1) The document discusses several factors that contribute to brain drain in India such as less opportunities in higher education and research, less competitive salaries and facilities compared to other countries, and lack of recognition for innovative work.
2) It proposes several solutions such as increasing investment in educational institutions, providing competitive salaries and promotion based on performance for government jobs, and incentives for research to retain talented individuals in India.
3) Implementing the solutions would require establishing independent committees to oversee promotions, hiring based on merit, and increasing funding for education, research, and development activities.
Education Sector / Industry In India with recent developments and government initiatives. The road ahead to higher education in coming years in India progressively running to serve with over 250 million school going students than any other country.
---
The higher education market in India accounts for a substantial share of the total education in India. This segment is estimated to be worth INR 6.5 bn and is expected to be growing at 12% per annum. This space has seen large scale public and private participation. The government has undertaken various initiatives towards developing the market. The growth in the student population is fuelling growth in this sector.
The report begins with an introduction to the higher education industry covering the various regulatory bodies and councils that exist in this space including their functions with respect to specific courses. The overview section indicates the market size and growth of the higher education sector and institutions in this space as well as information regarding market segmentation. The intake of students across India for various courses has also been mentioned. The current scenario in India has been discussed covering the fundamental shortcomings in the market, low gross enrolment ratio, low public spending, not-for-profit mandate of the government and the approach adopted by private players, lack of co-operation between public and private sector and lack of large players in the market.
The key initiatives of the government identified include the introduction of National Commission for Higher Education and Research (NCHER), Foreign Educational Institutions Bill of 2007, provisions for higher education under the 11th Five Year Plan and passing of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Bill. An analysis of the drivers explains growth factors such as growing middle class with the ability to afford a private education, India’s demographic advantages, poor perception towards alternative education streams, growing private players due to large demand-supply gap and expenditure on foreign education.
The competition section highlights the major private players including their business focus and expansion plans.
Education Sector / Industry In India with recent developments and government initiatives. The road ahead to higher education in coming years in India progressively running to serve with over 250 million school going students than any other country.
---
The higher education market in India accounts for a substantial share of the total education in India. This segment is estimated to be worth INR 6.5 bn and is expected to be growing at 12% per annum. This space has seen large scale public and private participation. The government has undertaken various initiatives towards developing the market. The growth in the student population is fuelling growth in this sector.
The report begins with an introduction to the higher education industry covering the various regulatory bodies and councils that exist in this space including their functions with respect to specific courses. The overview section indicates the market size and growth of the higher education sector and institutions in this space as well as information regarding market segmentation. The intake of students across India for various courses has also been mentioned. The current scenario in India has been discussed covering the fundamental shortcomings in the market, low gross enrolment ratio, low public spending, not-for-profit mandate of the government and the approach adopted by private players, lack of co-operation between public and private sector and lack of large players in the market.
The key initiatives of the government identified include the introduction of National Commission for Higher Education and Research (NCHER), Foreign Educational Institutions Bill of 2007, provisions for higher education under the 11th Five Year Plan and passing of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Bill. An analysis of the drivers explains growth factors such as growing middle class with the ability to afford a private education, India’s demographic advantages, poor perception towards alternative education streams, growing private players due to large demand-supply gap and expenditure on foreign education.
The competition section highlights the major private players including their business focus and expansion plans.
The education sector in India is poised to witness major growth in the years to come as India will have world’s largest tertiary-age population and second largest graduate talent pipeline globally by the end of 2020. Currently, higher education contributes 59.7 percent of the market size, school education 38.1 percent, pre-school segment 1.6 percent, and technology and multi-media the remaining 0.6 percent. India’s IT firms are working with academic institutions and setting up in-house institutes to groom the right talent as these companies move to Social Media, Mobility, Analytics and Cloud technologies.
The total amount of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) inflow into the education sector in India stood close to US$ 1,300 million from April 2000 to March 2016, according to data released by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP).
The education sector has seen a host of reforms and improved financial outlays in recent years that could possibly transform the country into a knowledge haven. With human resource increasingly gaining significance in the overall development of the country, development of education infrastructure is expected to remain the key focus in the current decade. In this scenario, infrastructure investment in the education sector is likely to see a considerable increase in the current decade
This paper was released by Devesh Kapur, University of Pennsylvania and Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Centre for Policy Research.
This paper analyzes two interrelated facets of Higher Education policy in India: the key distortions in higher education policies and what explains them. It first sets the stage by laying out the principal conceptual issues that need to be considered when thinking about an appropriate policy framework for higher education in India. It then examines three key distortions in Indian higher education with regards to markets, the state and civil society (philanthropy). The next part of the paper examines the political economy of Indian higher (tertiary) education and seeks to explain the ideological and political underpinnings of these distortions and how they work in practice. We conclude with some indicative some policy directions for Indian higher education. The purpose of this exercise is not to make detailed policy recommendations, but rather to flag the kinds of issues that ought to be addressed.
The key argument of this section of the paper is twofold. The first is that higher education in India is being de facto privatized on a massive scale.2 But this privatization is not a result of changing preferences of the key actors—the state, the judiciary or India’s propertied classes. Rather, this privatization has resulted from a breakdown of the state system. As a result, it is a form of privatization in which ideological and institutional underpinnings remain very weak. Instead of being part of a comprehensive program of education reform, much of the private initiative remains hostage to the discretionary actions of the state. Consequently, the education system remains suspended between over-regulation by the state on the one hand, and a discretionary privatization that is unable to mobilize private capital in productive ways. Any policy intervention, if it is to succeed will have to change this political economy equilibrium. However, vicious circles of interest will impede reform, whether of public or private institutions. We focus on the political economy not just because it explains the current regulatory regime. This political economy also explains why even conceptualization of issues in Higher Education is likely to remain distorted for some time.
The issues and challenges in Higher Education Sector in IndiaDhanuraj D
The paper discusses the role of HRD ministry, UGC and other state legislations influencing Higher Education Scenario in India. The paper also discusses the role of Private Universities in India
This article has been written for Techkriti Blog for a Cause Contest.
The topic was:
90% of children in India don’t go for College Degree.” How far have we progressed in terms of Education and what can be done to improve the scenario?
For more information visit: http://www.socialscribblers.in/techkriti-blog-cause/
Enhancing effectiveness of education deliveryRavi Balgi
Article by Prof. Som Sekhar Bhattacharyya of NITIE &
Mr. Ravi Balgi, on how education can reach more
effectively to socio‐economically poorest sections of the society.
They recommend cartoocation, reusing the ancient
technique of story telling through a pictorial depiction!
Educators at Sarvottam believe that the destiny of man is shaped in the classroom. The curriculum strives to create an environment where every child excels and caters to learning of life skills.
The education sector in India is poised to witness major growth in the years to come as India will have world’s largest tertiary-age population and second largest graduate talent pipeline globally by the end of 2020. Currently, higher education contributes 59.7 percent of the market size, school education 38.1 percent, pre-school segment 1.6 percent, and technology and multi-media the remaining 0.6 percent. India’s IT firms are working with academic institutions and setting up in-house institutes to groom the right talent as these companies move to Social Media, Mobility, Analytics and Cloud technologies.
The total amount of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) inflow into the education sector in India stood close to US$ 1,300 million from April 2000 to March 2016, according to data released by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP).
The education sector has seen a host of reforms and improved financial outlays in recent years that could possibly transform the country into a knowledge haven. With human resource increasingly gaining significance in the overall development of the country, development of education infrastructure is expected to remain the key focus in the current decade. In this scenario, infrastructure investment in the education sector is likely to see a considerable increase in the current decade
This paper was released by Devesh Kapur, University of Pennsylvania and Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Centre for Policy Research.
This paper analyzes two interrelated facets of Higher Education policy in India: the key distortions in higher education policies and what explains them. It first sets the stage by laying out the principal conceptual issues that need to be considered when thinking about an appropriate policy framework for higher education in India. It then examines three key distortions in Indian higher education with regards to markets, the state and civil society (philanthropy). The next part of the paper examines the political economy of Indian higher (tertiary) education and seeks to explain the ideological and political underpinnings of these distortions and how they work in practice. We conclude with some indicative some policy directions for Indian higher education. The purpose of this exercise is not to make detailed policy recommendations, but rather to flag the kinds of issues that ought to be addressed.
The key argument of this section of the paper is twofold. The first is that higher education in India is being de facto privatized on a massive scale.2 But this privatization is not a result of changing preferences of the key actors—the state, the judiciary or India’s propertied classes. Rather, this privatization has resulted from a breakdown of the state system. As a result, it is a form of privatization in which ideological and institutional underpinnings remain very weak. Instead of being part of a comprehensive program of education reform, much of the private initiative remains hostage to the discretionary actions of the state. Consequently, the education system remains suspended between over-regulation by the state on the one hand, and a discretionary privatization that is unable to mobilize private capital in productive ways. Any policy intervention, if it is to succeed will have to change this political economy equilibrium. However, vicious circles of interest will impede reform, whether of public or private institutions. We focus on the political economy not just because it explains the current regulatory regime. This political economy also explains why even conceptualization of issues in Higher Education is likely to remain distorted for some time.
The issues and challenges in Higher Education Sector in IndiaDhanuraj D
The paper discusses the role of HRD ministry, UGC and other state legislations influencing Higher Education Scenario in India. The paper also discusses the role of Private Universities in India
This article has been written for Techkriti Blog for a Cause Contest.
The topic was:
90% of children in India don’t go for College Degree.” How far have we progressed in terms of Education and what can be done to improve the scenario?
For more information visit: http://www.socialscribblers.in/techkriti-blog-cause/
Enhancing effectiveness of education deliveryRavi Balgi
Article by Prof. Som Sekhar Bhattacharyya of NITIE &
Mr. Ravi Balgi, on how education can reach more
effectively to socio‐economically poorest sections of the society.
They recommend cartoocation, reusing the ancient
technique of story telling through a pictorial depiction!
Educators at Sarvottam believe that the destiny of man is shaped in the classroom. The curriculum strives to create an environment where every child excels and caters to learning of life skills.
Indian Education Systems has to deal with very considerable challenges and need to develop certain strategies that would help the students to know their interest areas along with educating their parents about their potentioal.
Solutions to the Problems in the Education Sector of India DEEPAK DODDAMANI
Deepak Doddamani is founder and president of Ashwamedh Foundation. In this presentation he has shared some major problems in the Education Sector of India and Solutions to them.
this presentation include the youth and their inclination towards their career, we did a market research taking a sample of 104 young people, this will also give the brief idea of their like, dislike, politics, role model,leisure time, gadgets they are using and so many things are there.
Higher education is one of the significant aspects of any country. Several
schemes have been launched by central/ state government. Still there is a
requirement of improvement is necessary. There are world fame institutes
in India and on other side; number of colleges and universities are facing
the problems of adequate number of faculties and supportive staff.
Researcher has made an effort to reveal the various issues and challenges
in higher education and also suggest some measures to improve them.
Keywords:
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. Prepared By ‘ udeshya‘ group
Team Members :
1) Hemal Mendapara
2) Jaimin Patel
3) Nirav Savaliya
4) Bhavin Kachhadiya
5) Darshan Mungalpara
2. Brain Drain
“ Nation has invested in you , it does not want big sacrifice for you “
Brain drain is departure of educated or professional people from our country to another for better pay and
living condition.
Causes :
Less number of qualitative higher educational institutions like IITs, IIMs.
Less connectivity between prevailing technological environment with the current situation of education
system in India which not affectionate beautiful minds of India
Less of expertness in faculty of teaching & is not being updated with the latest technology.
e.g. In Gujarat, expert teachers cannot clear even the exam of CCC which concern about fundamental
knowledge of the computer & also they are not properly trained.
Less number of institution for doing mastery in art, sculpture & other branches.
Less opportunity for general caste people because of reservation (also in private sectors) to get in admission
in higher level education so forcefully they have to go outside
Belief of getting set in foreign company which gives better living condition & more luxirous life compared
to India
Political instability
Extent of freedom in foreign company & less opportunity to emerge as an enterprenueour in India
Affectionate scheme provided by the foreign government to increase their economy for the Indian students
e.g. Michigan university & Oxford university gives the scholarship for the higher education in their
university .
Less research and development to create new innovation
Solution :
Development of more number of qualitative institutions and make easy for economical challenge students
who has a potential but not the budget
Giving youth better living condition by good governing improper and corrective manner of country
Giving encouragement to the individual enterprenueour by helping him financially
Promoting research and development so that innovative minds not escape from the country & not give the
fruits of tree which is rooted in India
Involving the brains into external and internal affairs of the country so that they can use their solver minds
to emerge as powerful and strong India
3. Implementation:
Increase the level of living country has to increase per capita income.for that increase GDP of the company
by producing more products or by increasing export
Create opportunity by partnership of public & government in matter of industry so the higher educational
person can get the job and give their best to a firm
Hire the best teaching staff for institutions who make their students capable for standing in international
market
Increase funding the R&D instead of giving FSB to 67% of people in overall country which is not
necessary for 67%
Produce the things in country itself so the GDP increase and so job opportunity in our country increase
Reservation
There are reservation available in india based on caste.
In 1990 higher education institutions, public sector units & Government Bodies, 22.5% of available seats
were made reserved for Scheduled Caste(SC) and Scheduled Tribe(ST) students (15% for SCs, 7.5% for
STs) and rest of the 77.5% were remained under the unreserved category called “General category”. This
reservation percentage has been raised to 49.5%, by including reservation for OBCs(Other Backward
Catagory) in 2008.
The percentage of SC, ST, OBC in government institutions is rising, today the total percentage of reserved
category persons working in these institution is about 40%.
IN 1990 Prime minister announced that 27% of government position would be set aside for OBC’s in
addition to the 22.5% already set aside for the SCs and STc. So from this it is clear thet day by day
reservation is increasing that is not good for the other people.
In Tamil Nadu, the reservation is 18% for SCs and 1% for STs, based on local demographics.
In Northeast India, especially in Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Mizoram, reservation for
ST in State Govt. jobs is 80% with only 20% unreserved. In the Central Universities of NEHU(shillong)
and Rajiv Gandhi University, 60% of seats are reserved for ST students.
In Andhra Pradesh, 25% of educational institutes and government jobs are reserved for OBCs, 15% for
SCs, 6% for STs and 4% for Muslims.
In West Bengal, 35% of educational institute seats and 45% of government jobs are reserved for SC, ST,
and OBC (25% SC, 12% ST, 10% Muslim).
4. Results of Reservation :
The exploited non reserved (General) category persons who missed the opportunity because someone else
has taken their place have become deprived and miserable in the poor economic condition of India. So in
good colleges and University People who are actually deserve opportunity they loss and finally they goes to
the other contry for seeking better opportunity.
Due to reservation in Jobs people whom have knowledge they can’t get job in government sector and they
also goes to other country.
And finally due to reservation fainally losses of india that india continuously losses knowledgeable
people.
Solution :
Solution of this problem is that reservation based on caste should be removed from education and
government jobs and promotion in that government jobs so people who are actually deserve that people get
opportunity & reduce brain drain from India.
Implementation :
Development of Backward caste people :
For development of backward class people provide them good knowledge in special schools and colleges
which are specially made for them so they get good knowledge and due to this they becomes capable to
compete all people in higher education and industrial government jobs. So reservation at higher level get
removed automatically.
Enough funding should be given to these schools & universities. It should be spent in following manner for
backward castes students :
Travelling Allowances & Dearness Allowances for field work
Data Collection
Analysis and evaluation of statistical data
New Computer and Printer (once in a plan period)
5. Education
“ Newton was sitting under a tree. An apple fell on him & he thought that why didn’t it
go up & hence discovered gravity But if hungry stomach is sitting under a tree, he will only think to get
all apples down “
Our education system is of second kind.
Education in India means to come to school, mug up the things & vomit them in exams.
As we know that education is a key for socio-economic progress. Indian literacy rate grew to 74.04% in
2011 from 12% at the end of British rule in 1947. Although this was a greater than sixfold improvement,
the level is well below the world average literacy rate of 84% . India currently has the largest illiterate
population. In addition to illiteracy there is one other detrimental thing for Indian education is poor quality
of education. None of the central university IITs & IIMs were adjudged in the list of top 200 universities
across the globe.
83 year ago under british rule, an Indian scientist teaching in an Indian university, sir C V Raman was
awarded noble prize for physics since then, our universities have not produced any noble prize winner
except for four Indian whose basic foundation was in India & have won Noble prize while living abroad in
last decade.
38% teaching post are vacant in all central universities in India. Many of our school still lack drinking
facilities, toilets and other necessity.
Gone are the days when teaching was considered good profession. Now people generally go in teaching
line because they did not get job elsewhere.
6. Causes :
Why literacy rate is low:
Our government is not consicious
Our people is also not consicious
Poverty
Why education quality is poor:
Outdated examination system
Lack of competitiveness among the centre of excellance
Vacant teaching post
Most of the universities and schools emphasis on profit (Money). They are only doing business
Education in India is 99% focused on theoretical aspect
Teacher are not heartly teaching students. They are just doing job for money.
Very old syllabus & nobody is taking pains to change or modify them.
In universities and schools, only superficial knowledge is studied.
Quality of teacher or professors is not scruitinised by respective universities or schools
Laboratories & workshops are not upto date with latest technology.
Emphasis on memory and mugging power.
Solution & Implementation :
As we know technology is updating every six month so teacher should be provided with proper training
so that they can sow seeds of new innovative ideas in students mind.
Laboratories and workshop facility should be good enough to give innovative ideas to students. For that
government should provide more % of GDP on education system.
Every teacher or professor should be given job after scrutinising them. A committee should be made
which keep eye on performance of all staff.
Old examination system should be changed which imparts innovative ideas to students for that we should
eye on foreign exam system.
E.g. In America, in examination if students writes answer differently of innovatively than one will
get full marks while in India if the answer is written definition of book then and then he will get full
marks. One will not get marks their innovative ideas.
7. Promotion
10% of educated people are immigrating from India because of lacking in promotion though they would
deserve it & they dropped the research work in India.
Mostly DRDO, R&D and other research organizations are facing this kind of problem.
Due to not taking care of these people and their ideas, ideas are also immigrating from India along with
them.
Cause & Effect:
Promotion is given as per working year and caste based reservation in government instead of quality of
one’s work
In private & government sectors, one is being promoted as per acquaintance & hence appropriate people is
neglected by their qualitative work.
Due to nervous response from government to brilliant students for their creative ideas, they are either
dropping their projects or selling it to other countries which is defective for our country & sometimes our
country itself buys that project at very high expensive rate from that country. How ironic is this! e.g. case
of Sam Pitroda.
Corruption in award distribution like ‘Yuva Vaigyanik’.
Solution & Implementation :
Promotion should be based on exhibition of one’s work. All the organizations should come up with
independent committee that can keep an eye on work, behavior, performance, regularity, contribution,
character of every employees & accordingly promote or degrade them.
Permenanat employement should be cancelled out from all the organization so that one would scared about
fire.
“ Any time hire & fire “ formula should be applied to the government sector.
If promotion will be given on performance then enthusiasm of employees will definitely increase and they
will extend their work of research. They themselves will be able to evaluate themselves and as proper
employee would be at correct position, organization as well as employees will work efficiently.
If one tries to represent his creative ideas in front of government, government should ready to listen & take
care of his ideas & for that government should give sufficient funding, facilities, laboratories , material etc
to him.
Problems in Implementation :
Committee members may fire deserving people only for their selfishness or personal reasons.
They may also hire their acquitants just to carry on their relationship.
8. Salary & Facility
Government employees are given poor salary and facility. E.g. An engineer is given average 15
thousands rupees per month in government job wherein he will earn 30 thousands rupees per month
easily in private companies.
while he will get about threefold salary in foreign country with good facility.
Reasons:
Our government has annulled pension scheme so as major advantage of getting pension in old days is
removed & initial salary of government jobs is also less, bright people would attract towards high
packages offered by other private companies.
This way R&D of government sector is poor which leads our country to depend upon foreign
technologies and invention & finally it results into getting indebted on burden of billion of rupees that
would have been spent for R&D in government firm.
Solution & implementation :
Government should provide ‘special’ wages & facilities to ‘special’ people instead of considering them
same as other employees.
If someone wants to do research in particular field than government should give him facility, incentives
so that one can do one’s research without any worry.
Government should encourage the people to work on research & development.
References :
Own thinking
News paper
Internet
Speech of Political leader
Day to day experience
Thank you