships, and descriptions of various UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and their purposes and notations. The document also discusses object-oriented concepts and how UML supports modeling objects, classes, interactions and behaviors through its different diagram types.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems. It uses various diagrams to model different views of a system, such as structural diagrams (e.g. class diagrams), behavioral diagrams (e.g. sequence diagrams), and deployment diagrams. The key building blocks of UML include things (classes, interfaces, use cases), relationships (associations, generalizations), and diagrams. UML aims to provide a clear blueprint of software systems for both technical and non-technical audiences.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses what UML is, why it is used, its history and development, core concepts like models, views and diagrams, and basic modeling elements like use cases, classes, and relationships. The key information covered in the document includes an overview of UML, its origins and standardization, conceptual modeling with models and views, and basic modeling techniques using use cases and class diagrams.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) which is a standard language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. UML helps visualize a system, specify its structure and behavior, provide a template for construction and means of documentation. It includes various diagram types like class, sequence, use case diagrams to model different aspects of a system.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software system artifacts, enabling a systematic approach to analysis, design, and implementation. This document discusses UML's history, building blocks like classes, use cases, relationships, and diagrams for modeling a system's structure and behavior statically and dynamically. The key UML diagram types covered are class, object, component, deployment, use case, sequence, collaboration, state, and activity diagrams.
The document discusses object oriented design and analysis, specifically focusing on UML views. It states that a system can best be described using five interlocking views: the use case view, design view, implementation view, process view, and deployment view. Each view provides a different perspective and projection of the system's organization, structure, and functionality for various stakeholders.
An Automatic Approach to Translate Use Cases to Sequence DiagramsMohammed Misbhauddin
An automatic approach is presented to translate use case descriptions to sequence diagrams. The approach uses a metamodel for use case specifications and sequence diagrams to guide the translation process. Key steps include parsing use case steps, identifying mapping rules between meta-models, and applying a translation process. An evaluation on sample student projects found the approach produced most sequence diagram constructs from use case sentences, addressing a gap between specification and design domains. Future work includes handling compound sentences and increasing classification rates using artificial intelligence.
The document discusses use cases, including their definition, purpose, and best practices for documenting them. Specifically, it defines a use case as a scenario that describes limited interaction between a system and actors. It also outlines how to identify actors, draw use case diagrams, write verbal descriptions of use cases, and audit existing documentation based on use case analysis.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including:
1) UML consists of 9 diagrams used at different stages of software development for requirements analysis, design, and deployment.
2) UML diagrams can be classified as static, dynamic, or implementation based on whether they depict the structural, behavioral, or deployment aspects of a system.
3) Popular UML tools should support features like generating code from diagrams, reverse engineering code into diagrams, and integrating with IDEs. Rational Rose is a widely used UML modeling tool.
The document provides an overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its history, basic building blocks, and types of diagrams. It describes that UML was created in the 1990s to standardize modeling languages and combines concepts from object-oriented analysis and design. The basic building blocks of UML are things (model elements), relationships, and diagrams used to visualize models. There are several types of diagrams for structural and behavioral modeling.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. It uses graphical notations to express the design of object-oriented software projects. UML includes diagrams, relationships and elements that help design different perspectives of a system including design, implementation, process and deployment. The key building blocks of UML are things (like classes and use cases), relationships (like generalization and dependency), and diagrams (like class, sequence and deployment diagrams) which are used to model different aspects of a software system.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing and documenting software systems. It uses mainly graphical notations to express design of software projects. There are two main categories of UML diagrams - structural diagrams which focus on static elements regardless of time, and behavioral diagrams which focus on dynamic features and business processes. Common UML diagram types include class, sequence, use case, activity, state machine, component, deployment and interaction diagrams.
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-
purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field
of software engineering, that is intended to provide a
standard way to visualize the design of a system.
UML allows for extending diagrams and modeling elements through three main techniques:
1. Stereotypes allow applying tags to existing modeling elements like classes, associations, etc. to add domain-specific meaning.
2. Profiles extend UML with new modeling elements tailored for specific domains or platforms.
3. Extension mechanisms allow precisely defining new constructs that integrate with the UML metamodel. Together these techniques make UML extensible for multiple domains.
UML Diagrams- Unified Modeling Language IntroductionRamakant Soni
The document provides an overview of a 3 hour lecture on object oriented modeling using UML, including definitions of key concepts like models, modeling, objects, and the Unified Modeling Language. It discusses why modeling is used, how it is done in UML, and examples of object oriented concepts and how UML can be applied, with the goal of teaching students how to design object-oriented programs and software development methodology using UML.
The document discusses software architecture and the Rational Unified Process (RUP). It provides definitions of key terms:
1) Software architecture is a structural plan that describes system elements, how they fit together, and how they work together to fulfill requirements. It guides implementation and sets expectations.
2) The RUP is an iterative process focusing on requirements and design. Each iteration captures requirements, performs analysis/design, implements, and tests to evolve the system. Risks are assessed and prioritized to guide iterations.
3) The RUP uses multiple "views" including use cases, components, and interactions to represent a system from different stakeholder perspectives.
This document provides an overview of use case diagrams in object oriented design and analysis. It defines key components of a use case diagram including actors, use cases, the system boundary, and relationships between these elements. Actors represent people or systems that interact with the system, while use cases describe specific functions or services provided by the system. Relationships such as include, extend, and association are used to connect actors to use cases and illustrate how use cases relate to each other. The purpose of a use case diagram is to depict the functionality of a system from the user's perspective and illustrate the developer's understanding of user requirements.
Use case diagrams describe interactions between actors and a system to accomplish goals. A use case diagram typically includes:
1) Actors that interact with the system from outside, such as users or other systems. Common actor types are primary actors whose goals are fulfilled by the system and supporting actors that provide services.
2) Use cases that represent functions or tasks performed by the system. They are connected to relevant actors and may have relationships like include and extend.
3) Relationships between use cases like include, which shows a use case incorporating another, and extend, where a use case optionally extends another.
Use case diagrams provide an overview of a system's functions and how outside actors interact with them at a
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to create visual representations of object-oriented software systems. It includes various diagram types to depict different views of a system, such as use case diagrams (user functionality), class diagrams (system structure), statechart diagrams (object states), sequence diagrams (object interactions), and activity diagrams (system workflows). UML provides a common language for discussing and designing software systems and standard visual symbols for expressing models.
Software Engineering Tools and Practices.pdfMeagGhn
This document discusses software engineering practices and tools, including the software crisis and issues like increasing complexity, poor quality, high costs and delays. It introduces Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard way to visually model software systems using diagrams. It describes different types of UML models including structural, behavioral and architectural modeling. It also discusses concepts like the software development life cycle, configuration management, revision control systems and how to create UML diagrams like use case diagrams and sequence diagrams.
The document provides information about UML (Unified Modeling Language), including its goals, why it is used, and common diagram types. UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems and other non-software systems. It uses mostly graphical notations to express the design of software projects. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. Each diagram type displays different aspects of a system and can be used at various stages of development.
The document provides an overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML) and how it can be used for modeling software systems, including an introduction to UML, its basic building blocks such as diagrams and relationships, and descriptions of various UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and their purposes and notations. The document also discusses object-oriented concepts and how UML supports modeling objects, classes, interactions and behaviors through its different diagram types.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems. It uses various diagrams to model different views of a system, such as structural diagrams (e.g. class diagrams), behavioral diagrams (e.g. sequence diagrams), and deployment diagrams. The key building blocks of UML include things (classes, interfaces, use cases), relationships (associations, generalizations), and diagrams. UML aims to provide a clear blueprint of software systems for both technical and non-technical audiences.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses what UML is, why it is used, its history and development, core concepts like models, views and diagrams, and basic modeling elements like use cases, classes, and relationships. The key information covered in the document includes an overview of UML, its origins and standardization, conceptual modeling with models and views, and basic modeling techniques using use cases and class diagrams.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) which is a standard language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. UML helps visualize a system, specify its structure and behavior, provide a template for construction and means of documentation. It includes various diagram types like class, sequence, use case diagrams to model different aspects of a system.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software system artifacts, enabling a systematic approach to analysis, design, and implementation. This document discusses UML's history, building blocks like classes, use cases, relationships, and diagrams for modeling a system's structure and behavior statically and dynamically. The key UML diagram types covered are class, object, component, deployment, use case, sequence, collaboration, state, and activity diagrams.
The document discusses object oriented design and analysis, specifically focusing on UML views. It states that a system can best be described using five interlocking views: the use case view, design view, implementation view, process view, and deployment view. Each view provides a different perspective and projection of the system's organization, structure, and functionality for various stakeholders.
An Automatic Approach to Translate Use Cases to Sequence DiagramsMohammed Misbhauddin
An automatic approach is presented to translate use case descriptions to sequence diagrams. The approach uses a metamodel for use case specifications and sequence diagrams to guide the translation process. Key steps include parsing use case steps, identifying mapping rules between meta-models, and applying a translation process. An evaluation on sample student projects found the approach produced most sequence diagram constructs from use case sentences, addressing a gap between specification and design domains. Future work includes handling compound sentences and increasing classification rates using artificial intelligence.
The document discusses use cases, including their definition, purpose, and best practices for documenting them. Specifically, it defines a use case as a scenario that describes limited interaction between a system and actors. It also outlines how to identify actors, draw use case diagrams, write verbal descriptions of use cases, and audit existing documentation based on use case analysis.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including:
1) UML consists of 9 diagrams used at different stages of software development for requirements analysis, design, and deployment.
2) UML diagrams can be classified as static, dynamic, or implementation based on whether they depict the structural, behavioral, or deployment aspects of a system.
3) Popular UML tools should support features like generating code from diagrams, reverse engineering code into diagrams, and integrating with IDEs. Rational Rose is a widely used UML modeling tool.
The document provides an overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its history, basic building blocks, and types of diagrams. It describes that UML was created in the 1990s to standardize modeling languages and combines concepts from object-oriented analysis and design. The basic building blocks of UML are things (model elements), relationships, and diagrams used to visualize models. There are several types of diagrams for structural and behavioral modeling.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. It uses graphical notations to express the design of object-oriented software projects. UML includes diagrams, relationships and elements that help design different perspectives of a system including design, implementation, process and deployment. The key building blocks of UML are things (like classes and use cases), relationships (like generalization and dependency), and diagrams (like class, sequence and deployment diagrams) which are used to model different aspects of a software system.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing and documenting software systems. It uses mainly graphical notations to express design of software projects. There are two main categories of UML diagrams - structural diagrams which focus on static elements regardless of time, and behavioral diagrams which focus on dynamic features and business processes. Common UML diagram types include class, sequence, use case, activity, state machine, component, deployment and interaction diagrams.
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-
purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field
of software engineering, that is intended to provide a
standard way to visualize the design of a system.
UML allows for extending diagrams and modeling elements through three main techniques:
1. Stereotypes allow applying tags to existing modeling elements like classes, associations, etc. to add domain-specific meaning.
2. Profiles extend UML with new modeling elements tailored for specific domains or platforms.
3. Extension mechanisms allow precisely defining new constructs that integrate with the UML metamodel. Together these techniques make UML extensible for multiple domains.
UML Diagrams- Unified Modeling Language IntroductionRamakant Soni
The document provides an overview of a 3 hour lecture on object oriented modeling using UML, including definitions of key concepts like models, modeling, objects, and the Unified Modeling Language. It discusses why modeling is used, how it is done in UML, and examples of object oriented concepts and how UML can be applied, with the goal of teaching students how to design object-oriented programs and software development methodology using UML.
The document discusses software architecture and the Rational Unified Process (RUP). It provides definitions of key terms:
1) Software architecture is a structural plan that describes system elements, how they fit together, and how they work together to fulfill requirements. It guides implementation and sets expectations.
2) The RUP is an iterative process focusing on requirements and design. Each iteration captures requirements, performs analysis/design, implements, and tests to evolve the system. Risks are assessed and prioritized to guide iterations.
3) The RUP uses multiple "views" including use cases, components, and interactions to represent a system from different stakeholder perspectives.
This document provides an overview of use case diagrams in object oriented design and analysis. It defines key components of a use case diagram including actors, use cases, the system boundary, and relationships between these elements. Actors represent people or systems that interact with the system, while use cases describe specific functions or services provided by the system. Relationships such as include, extend, and association are used to connect actors to use cases and illustrate how use cases relate to each other. The purpose of a use case diagram is to depict the functionality of a system from the user's perspective and illustrate the developer's understanding of user requirements.
Use case diagrams describe interactions between actors and a system to accomplish goals. A use case diagram typically includes:
1) Actors that interact with the system from outside, such as users or other systems. Common actor types are primary actors whose goals are fulfilled by the system and supporting actors that provide services.
2) Use cases that represent functions or tasks performed by the system. They are connected to relevant actors and may have relationships like include and extend.
3) Relationships between use cases like include, which shows a use case incorporating another, and extend, where a use case optionally extends another.
Use case diagrams provide an overview of a system's functions and how outside actors interact with them at a
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to create visual representations of object-oriented software systems. It includes various diagram types to depict different views of a system, such as use case diagrams (user functionality), class diagrams (system structure), statechart diagrams (object states), sequence diagrams (object interactions), and activity diagrams (system workflows). UML provides a common language for discussing and designing software systems and standard visual symbols for expressing models.
Software Engineering Tools and Practices.pdfMeagGhn
This document discusses software engineering practices and tools, including the software crisis and issues like increasing complexity, poor quality, high costs and delays. It introduces Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard way to visually model software systems using diagrams. It describes different types of UML models including structural, behavioral and architectural modeling. It also discusses concepts like the software development life cycle, configuration management, revision control systems and how to create UML diagrams like use case diagrams and sequence diagrams.
The document provides information about UML (Unified Modeling Language), including its goals, why it is used, and common diagram types. UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems and other non-software systems. It uses mostly graphical notations to express the design of software projects. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. Each diagram type displays different aspects of a system and can be used at various stages of development.
The document discusses various phases of the software development life cycle (SDLC) including analysis, design, coding, and testing.
In the analysis phase, it discusses software requirements specifications, business analysts, and their roles in initiating projects, elaborating details, and supporting implementation.
The design phase covers use case diagrams, data flow diagrams, sequence diagrams, and class diagrams. It provides examples of how to draw and use each type of diagram.
Coding involves programming languages like Java. Testing discusses the JUnit testing framework and Selenium, an open source web testing tool, covering their features and why Selenium is commonly used for automated testing.
The document discusses various phases of the software development life cycle (SDLC) including analysis, design, coding, and testing.
In the analysis phase, it discusses software requirements specifications, business analysts, and their roles in initiating projects, elaborating details, and supporting implementation.
The design phase covers use case diagrams, data flow diagrams, sequence diagrams, and class diagrams. It provides examples of how to draw and use each type of diagram.
Coding involves programming languages like Java. Testing discusses the JUnit testing framework and Selenium, an open source web testing tool, covering their features and why Selenium is commonly used for automated testing.
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) uses visual modeling techniques like the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to analyze and design systems based on interacting objects. UML captures system elements and facilitates specification and visualization. It includes static diagrams for non-changing characteristics and dynamic diagrams for changing behaviors. The goal of OOAD and UML is to integrate analysis and development teams through defined processes and modeling.
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) uses visual modeling techniques like the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to analyze and design systems based on interacting objects. UML captures system elements and facilitates specification and visualization. It includes static diagrams for non-changing characteristics and dynamic diagrams for changing behaviors. The goal of OOAD and UML is to integrate analysis and development teams through defined processes and modeling.
FORMALIZATION & DATA ABSTRACTION DURING USE CASE MODELING IN OBJECT ORIENTED ...cscpconf
In object oriented analysis and design, use cases represent the things of value that the system performs for its actors in UML and unified process. Use cases are not functions or features.
They allow us to get behavioral abstraction of the system to be. The purpose of the behavioral abstraction is to get to the heart of what a system must do, we must first focus on who (or what)
will use it, or be used by it. After we do this, we look at what the system must do for those users in order to do something useful. That is what exactly we expect from the use cases as the
behavioral abstraction. Apart from this fact use cases are the poor candidates for the data abstraction. Rather the do not have data abstraction. The main reason is it shows or describes
the sequence of events or actions performed by the actor or use case, it does not take data in to account. As we know in earlier stages of the development we believe in ‘what’ rather than
‘how’. ‘What’ does not need to include data whereas ‘how’ depicts the data. As use case moves around ‘what’ only we are not able to extract the data. So in order to incorporate data in use cases one must feel the need of data at the initial stages of the development. We have developed the technique to integrate data in to the uses cases. This paper is regarding our investigations to take care of data during early stages of the software development. The collected abstraction of data helps in the analysis and then assist in forming the attributes of the candidate classes. This makes sure that we will not miss any attribute that is required in the abstracted behavior using use cases. Formalization adds to the accuracy of the data abstraction. We have investigated object constraint language to perform better data abstraction during analysis & design in unified paradigm. In this paper we have presented our research regarding early stage data abstraction and its formalization.
Formalization & data abstraction during use case modeling in object oriented ...csandit
This document discusses formalization and data abstraction during use case modeling in object-oriented analysis and design. It provides background on use case modeling and describes how data can be abstracted from use case steps. The document then presents a case study on an e-retail system to demonstrate modeling use cases, actors, and their relationships. It also discusses using activity diagrams to represent use case flows and the Object Constraint Language to add formalism and accuracy to data abstraction during analysis and design.
UML is a standard modeling language used to visualize the design of a system. It provides standard diagrams to model both structural and behavioral aspects of a system. The main structural diagrams are class, component, deployment, and package diagrams which show the static design. The main behavioral diagrams are state machine, activity, use case, sequence, and communication diagrams which show the dynamic behavior. UML helps with communication between teams and analysis during system design.
The document discusses object-oriented design and analysis. It covers key aspects of the design phase including identifying classes, class responsibilities, and relationships between classes. The purposes of the design phase are to gather information for implementation, reduce implementation time and cost, and be the most time-consuming phase. Results of design include text descriptions and diagrams depicting relationships, usage scenarios, and state changes. The document also discusses translating analysis concepts into design, including understanding quality attributes, constraints, and requirements.
Introduction to Unified Modeling LanguageAMITJain879
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses that UML is a modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document software artifacts. UML provides notations like rectangles, lines and ellipses to create visual models of systems. It also standardizes existing object-oriented modeling notations. The conceptual model of UML has three main elements - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things can be structural, behavioral, grouping or annotational. Relationships show how elements are associated. Diagrams provide different perspectives of software systems.
The document discusses the Unified Approach (UA) methodology for software development proposed by Ali Bahrami. The UA aims to combine the best practices of other methodologies like Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson while using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The core of the UA is use case-driven development. It establishes a unified framework around these methodologies using UML for modeling and documenting the software development process. The UA allows for iterative development by allowing moving between analysis, design, and modeling phases.
The document discusses use case diagrams in UML modeling. It defines key components of use case diagrams including use cases, actors, the system boundary, and relationships like include, extend, and generalization. It provides examples of how to construct a use case diagram based on system functions and user goals. Specific use case diagram examples shown include an online ordering system and a vending machine.
UML collaboration diagrams illustrate the relationship and interaction between software objects by showing the messages sent between classes and objects to achieve an operation. They require existing use cases, system operations, and domain models. A collaboration diagram is created for each system operation relating to the current development cycle. Software developers and program managers can use collaboration diagrams to represent software applications and structures.
The document discusses object-oriented databases (OODBs). It states that choosing the right OODB architecture is crucial for performance and scalability, more so than with relational databases. With OODBs, the application architecture has a greater impact on performance compared to relational databases, as OODBs provide more direct access to persistent data. Consequently, the application architecture affects performance and scalability more than the choice of OODB.
UML stands for Unified Modelling Language.
UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting a system in which software represents the most significant part.
UML is different from the other common programming languages like C++, Java, COBOL etc.
UML is a pictorial language used to make software blue prints.
UML can serve as a central notation for software development process. Using UML helps project teams communicate, explore potential designs, and validate the architectural designs of software.
UML diagrams are made using notation of things and relationships.
The building blocks of UML can be defined as:
Things
Relationships
Diagrams
Things: Things are the most important building blocks of UML. Things can be:
Structural
Behavioral
Grouping
Annotational
The Structural things define the static part of the model. They represent physical and conceptual elements. Following are the brief descriptions of the structural things.
Class: Class represents set of objects having similar responsibilities.
Interface: Interface defines a set of operations which specify the responsibility of a class.
Collaboration: Collaboration defines interaction between elements.
Use case: Use case represents a set of actions performed by a system for a specific goal.
Component: Component describes physical part of a system.
Node: A node can be defined as a physical element that exists at run time.
A behavioral thing consists of the dynamic parts of UML models. Following are the behavioral things:
Interaction: Interaction is defined as a behavior that consists of a group of messages exchanged among elements to accomplish a specific task.
State machine: State machine is useful when the state of an object in its life cycle is important. It defines the sequence of states an object goes through in response to events. Events are external factors responsible for state change.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its history, purpose, key diagrams, and popular modeling tools. UML was developed to provide a standard modeling language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. It includes nine commonly used diagram types for different views of a system. The diagrams can be categorized as static, dynamic, or implementation based on whether they describe a system's structure, behavior, or deployment. Popular UML modeling tools help generate code from diagrams and reverse engineer diagrams from code.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to design software systems. It uses various graphical diagrams to visualize different aspects of a system, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, activity diagrams, and more. UML was created to provide a standard way to communicate designs between developers, customers, and other stakeholders.
Unified Modeling Language in Software Engineeringsimmis5
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose modeling language. The main aim of UML is to define a standard way to visualize the way a system has been designed. It is quite similar to blueprints used in other fields of engineering. UML is not a programming language, it is rather a visual language.
We use UML diagrams to portray the behavior and structure of a system.
UML helps software engineers, businessmen, and system architects with modeling, design, and analysis.
The Object Management Group (OMG) adopted Unified Modelling Language as a standard in 1997. It’s been managed by OMG ever since.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published UML as an approved standard in 2005. UML has been revised over the years and is reviewed periodically.
Person
+Specialization:String
Employee:Person
+Dept:String
+Salary:float
Manager:Employee
+NoOfReports:int
Generalization
Inheritance
Specialization
Con...
Inheritance:
Is a mechanism in which one class acquires the properties and
behaviors of another class.
The inheriting class is called a subclass or derived class and the
class whose properties and behaviors are inherited is called a
superclass or base class.
Specialization:
Is a generalization relationship between a generalized entity and a
more specific entity.
Generalization
INTRODUCTION TO AI CLASSICAL THEORY TARGETED EXAMPLESanfaltahir1010
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medicine.
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datasets.
Visuals: Include graphics representing data management challenges and technological solutions.
Objective: Acknowledge the data-related challenges in precision medicine and highlight innovative solutions.
Data challenges: Address the challenges associated with managing large sets of patient data in precision
medicine.
Technological solutions: Discuss technological innovations and solutions
Measures in SQL (SIGMOD 2024, Santiago, Chile)Julian Hyde
SQL has attained widespread adoption, but Business Intelligence tools still use their own higher level languages based upon a multidimensional paradigm. Composable calculations are what is missing from SQL, and we propose a new kind of column, called a measure, that attaches a calculation to a table. Like regular tables, tables with measures are composable and closed when used in queries.
SQL-with-measures has the power, conciseness and reusability of multidimensional languages but retains SQL semantics. Measure invocations can be expanded in place to simple, clear SQL.
To define the evaluation semantics for measures, we introduce context-sensitive expressions (a way to evaluate multidimensional expressions that is consistent with existing SQL semantics), a concept called evaluation context, and several operations for setting and modifying the evaluation context.
A talk at SIGMOD, June 9–15, 2024, Santiago, Chile
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UML Design
1. DebashisBiswas
Assignment on
UML Class diagram, Use case diagram, Object diagram and
State chart diagram
Course Code : CSE 332
Course title : Software Engineering
Submitted to
Mahedi Hasan
lecturer
Department of
Computer Science and Engineering
Daffodil International University
Submitted by
Debashis Biswas
ID : 143-15-4315
Sec: A (eve), Batch : 24
2. DebashisBiswas
What is UML class diagram ?
In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified
Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static structure
diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the
system's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and
the relationships among objects.
Why we use UML Class diagram ?
A visual modeling language, such as UML, allows software to
be visualized in multiple dimension, so that a computer system
can be completely understood before construction begins.
Furthermore, UML can be used to produce several models at
increasing levels of detail.
Example :
Abstract Factory is creational software design pattern. This
pattern provides interfaces for creating families of related or
dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes.
Client software creates a concrete implementation of the abstract
factory and then uses the generic interfaces to create the
concrete objects that are part of the family of objects. The client
does not know or care which concrete objects it gets from each
3. DebashisBiswas
of these concrete factories since it uses only the generic
interfaces of their products.
Use of this pattern makes it possible to interchange families of
concrete classes without changing the code that uses them. It
separates details of implementation of a set of objects from their
usage.
FIG 1: UML class diagram example for the Abstract Factory Design Pattern.
4. DebashisBiswas
Advantage and disadvantage of UML class diagram
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a graphical language
for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the
artifacts of software-intensive systems.
This is a language’ for specifying design details not a method or
procedure.
Advantages of UML
1) The UML can be used to model just about any type of
application, running on any type and combination of hardware,
operating system, programming language, and network, in
UML.
2) UML can be used for modeling middleware and this is
effective for modeling large, complex software systems
3) Built upon the Microsoft Operating Framework (MOF) met
model for object oriented modeling.
4) UML Profiles (that is, subsets of UML tailored for specific
purposes) help to model Transactional, Real-time, and Fault-
Tolerant systems in a natural way.
5. DebashisBiswas
5) This has an ability to generate test scripts apart from stub
code when integrated with Integrated development network.
6) The reverse engineering support, UML regenerate design
level artifacts in accordance with the changes you made to the
structure of class relationship
Disadvantages of UML
1) UML does not define a standard file format, meaning that
each UML tool vendor stores the representation of its UML
model in a proprietary format.
2) The result is that the UML model is generally limited to
what the vendor provides out of the box, which is usually some
form of code generation. Code will be generated once.
3) UML is large and complex (very much like the systems it
wants to model) Comprises many different concepts and
imprecise semantics 4) Synchronizing code with models is
difficult: Using multiple models/diagrams makes it difficult to
keep them consistent with each other and the code and much
code has to be added by hand
6. DebashisBiswas
what is use case diagram ?
To model a system the most important aspect is to capture the
dynamic behavior. To clarify a bit in details, dynamic
behavior means the behavior of the system when it is running
/operating.
So only static behavior is not sufficient to model a system
rather dynamic behavior is more important than static behavior.
In UML there are five diagrams available to model dynamic
nature and use case diagram is one of them. Now as we have to
discuss that the use case diagram is dynamic in nature there
should be some internal or external factors for making the
interaction.
These internal and external agents are known as actors. So use
case diagrams are consists of actors, use cases and their
relationships. The diagram is used to model the
system/subsystem of an application. A single use case diagram
captures a particular functionality of a system.
So to model the entire system numbers of use case diagrams are
used.
Purpose
The purpose of use case diagram is to capture the dynamic
aspect of a system. But this definition is too generic to describe
the purpose.
Because other four diagrams (activity, sequence, collaboration
and State chart) are also having the same purpose. So we will
7. DebashisBiswas
look into some specific purpose which will distinguish it from
other four diagrams.
Use case diagrams are used to gather the requirements of a
system including internal and external influences. These
requirements are mostly design requirements. So when a system
is analyzed to gather its functionalities use cases are prepared
and actors are identified.
Now when the initial task is complete use case diagrams are
modeled to present the outside view.
So in brief, the purposes of use case diagrams can be as
follows:
Used to gather requirements of a system.
Used to get an outside view of a system.
Identify external and internal factors influencing the
system.
Show the interacting among the requirements are actors.
How to draw Use Case Diagram?
Use case diagrams are considered for high level requirement
analysis of a system. So when the requirements of a system are
analyzed the functionalities are captured in use cases.
So we can say that use cases are nothing but the system
functionalities written in an organized manner. Now the second
things which are relevant to the use cases are the actors. Actors
can be defined as something that interacts with the system.
8. DebashisBiswas
The actors can be human user, some internal applications or
may be some external applications. So in a brief when we are
planning to draw an use case diagram we should have the
following items identified.
Functionalities to be represented as an use case
Actors
Relationships among the use cases and actors.
Use case diagrams are drawn to capture the functional
requirements of a system. So after identifying the above items
we have to follow the following guidelines to draw an efficient
use case diagram.
The name of a use case is very important. So the name
should be chosen in such a way so that it can identify the
functionalities performed.
Give a suitable name for actors.
Show relationships and dependencies clearly in the
diagram.
Do not try to include all types of relationships. Because the
main purpose of the diagram is to identify requirements.
Use note when ever required to clarify some important
points.
The following is a sample use case diagram representing the
order management system. So if we look into the diagram then
we will find three use cases (Order, Special Order and Normal
Order) and one actor which is customer.
9. DebashisBiswas
The Special Order and Normal Order use cases are extended
from Order use case. So they have extends relationship.
Another important point is to identify the system boundary
which is shown in the picture. The actor Customer lies outside
the system as it is an external user of the system.
10. DebashisBiswas
Where to Use Case Diagrams?
As we have already discussed there are five diagrams in UML
to model dynamic view of a system. Now each and every model
has some specific purpose to use. Actually these specific
purposes are different angles of a running system.
So to understand the dynamics of a system we need to use
different types of diagrams. Use case diagram is one of them
and its specific purpose is to gather system requirements and
actors.
Use case diagrams specify the events of a system and their
flows. But use case diagram never describes how they are
implemented. Use case diagram can be imagined as a black box
where only the input, output and the function of the black box is
known.
These diagrams are used at a very high level of design. Then
this high level design is refined again and again to get a
complete and practical picture of the system. A well structured
use case also describes the pre condition, post condition,
exceptions. And these extra elements are used to make test
cases when performing the testing.
Although the use cases are not a good candidate for forward
and reverse engineering but still they are used in a slight
different way to make forward and reverse engineering. And the
same is true for reverse engineering. Still use case diagram is
used differently to make it a candidate for reverse engineering.
11. DebashisBiswas
In forward engineering use case diagrams are used to make test
cases and in reverse engineering use cases are used to prepare
the requirement details from the existing application.
So the following are the places where use case diagrams are
used:
Requirement analysis and high level design.
Model the context of a system.
Reverse engineering.
Forward engineering.
Advantage and disadvantage Of Use care diagram
ADVANTAGES
The use cases are mainly composed of narrative text. Hence,
unlike many other modeling techniques, the non technical
stake holders (e.g. customers, end users, salesperson etc) are
also able understand the model for the software system. This
means that feedback can be obtained at a very early stage of
the development from the customers and the end users.
Another major advantage of use case modeling is that it
requires the identification of exceptional scenarios for the use
cases. This helps in discovering subtle alternate requirements
in the system.
12. DebashisBiswas
The use case model can be utilized in several other aspect of
software development as well, e.g. Cost Estimation, Project
Planning, Test Case Preparation and User Documentation.
The use case diagram provides a comprehensive summary of
the whole software system in a single illustration.
DISADVANAGES
They do not capture the non-functional requirements easily.
There might be a learning curve for the developer and/or
specially, the client in using these use cases.
USES
In sum, a well-prepared use case is worth its effort. Once the
client has agreed to the use cases, the project managers can plan
their schedule, and the developers have a clear understanding of
what they must develop. From personal experience, I can say
that while a use case is very beneficial, they are rarely perfect,
but they always serve a useful purpose.
A document attached with
-case study
-use case
-gnat-chart
-cost estimates
-
is the contents of s/w requirements specification document
13. DebashisBiswas
what is Object diagram ?
An object diagram is a graph of instances, including objects and
data values. A static object diagram is an instance of a
class diagram; it shows a snapshot of the detailed state of a
system at a point in time. The use of object diagrams is fairly
limited, namely to show examples of data structure.
What is an Object Diagram in UML?
A UML object diagram represents a specific instance of a class
diagram at a certain moment in time. When represented
graphically you'll see many similarities to the class diagram. We
used the same Car class example from the class diagram page to
illustrate object diagrams. Our UML shape library can help you
design any custom object diagram using our UML online tool
Object Diagram vs Class Diagram
Object Diagram Example
14. DebashisBiswas
Class Diagram Example
An object diagram focuses on the attributes of a set of objects
and how those objects relate to each other. For instance, in this
object diagram below, all three bank accounts tie back to the
bank itself. The class titles show the kind of accounts (savings,
checking, and credit card) that a given customer could have with
this particular bank. The class attributes are different for each
kind of account. This is illustrated by the credit card object
having a credit limit, while the savings and checking accounts
have interest rates. Object diagram are not limited to banking
use cases. You can make an object diagram for family trees,
corporate departments—any system with interrelated parts.
15. DebashisBiswas
Object Diagram Applications
There are many instances where a developer will find object diagrams
useful. These include:
Examining a specific iteration of a general system.
Getting a high-level overview of the system you will develop.
Testing a class diagram you’ve created for the overall structure of the
system, using object diagrams for specific use cases.
16. DebashisBiswas
Object Diagram Elements
Object diagrams are simple to create: they're made from objects,
represented by rectangles, linked together with lines. These are the
major elements of an object diagram:
Objects - are instances of a class. If a car is a class, a 2007 Nissan
Altman is an object of a class. The objects in the class “Parents” are your
specific parents, for instance, Elaine and Gary.
Class titles - the specific attributes of the class. In the family tree object
diagram, this is the name, gender, and age of the family members. These
can be listed as items on the object, or even in the properties of the
object itself (such as color).
Class attributes - a rectangle with two tabs that indicates a software
element.
Links - these are the lines connecting one object to another. The
corporate object diagram below shows how departments are connected
in the traditional organizational chart style.
17. DebashisBiswas
what is State chart diagram ?
A state diagram is a diagram used in computer science to describe the behavior of a system considering
all the possible states of an object when an event occurs. This behavior is represented and analyzed in a
series of events that occur in one or more possible states.
State Diagram
A state diagram shows the behavior of classes in response to external
stimuli. Specifically a state diagram describes the behavior of a single
object in response to a series of events in a system. Sometimes it's also
known as a Harel state chart or a state machine diagram. This UML
diagram models the dynamic flow of control from state to state of a
particular object within a system.
18. DebashisBiswas
What is the Difference between a State
Diagram and a Flowchart?
A flowchart illustrates processes that are executed in the system that
change the state of objects. A state diagram shows the actual changes in
state, not the processes or commands that created those changes.
Steps to Drawing a State Diagram
Before you begin your drawing find the initial and final state of the
object in question.
Next, think of the states the object might undergo. For example, in e-
commerce a product will have a release or available date, a sold out
state, a restocked state, placed in cart state, a saved on wish list state, a
purchased state, and so on.
Certain transitions will not be applicable when an object is in a
particular state, for example a product can be in a purchased state or a
saved in cart state if its previous state is sold out.
Basic State chart Diagram Symbols and
Notations
States
States represent situations during the life of an object. You can easily
illustrate a state in Smart Draw by using a rectangle with rounded
corners.
19. DebashisBiswas
Transition
A solid arrow represents the path between different states of an object.
Label the transition with the event that triggered it and the action that
results from it. A state can have a transition that points back to itself.
Initial State
A filled circle followed by an arrow represents the object's initial state.
Final State
An arrow pointing to a filled circle nested inside another circle
represents the object's final state.
Synchronization and Splitting of Control
A short heavy bar with two transitions entering it represents a
synchronization of control. The first bar is often called a fork where a
single transition splits into concurrent multiple transitions. The second
bar is called a join, where the concurrent transitions reduce back to one.