The document discusses elementary education in India and issues around universalizing education. It summarizes the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan program launched in 2001 to provide primary education to all children aged 6-14 by 2007 and useful education by 2010. Despite efforts, universal education remains a distant goal with literacy rates of 65% overall and 54% for females. The number of out of school children was 75 lakh in 2007. Challenges include connecting skills training to industry needs, outdated training methods, and low prestige of vocational education.

1. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN INDIA
• Education is important not only for
development of one's personality, but also
for the sustained growth of nation.It is the
foundation on which the development of
every citizen and the nation as a whole
hinges.
• The quality of elementary education in
India has also been a major cause of worry
for government.
SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN
After the District Primary Education Programme
(DPEP) of 1994, the govt. has now launched the
"Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan" or SSA. Sarva Shiksha
Abhiyan was launched in 2001 to universalize and
improve the quality of elementary education in India.
It has set 2007 as the deadline for providing primary
education in India and 2010 as the deadline for
providing useful and relevant elementary education to
all children in the 6 to 14 age group.

2. EDUCATION IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS
• Despite all the efforts of the
government, universalization of
education in India remains a distant
dream.
• While the literacy rate is 65.38%
according to 2001 census, the female
literacy rate is 54.16%. While 80. 3%
urban people are literate, 59.4% of the
rural population is literate.

3. Out of School Children
320
249
116
135
70 75
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2001-
02
2002-
03
2003-
04
2004-
05
2005-
06
2006-
07
• The number of out of school children is 75 lakh
(2007) (3.5%).
• 2.9% in 6-11 yrs OoSC
• Number of districts with more than 50,000
OoSC has reduced from 48 (2005) to 24 (2007).
(Assam 1, Bihar 11, Chattisgarh 1, Haryana 1,
Orissa 1, West Bengal 9)
In lakhs
Outcomes Expected
• Reduction in dropouts by at least
5% at primary level.
• Reduction in gender gap by at least
5%.
• Enhancing student and teacher
attendance.
• Focused programmes for improving
levels of learning in Maths and
Language in classes I to III.

4. LEARNING CURVE

5. 5
• Out of approx. 211 million children in the (6-14 yrs) age group - 84.91 % are enrolled in schools.
• More than 35 million children in the (6-14) age group are out of school
• Net primary school enrolment/attendance is only 77%
• By year 2016 there will be approx. 500 million people with less than five yrs of schooling
• Another 300 million that will not have completed high school. Two third of the population will lack minimum
level of education.
5
• More than 50 % of the girls in the country do not enroll in schools
• Only 45.8 % girls complete education in rural areas as compared to 66.3 % boys. In urban areas, 66.3 %
girls complete education as opposed to 80.3 % boys
• Children put in an average of 21 hours of labour per week, at the cost of education
• 60 million children are thought to be child labourers
• 35% of our population are still illiterate
Source: (Data compiled from figures provided by CRY, NGO Global March Against Child Labour, and
UNICEF), (UNICEF-India-Statistics (2004), (Report of the Committee on India Vision 2020, Planning
Commission, 2002)

6. 6
Vocational training and self-employment avenues
• Every year 5.5 million students pass out of Class X, of which 3.3 million go to Class XI, leaving 2.2
million out of the education stream.
• Those who drop out after Class VIII are approx. 20-21 million.
• Urgent attention needed for this 21 million-target group.
• Available formal training capacity of the country - only 2.3 million students.
• This leaves a gap of 18.7 million. The ITI system needs to be revamped to fill up this gap.
Providing basic facilities in each school
 Setting up of primary schools within 1 k.m. radius
 Education Guarantee Scheme and Alternative Innovative Education centres as alternative schools.
 Back to school programme through bridge courses and residential camps.
 Additional classrooms – a room for every teacher with minimum of two teachers at Primary level
 Toilets/drinking water/child friendly elements.
 Additional teachers to get pupil teacher ratio of 40:1.

7. 7
Future of Labour Ecosystem in India (based on TLSL report 2006)
• The potential working (20-59 yrs ) age population estimated in 2020 - over 761 million - Currently this is 567 million.
• The govt. is talking about creating 10 million jobs every year, however, the requirement is more than 15 million in a
year.
• Even if we find 100 million new jobs; 170 million will be out of employment in 2020, this is nearly 30%.
• Unemployment will be higher among SC / ST
• Only around 1.5 % of persons aged 15 years or more in rural areas and less than 5 % in urban areas had technical
qualifications of even the most rudimentary kind
• The biggest challenge will be to provide formal education and employment to the huge work force in 2020
Source: Team Lease Services Labour Report 2006 (The report mainly predicts the future of labour ecosystem in India,
state wise. )

8. 8
Shortage of skill in Various Sectors
• The projected growth rates in industry and services sectors are expected to generate 60 millions job
opportunities during 2006-12 and 156 million during 2006-16
• Semi-skilled and skilled labour: The shortage of factory workers and construction labourers is already being felt
across industries.
• Engineering industry is growing at a fast pace will be major requirement of skilled/talented manpower in this sector
• Food industry is fast-expanding, need professional food scientists and technicians in great number.
• Media and Entertainment: The demand for animation production services from India is growing. This has opened up
innumerable opportunities for students of Design, Fine Arts and Mass Communication.
• Biotechnology sector: 80 % shortfall of doctorate and post doctorate scientists.
• Food processing sector: 65 % shortfall of refrigeration mechanics, electricians’ etc. 70 % shortfall of food safety
personnel

9. 9
• Additional 21 million new jobs in merchandise trade by 2009-10
• IT and BPO sector could employ 9 million persons directly and indirectly by 2010
• Raising the rate of growth of manufacturing to 12 % could create 1.6 to 2.9 million direct jobs annually, and
another 2-3 times that number indirectly
• Retail Sector - demand of 3-5 lakh trained people in the northern region alone by 2010. This sector would throw
up 2 million employment by 2010.
• Leather - Based on increased targets for export and domestic demand, it would generate 3 million additional jobs
by 2022
• Civil Aviation - Needs 5400 pilots by the end of the 11th plan. Thereafter, there would be requirement of at least
150 pilots per year as replacements for retirements and normal attrition.
• Construction sector with a current employment of over 30 million is to witness boom by an annual growth rate of
30% in infrastructure. It would translate large no. of jobs far short of the employable skill available

10. 10
• Health sector: Shortage of 5 lakh doctors and 10 lakh Nurses.
• IT sector : Shortage of 5 lakhs (half a million) engineers.
• Education sector: Faculty shortage of 25-40 percent.
• Automobiles: employment expected to increase to 25million by 2015-16 from current 10.5 million, majority in the
shop floor of auto manufacturing
• Logistics: will grow in tandem with growth in trade, aviation and tourism
• Banking and Finance sector: 50-80 percent personnel shortage.
• Aviation sector: Severe shortage of pilots and ground duty officials.
• Textile sector: employ 35 million directly, besides 55 million in its allied sector. Expected to generate additional
14million jobs by 2012
• Pharma sector: Severe shortage of top pharma scientists as research expenditure by pharma companies has
quadrupled in the last 5 years. Thus there is a shortage of middle-level and junior scientists too. This has made salaries
of top pharma scientists rise to US levels.
• Project Management Services-this labour intensive sector will grow with growth in corporate structure, infrastructure
& retail industry
Source: Data compiled from (FICCI report, New Delhi); (NASSCOM); (NASSCOM McKinsey Report 2006); (Press
Release, Ministry of Com. & Ind. April 7, 2006); (Presentation made by NMCC to National Advisory Council,
February 18, 2006) (IL&FS, 2008)

11. 11
Appropriate strategies to be adopted
• Expand and upgrade vocational education and training
• Expand and upgrade higher technical education
• Promote research in educational institutions; and
• Redesign the educational pattern at the school level to facilitate skill development.
Government have to redefine its role in:
reforming and strengthening vocational education and training
clear policy for facilitating capacity expansion through private sector participation.
make investment in vocational training institutes bankable
promote industry and academia interaction to narrow the existing gap between the demand and supply of the
skilled manpower
It is very important at this stage to have different problem specific policy because one policy is not going to
fit in.

12. 12
Challenges to be addressed
• Disconnect between skills provided and skills required by the industry
• Revision of course curricula lags behind the need of the industry
• Out-dated machinery/ tools and technology
• Skill demand of Services/ Unorganized Sector are largely unmet
• Unsatisfactory employability of trainees because of poor quality of training
• Shortage of trained instructors and low instructor training capacity in the country
• Low prestige attached to vocational training
Focus in 2013-14
Team co-ordinator
B.praneeth(pranee513@hotmail.Com)
Members:
B.Anvesh(anvesh44444@gmail.com)
K.Sandeep(sandeepkapalwai@hotmail.com)
B.Eshwer(pranith513@gmail.com)
BalaSubramaniyan(7praneee@gmail.com)