This chapter discusses intellectual property rights, ethics, health issues related to computer use, access to technology, and environmental impacts. It covers various types of intellectual property including copyrights, trademarks, patents, and digital rights management. Ethics topics include proper use of copyrighted material, information resources, and addressing issues like digital manipulation. Health sections explore physical risks from improper ergonomics as well as emotional stressors. Access barriers like the digital divide within and between countries are also examined.
Darnell - Wilkes Course ED5001 Oct/2013Cheryl Vann
The document provides an overview of a lesson on understanding copyright, fair use, creative commons, and the Teach Act. It discusses ownership rights and end-use rights and responsibilities. The lesson aims to educate business professionals, teachers, and learners about copyright law and how to apply these concepts appropriately based on ownership and intended use of materials. It includes topics on differentiating the four laws, and how to apply them inside and outside of business and education. The lesson also includes an assessment where students will analyze a copyright case study and demonstrate their understanding of these concepts.
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is the main law governing copyright in digital media. Passed in 1998, the DMCA protects copyright holders by prohibiting the unauthorized distribution of copyrighted works online and implementing two World Intellectual Property Organization treaties. The DMCA contains five titles that address issues like online copyright infringement and computer program protection. It restricts activities like illegally sharing copyrighted music, movies, books, software, and video games without permission. While the DMCA protects copyright holders' rights, it also allows for limitations like fair use for educational purposes.
Digital competence, digital citizen, digital hygienePirje Meri
This document provides an overview of digital competencies, digital citizenship, digital ethics, and digital hygiene. It discusses:
- The importance of developing digital competencies throughout one's education and career.
- The European Digital Competence Framework which describes digital competence as consisting of 5 areas: information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, safety, and problem solving.
- The concepts of digital citizenship and etiquette (netiquette), including responsibilities and proper online behavior.
- Copyright and intellectual property, the importance of proper referencing, and Creative Commons licensing.
- Digital hygiene and the need for safe online practices like using strong passwords, backing up data, and
Legal Challenges Of Successful Entrepreneurship In An Internet Agegcecs2009
This document provides a summary of a panel discussion on legal challenges of entrepreneurship in the internet age. The panel was moderated by Fred Koenig and included Renee Hobbs, Tanya Bridges, and Michael Snyder discussing copyright issues, the impact of new technology on music, and trademarks/trade secrets online. Key topics included copyright confusion, fair use, licensing, streaming music and social media, trademark infringement tests, trade secrets, and protecting IP online. The panel aimed to help creative professionals and entrepreneurs navigate important legal issues in today's digital landscape.
This presentation is about the societal impacts. It is strictly based on CLASS 12 Informatics Practices Book aiming to help students and teachers to make learning easy .
CREDITS : pythonmykvs.in
This was designed as a very brief overview for students in violation of Copyright Infringement to review before taking their online exam in order to have their internet reinstated on campus.
The document discusses copyright law in India's digital era. It provides an overview of copyright, including what constitutes a copyright, amendments made to extend protections to digital works, and exceptions for areas like education and research. It also covers prominent copyright issues in the digital space, such as how encryption, digital watermarks, and digital rights management are used to protect works. While protections aim to balance rights holders' interests with public access, copyright infringement remains an ongoing challenge, especially online, requiring continued enforcement of protections under Indian law.
This document discusses several legal and ethical issues related to e-commerce, including privacy and information rights, property rights, governance issues, and public safety concerns. It outlines India's Information Technology Act of 2000, which provides the legal framework for e-commerce and addresses cybercrime. Specific issues covered include security threats to e-commerce like hacking and viruses; legal issues involving incorporation, trademarks, and transactions; and the regulation of internet gambling. Ethical concepts around responsibility, accountability, and analyzing dilemmas are also examined.
Darnell - Wilkes Course ED5001 Oct/2013Cheryl Vann
The document provides an overview of a lesson on understanding copyright, fair use, creative commons, and the Teach Act. It discusses ownership rights and end-use rights and responsibilities. The lesson aims to educate business professionals, teachers, and learners about copyright law and how to apply these concepts appropriately based on ownership and intended use of materials. It includes topics on differentiating the four laws, and how to apply them inside and outside of business and education. The lesson also includes an assessment where students will analyze a copyright case study and demonstrate their understanding of these concepts.
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is the main law governing copyright in digital media. Passed in 1998, the DMCA protects copyright holders by prohibiting the unauthorized distribution of copyrighted works online and implementing two World Intellectual Property Organization treaties. The DMCA contains five titles that address issues like online copyright infringement and computer program protection. It restricts activities like illegally sharing copyrighted music, movies, books, software, and video games without permission. While the DMCA protects copyright holders' rights, it also allows for limitations like fair use for educational purposes.
Digital competence, digital citizen, digital hygienePirje Meri
This document provides an overview of digital competencies, digital citizenship, digital ethics, and digital hygiene. It discusses:
- The importance of developing digital competencies throughout one's education and career.
- The European Digital Competence Framework which describes digital competence as consisting of 5 areas: information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, safety, and problem solving.
- The concepts of digital citizenship and etiquette (netiquette), including responsibilities and proper online behavior.
- Copyright and intellectual property, the importance of proper referencing, and Creative Commons licensing.
- Digital hygiene and the need for safe online practices like using strong passwords, backing up data, and
Legal Challenges Of Successful Entrepreneurship In An Internet Agegcecs2009
This document provides a summary of a panel discussion on legal challenges of entrepreneurship in the internet age. The panel was moderated by Fred Koenig and included Renee Hobbs, Tanya Bridges, and Michael Snyder discussing copyright issues, the impact of new technology on music, and trademarks/trade secrets online. Key topics included copyright confusion, fair use, licensing, streaming music and social media, trademark infringement tests, trade secrets, and protecting IP online. The panel aimed to help creative professionals and entrepreneurs navigate important legal issues in today's digital landscape.
This presentation is about the societal impacts. It is strictly based on CLASS 12 Informatics Practices Book aiming to help students and teachers to make learning easy .
CREDITS : pythonmykvs.in
This was designed as a very brief overview for students in violation of Copyright Infringement to review before taking their online exam in order to have their internet reinstated on campus.
The document discusses copyright law in India's digital era. It provides an overview of copyright, including what constitutes a copyright, amendments made to extend protections to digital works, and exceptions for areas like education and research. It also covers prominent copyright issues in the digital space, such as how encryption, digital watermarks, and digital rights management are used to protect works. While protections aim to balance rights holders' interests with public access, copyright infringement remains an ongoing challenge, especially online, requiring continued enforcement of protections under Indian law.
This document discusses several legal and ethical issues related to e-commerce, including privacy and information rights, property rights, governance issues, and public safety concerns. It outlines India's Information Technology Act of 2000, which provides the legal framework for e-commerce and addresses cybercrime. Specific issues covered include security threats to e-commerce like hacking and viruses; legal issues involving incorporation, trademarks, and transactions; and the regulation of internet gambling. Ethical concepts around responsibility, accountability, and analyzing dilemmas are also examined.
Digital citizenship is the responsible use of technology. It includes issues like digital access, communication, commerce, rights and responsibilities, security, health and welfare, etiquette, literacy and law. Teachers must make digital citizenship a priority and teach students about appropriate online behavior through frameworks that address these issues in an organized way. While technology provides opportunities, violations of digital citizenship are increasing and it is important to educate students on the legal and ethical guidelines for participating safely and positively in a digital world.
The document summarizes the history and development of the Internet from its origins in the late 1950s to the late 1990s. It traces the key events and innovations that allowed the Internet to grow from a small network connecting universities to a worldwide phenomenon. These include the development of packet switching, the creation of the World Wide Web in 1991, and the release of the Mosaic web browser in 1993. The document also describes how the Internet impacted audiences by allowing easy access to information for personal, educational and professional use from anywhere in the world.
Digital citizenship involves 9 key elements:
1) Access - All people should have fair access to technology.
2) Commerce - Legitimate online purchases have become commonplace.
3) Communication - Communication options have exploded with many choices.
4) Literacy - Technology permeates organizations and people must learn anywhere.
5) Etiquette - Each social network has its own etiquette that must be taught.
6) Law - There are legal responsibilities for one's actions and protecting others online.
7) Rights & Responsibilities - Digital citizens have rights like privacy but must help define appropriate technology use.
8) Health & Wellness - Issues like eye strain and internet addiction must be addressed
The document discusses the history and key aspects of internet decency legislation in the United States from 1996-2004. It covers laws like the Communications Decency Act of 1996, Child Online Protection Act of 1998, and Children's Internet Protection Act of 2000. These attempted to restrict minors' access to indecent or obscene material online but faced legal challenges over free speech concerns. The Supreme Court struck down parts of the CDA and COPA, while upholding filtering requirements under CIPA for schools/libraries receiving federal funds.
Internet Ethics Issues and Action in the United StatesMichael Zimmer
Presentation for the International Symposium on Internet Ethics" hosted by the Korea Internet & Security (KISA) and Korea Society of Internet Ethics (KSIE)
This document discusses social media and its use in enterprises. It covers topics like defining social media, how enterprises use it, related ethics and impacts on privacy and intellectual property. Case studies of companies like Facebook are discussed. The document also covers managing ethical issues around information systems, including principles of privacy, property rights, accountability and quality of life. Fair information practices and their application to privacy laws are summarized.
This presentation begins with a brief introduction of the history and goals behind copyright. It then explores some of the basics of copyright, including questions about copyright eligibility, copyright duration, registration, obtaining copyright permissions and its distinction from other intellectual property rights (patent, trademark) and plagiarism. Finally, considerable time is spent discussing copyright law's Fair Use Exemption, one of the more confusing -- yet most important -- issues in copyright for student journalists. The presentation includes a number of true-to-life examples that should help students understand where the legal boundaries lie.
This document provides an introduction to the World Wide Web and the history of the internet. It discusses what the internet is, its global connectivity, key events in its development. It also covers the uses of the internet, advantages and disadvantages, and relates ethics to internet use through scenarios. The learning outcomes are to familiarize students with the history of the internet and relating ethics. It includes sections on the definition of the internet, its history starting in the US military, a timeline of milestones, and classes of ethical issues.
This is a presentation created for IT 648 at The University of Southern Mississippi in partial completion of course requirements. The topic is copyright and the internet, and is intended as an overview only. The owner is not a lawyer, has never been one, and has absolutely no expertise in delivering legal advice.
This document discusses copyright and ethics related to multimedia. It defines multimedia, copyright, intellectual property, fair use, and public domain. It also discusses international copyright agreements like the Berne Convention and Universal Copyright Convention. Sri Lanka's Intellectual Property Act of 2003 is summarized, including provisions around fair use, copyright duration, and what constitutes ethical vs unethical multimedia content.
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was passed in 1998 to protect copyrighted digital content with technological locks and ban circumvention tools. Every 3 years, exemptions are considered for fair uses like criticism, comment, and accessibility. The 2010 exemptions allowed bypassing locks for educational film clips, cellphone software, video game testing, obsolete dongles, and ebook accessibility. While exemptions allow circumvention, the underlying copyright still applies.
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was passed in 1998 to protect copyrighted digital content with technological locks and ban circumvention tools. Every three years, exemptions are considered for fair uses like criticism, comment, and accessibility. The 2010 exemptions allowed bypassing locks for educational film clips, cellphone software, video game testing, obsolete dongles, and ebook accessibility. While exemptions allow circumvention, the underlying copyright still applies.
Introduction to Copyright in Academic LibrariesHVCClibrary
This document provides an overview of copyright law as it relates to academic libraries. It discusses the U.S. Copyright Act, fair use provisions, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and special provisions for libraries under Section 108. Key points include that copyright automatically vests when a work is created and fixed in a tangible form. Fair use allows for unlicensed use in certain circumstances based on four factors. The DMCA prohibits circumventing technological protections and outlines liability for internet service providers. Section 108 allows libraries to make copies for preservation, private study, and interlibrary loan within certain limits. Institutional policies should comply with copyright law.
The document outlines the key topics to be covered in lectures on intellectual property rights (IPR) in the digital environment. The lectures will discuss 1) challenges posed by digital technologies to copyright, 2) complexities in applying copyright law digitally, 3) the extent to which existing copyright laws in India, UK and US have addressed these challenges, and 4) non-legislative solutions. It then provides an overview of relevant international treaties and domestic copyright laws. The rest of the document discusses in detail the impact of digital technologies on various aspects of copyright and analyses approaches taken in different jurisdictions.
Copyright Protection in Cyberspace- A Comparitive Study of the USA and IndiaDevanshi Goyal
This document provides a summary and analysis of copyright protection laws in the United States and India, with a focus on protections in cyberspace. It begins with an introduction on the problem of increasing copyright infringement online. It then defines key terms like copyright and infringement. It analyzes the landmark Viacom v. YouTube case regarding the Digital Millennium Copyright Act's safe harbor provision. The bulk of the document performs a comparative analysis of US and Indian copyright laws, examining jurisdictional issues, compliance with international treaties, and the fair use doctrine. It concludes that while US law is more developed, India is working to update its laws to address copyright in the digital era.
The problem of content rights and ownership now is considered as a very important. With the adventure of online music stores, in the beginning, there were a lot of piracy and illegal access to copyright materials. In this presentation I'm looking at this problem more deeply and show which stores now use DRM as a protection method.
What should every student know about copyright?Vesa Linja-aho
Finnish copyright law balances the rights of creators, industries, and users of creative works. For educational use, teachers can present published works and make limited photocopies for students. Private use allows copying works for personal use but not redistribution. Works with expired copyright, below the threshold of originality, or used with permission can be freely used. Open licenses like Creative Commons allow sharing and modifying works under certain conditions to promote open content. The document provides an overview of key concepts in Finnish copyright law for educational and open content uses.
The document appears to contain a series of Arabic words or phrases without context. The summary attempts to describe this concisely:
The document lists over 50 Arabic words or short phrases without any connecting context. It is unclear what the overall topic or meaning of the collection might be.
Digital citizenship is the responsible use of technology. It includes issues like digital access, communication, commerce, rights and responsibilities, security, health and welfare, etiquette, literacy and law. Teachers must make digital citizenship a priority and teach students about appropriate online behavior through frameworks that address these issues in an organized way. While technology provides opportunities, violations of digital citizenship are increasing and it is important to educate students on the legal and ethical guidelines for participating safely and positively in a digital world.
The document summarizes the history and development of the Internet from its origins in the late 1950s to the late 1990s. It traces the key events and innovations that allowed the Internet to grow from a small network connecting universities to a worldwide phenomenon. These include the development of packet switching, the creation of the World Wide Web in 1991, and the release of the Mosaic web browser in 1993. The document also describes how the Internet impacted audiences by allowing easy access to information for personal, educational and professional use from anywhere in the world.
Digital citizenship involves 9 key elements:
1) Access - All people should have fair access to technology.
2) Commerce - Legitimate online purchases have become commonplace.
3) Communication - Communication options have exploded with many choices.
4) Literacy - Technology permeates organizations and people must learn anywhere.
5) Etiquette - Each social network has its own etiquette that must be taught.
6) Law - There are legal responsibilities for one's actions and protecting others online.
7) Rights & Responsibilities - Digital citizens have rights like privacy but must help define appropriate technology use.
8) Health & Wellness - Issues like eye strain and internet addiction must be addressed
The document discusses the history and key aspects of internet decency legislation in the United States from 1996-2004. It covers laws like the Communications Decency Act of 1996, Child Online Protection Act of 1998, and Children's Internet Protection Act of 2000. These attempted to restrict minors' access to indecent or obscene material online but faced legal challenges over free speech concerns. The Supreme Court struck down parts of the CDA and COPA, while upholding filtering requirements under CIPA for schools/libraries receiving federal funds.
Internet Ethics Issues and Action in the United StatesMichael Zimmer
Presentation for the International Symposium on Internet Ethics" hosted by the Korea Internet & Security (KISA) and Korea Society of Internet Ethics (KSIE)
This document discusses social media and its use in enterprises. It covers topics like defining social media, how enterprises use it, related ethics and impacts on privacy and intellectual property. Case studies of companies like Facebook are discussed. The document also covers managing ethical issues around information systems, including principles of privacy, property rights, accountability and quality of life. Fair information practices and their application to privacy laws are summarized.
This presentation begins with a brief introduction of the history and goals behind copyright. It then explores some of the basics of copyright, including questions about copyright eligibility, copyright duration, registration, obtaining copyright permissions and its distinction from other intellectual property rights (patent, trademark) and plagiarism. Finally, considerable time is spent discussing copyright law's Fair Use Exemption, one of the more confusing -- yet most important -- issues in copyright for student journalists. The presentation includes a number of true-to-life examples that should help students understand where the legal boundaries lie.
This document provides an introduction to the World Wide Web and the history of the internet. It discusses what the internet is, its global connectivity, key events in its development. It also covers the uses of the internet, advantages and disadvantages, and relates ethics to internet use through scenarios. The learning outcomes are to familiarize students with the history of the internet and relating ethics. It includes sections on the definition of the internet, its history starting in the US military, a timeline of milestones, and classes of ethical issues.
This is a presentation created for IT 648 at The University of Southern Mississippi in partial completion of course requirements. The topic is copyright and the internet, and is intended as an overview only. The owner is not a lawyer, has never been one, and has absolutely no expertise in delivering legal advice.
This document discusses copyright and ethics related to multimedia. It defines multimedia, copyright, intellectual property, fair use, and public domain. It also discusses international copyright agreements like the Berne Convention and Universal Copyright Convention. Sri Lanka's Intellectual Property Act of 2003 is summarized, including provisions around fair use, copyright duration, and what constitutes ethical vs unethical multimedia content.
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was passed in 1998 to protect copyrighted digital content with technological locks and ban circumvention tools. Every 3 years, exemptions are considered for fair uses like criticism, comment, and accessibility. The 2010 exemptions allowed bypassing locks for educational film clips, cellphone software, video game testing, obsolete dongles, and ebook accessibility. While exemptions allow circumvention, the underlying copyright still applies.
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was passed in 1998 to protect copyrighted digital content with technological locks and ban circumvention tools. Every three years, exemptions are considered for fair uses like criticism, comment, and accessibility. The 2010 exemptions allowed bypassing locks for educational film clips, cellphone software, video game testing, obsolete dongles, and ebook accessibility. While exemptions allow circumvention, the underlying copyright still applies.
Introduction to Copyright in Academic LibrariesHVCClibrary
This document provides an overview of copyright law as it relates to academic libraries. It discusses the U.S. Copyright Act, fair use provisions, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and special provisions for libraries under Section 108. Key points include that copyright automatically vests when a work is created and fixed in a tangible form. Fair use allows for unlicensed use in certain circumstances based on four factors. The DMCA prohibits circumventing technological protections and outlines liability for internet service providers. Section 108 allows libraries to make copies for preservation, private study, and interlibrary loan within certain limits. Institutional policies should comply with copyright law.
The document outlines the key topics to be covered in lectures on intellectual property rights (IPR) in the digital environment. The lectures will discuss 1) challenges posed by digital technologies to copyright, 2) complexities in applying copyright law digitally, 3) the extent to which existing copyright laws in India, UK and US have addressed these challenges, and 4) non-legislative solutions. It then provides an overview of relevant international treaties and domestic copyright laws. The rest of the document discusses in detail the impact of digital technologies on various aspects of copyright and analyses approaches taken in different jurisdictions.
Copyright Protection in Cyberspace- A Comparitive Study of the USA and IndiaDevanshi Goyal
This document provides a summary and analysis of copyright protection laws in the United States and India, with a focus on protections in cyberspace. It begins with an introduction on the problem of increasing copyright infringement online. It then defines key terms like copyright and infringement. It analyzes the landmark Viacom v. YouTube case regarding the Digital Millennium Copyright Act's safe harbor provision. The bulk of the document performs a comparative analysis of US and Indian copyright laws, examining jurisdictional issues, compliance with international treaties, and the fair use doctrine. It concludes that while US law is more developed, India is working to update its laws to address copyright in the digital era.
The problem of content rights and ownership now is considered as a very important. With the adventure of online music stores, in the beginning, there were a lot of piracy and illegal access to copyright materials. In this presentation I'm looking at this problem more deeply and show which stores now use DRM as a protection method.
What should every student know about copyright?Vesa Linja-aho
Finnish copyright law balances the rights of creators, industries, and users of creative works. For educational use, teachers can present published works and make limited photocopies for students. Private use allows copying works for personal use but not redistribution. Works with expired copyright, below the threshold of originality, or used with permission can be freely used. Open licenses like Creative Commons allow sharing and modifying works under certain conditions to promote open content. The document provides an overview of key concepts in Finnish copyright law for educational and open content uses.
The document appears to contain a series of Arabic words or phrases without context. The summary attempts to describe this concisely:
The document lists over 50 Arabic words or short phrases without any connecting context. It is unclear what the overall topic or meaning of the collection might be.
Edmund Rice was born in 1762 in Ireland during a time when Catholics faced severe discrimination. After becoming wealthy through business, he was inspired to dedicate his life to educating disadvantaged youth after the death of his wife. In 1802, he opened his first school for boys in Waterford and went on to found the Christian Brothers, an order of teaching brothers focused on liberation through education. Despite facing challenges, the order grew and established additional schools across Ireland and England. Edmund Rice worked tirelessly until his death in 1844 and was recognized for his dedication to serving the poor and underprivileged.
Este documento discute conceitos fundamentais de marketing de serviços, incluindo:
1) A definição de serviço e as características que diferenciam serviços de produtos, como intangibilidade e inseparabilidade;
2) Os sete Ps do marketing de serviços, que incluem pessoas, físico e processo;
3) Os fluxos do processo de marketing de serviços, incluindo pré-produção, venda, produção/consumo e pós-venda.
Sheryl Nicholson is an expert speaker who has been published in magazines like Success Magazine, Entrepreneur, and Working Women are Working Wonders. She has spoken on radio stations across the United States and Canada on topics like self-esteem, leadership, and communication. Sheryl Nicholson has also appeared on television programs on channels like CBS, FOX News, and Success Television to share her insights.
This document discusses the unit circle and trigonometric functions. It asks three questions: 1) How many radians are between the minute and hour hands of a clock at 4:00? 2) What is the area of a sector of a circle with radius 6 cm and central angle of 30 degrees? 3) Find the sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle whose terminal side passes through the point (6,8).
Este documento presenta las instrucciones para tres prácticas de laboratorio sobre Platyhelminthes, Rotifera y Nemertea. Los estudiantes describirán y compararán dos especies de Platyhelminthes del orden Polycladida, examinarán muestras de Rotifera del lago universitario para identificar sus partes, y observarán especímenes vivos y fijados de Nemertea para describir sus características y reacciones.
The document provides instructions for a geometry lesson on scale factors and using proportions to solve for missing sides of polygons. Students are asked to draw and scale a figure with a scale factor of 3:2 to see if the scaled model is bigger or smaller. The lesson will practice setting up proportions and solving for missing sides, and students should study for a quiz on using scale factors and proportions.
The document outlines an approach to retail support and marketing capabilities that is customized for each client, based on a true partnership model with open dialogue and full access to capabilities. It involves beginning with defining desired results, gathering market intelligence, benchmarking competitors, and mapping out a process and strategy calendar to drive success through alignment and execution across retail channels. The approach aims to provide nationwide support and has a proven track record of success according to the document.
This document summarizes the PSpice model for a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) with part number SST5485 manufactured by Vishay Siliconix. It includes descriptions of the model parameters and comparison graphs between the measured and simulated characteristics for transconductance, transfer curve, input capacitance, reverse transfer capacitance, passive gate leakage, and active gate leakage.
Este documento describe cómo los estudiantes del Colegio San Columbano en Lima, Perú gestionaron una exposición fotográfica llamada "Condevilla Señor, nuestra memoria" para fortalecer la identidad cultural de su comunidad a través de mostrar fotografías históricas. Los estudiantes recolectaron historias y fotos de las familias, expusieron en el colegio y la comunidad, e involucraron a docentes, padres y televsión nacional. El proyecto ayudó a los estudiantes a desarrollar competencias
El documento presenta conceptos y operaciones algebraicas como términos, expresiones, exponentes, grados, sumas, restas, multiplicaciones, divisiones, productos notables, ecuaciones de segundo grado. Incluye ejemplos y problemas resueltos de cada operación para ilustrar sus propiedades y aplicaciones.
1) Los blogs se pueden utilizar para que autores y lectores interactúen, como hace Amazon al permitir que los autores de sus libros escriban blogs y se comuniquen con los lectores. 2) Las empresas también usan blogs corporativos para dar a conocer sus proyectos y recibir apoyo, como hace Caja Navarra. 3) Los blogs también permiten que las empresas interactúen con sus consumidores, como hace Nestle con el blog sobre su producto NIDO.
La Web 2.0 permite compartir información e interactuar con otros usuarios a través de plataformas como blogs, redes sociales y wikis. Su carácter social y colaborativo puede fomentar una evolución de la educación hacia el aprendizaje colectivo. Algunos recursos Web 2.0 útiles para la educación incluyen Skype, blogs, wikis y cursos en línea como Moodle.
This document provides information about the course AIT 204 - Computer Organization and Architecture (COA). The course is worth 3 credits and is taught by Dr. Y R Ghodasara and Prof. K.C. Kamani at the College of Agricultural Information Technology at Anand Agricultural University in Anand, India. The document discusses input/output systems and the different types of I/O devices. It also covers I/O bus standards and compares north bridge and south bridge buses. Finally, it discusses multi-processor architectures including dual core, quad core and distributed computing models like cluster, grid and cloud computing.
This chapter of the textbook discusses several topics related to computers including intellectual property rights, ethics, health impacts, access issues, and environmental concerns. It covers various types of intellectual property like copyrights, trademarks, and patents. It also discusses ethics in areas such as use of copyrighted material, resources, and information. The chapter addresses physical and emotional health risks of computer use as well as factors that influence digital access. It concludes by suggesting ways to practice green computing and properly dispose of e-waste.
This document discusses five moral dimensions of information systems:
1) Information rights and privacy challenges from technology like cookies, web beacons, and spyware.
2) Challenges to intellectual property from easy digital copying and distribution online.
3) Accountability issues around who is liable for technology errors or injuries.
4) Ensuring adequate system quality given limits of perfect software and data input errors.
5) Potential negative social impacts on work-life balance, dependence on systems, rapid job changes, and new forms of computer crime and health issues.
Computer ethics cyber security and technology of itsr24production
This document discusses several moral and legal issues related to computer ethics. It begins by noting that computers are involved in many aspects of modern life and often perform critical tasks, but the computer industry is not as highly regulated as other industries like medicine or transportation. It then outlines 10 principles or "commandments" of computer ethics related to issues like privacy, accuracy of information, intellectual property, and social impact of technology. The document also discusses concepts like ethics, ethical principles to consider when making decisions, and four primary issues in computer ethics around privacy, accuracy, property and access. It provides examples of problems that can arise with large databases and private networks, as well as laws related to privacy and intellectual property.
This document discusses ethical and legal issues related to accessing and evaluating digital information. It covers copyright and fair use, computer ethics, internet safety for students, and resources for researching and evaluating digital content. Specific topics mentioned include what constitutes copyright, Creative Commons licenses, the factors that determine fair use, the 10 Commandments of computer ethics, internet safety tips from organizations like NetSmartz and the FBI, and laws governing privacy of minors online.
The document discusses several topics related to digital footprints, netizens, communication etiquette, social media etiquette, data protection, intellectual property rights, cyber crimes, and the Indian Information Technology Act. It provides information on how digital data leaves active and passive footprints online. It outlines best practices for being responsible, respectful, and ethical digital citizens and discusses proper etiquette for communication tools, social media, and protecting personal information. The document also covers intellectual property rights, cyber crimes like hacking and phishing, and strategies for preventing cyber crimes. Lastly, it discusses the Indian IT Act and potential health impacts of excessive screen time.
The document discusses several topics related to ethics and privacy when dealing with information technology:
1. It introduces four common ethical frameworks used to evaluate decisions: utilitarian, rights-based, fairness-based, and common good approaches.
2. It outlines some fundamental tenets of ethics like responsibility, accountability, and liability that are important in a corporate environment.
3. It identifies four general categories of ethical issues related to IT: privacy, accuracy, property, and accessibility. It provides examples of issues that fall under each category.
4. It focuses specifically on privacy issues, outlining concerns around electronic surveillance, personal information in databases, information shared online, and international differences in privacy laws and standards.
This document discusses ethical, social, and political issues raised by information systems. It covers topics like privacy, intellectual property, accountability, system quality, and quality of life. Key points addressed include challenges to privacy from technologies like cookies and challenges to intellectual property from digital media. Fair information practices and principles of responsible, accountable, and liable use of information systems are also summarized.
This document discusses several legal and ethical issues related to using information and communication technologies (ICT). It covers topics like intellectual property rights, copyright, plagiarism, privacy, censorship, cybercrimes, and the digital divide. The document provides guidance on addressing these issues, including developing acceptable use policies, educating users, obtaining consent for personal information, and upgrading infrastructure to improve access. Overall, the document outlines many important legal and social considerations for responsibly using ICT and digital content.
This document discusses computing ethics and common issues related to it. It introduces computing ethics as the application of moral principles to computer and internet use, covering areas like intellectual property rights, privacy policies, and online etiquette. Some key issues covered include intellectual property through copyright and plagiarism, privacy concerns around hacking and malware, and effects of computers on society through their environmental and social impacts.
This document discusses the topic of computer ethics. It begins with a brief history of computers and the internet. It then defines ethics and distinguishes between law and ethics. Computer ethics is presented as a unique branch of ethics that is constantly evolving as technology advances. Ten commandments of computer ethics are listed that prohibit using computers to harm others or steal. Reasons for needing computer ethics include addressing new legal issues from emerging technologies. Common computer ethics issues involve violating copyright and accessing personal information without permission.
Ehsan Kabir Solicitor is telling the Ethics Frameworks. Ehsan Kabir has past experience in dealing with civil litigation and advising on complex matters.
Computer ethics is a new branch of ethics that addresses how users should make decisions regarding their conduct on computers and the internet. It outlines 10 commandments for ethical computer use, such as not using computers to harm others or steal. Issues in computer ethics include privacy violations, plagiarism, hacking, and illegal downloading of copyrighted software and content. Ethics for computer users center around respecting others' privacy and property, not using computers for illegal activities, and being responsible with personal information and passwords.
The document discusses key issues relating to freedom of expression and the use of information technology. It covers the legal basis for free speech protections in the US and exceptions like obscenity, defamation, and incitement. The document also examines challenges posed by the internet regarding controlling access to information, anonymity, censorship, defamation, hate speech, and pornography.
Professional Practice
Introduction to
– Ethics
– Islamic Ethics
– Professional Ethic
– Computer Ethics
What is Ethics?
Importance of Ethics
Ethics in Islam
What is Professional Ethics
Why professional ethics?
Professional Ethics
Problems with Professional Ethics
Computer Ethics
Aspects of computer ethics
History of Computer Ethics
Categories of Computer Issues
-Privacy
-Property
-Access
-Accuracy
Moral and Ethical Problems
-Hacking, cracking and virus creation
-Software piracy
-Ethical Scenarios
This document provides an introduction to professional ethics and computer ethics. It defines ethics as moral principles that distinguish right from wrong. Professional ethics concerns one's conduct and practices in their profession. Computer ethics applies ethical principles to computer technology use. The document outlines a history of computer ethics from its foundations in cybernetics to modern issues around privacy, property, access, and accuracy. It discusses examples of unethical computer behaviors like hacking and software piracy. Finally, it presents some ethical scenarios in computing for analysis.
This document is a module on ethics in using computers from the Ministry of Education Malaysia. It discusses important concepts around computer ethics including copyright, plagiarism, and unethical computer use. The module aims to teach students the proper ethics around topics such as requesting permission before sharing or using others' work, respecting copyright laws, and avoiding plagiarism. It includes activities for students to learn about these issues through examples and exercises.
This document discusses several legal and ethical aspects of information security. It begins by defining legality as compliance with laws and ethics as concepts of right and wrong. It then examines several common computer-related issues - illegal downloading, spyware, cyberbullying, identity theft, and computer crimes - from both legal and ethical perspectives. The document also lists 10 principles of computer ethics and provides examples of legal/ethical considerations in e-commerce and advertising.
This document discusses computer ethics and outlines ethical principles for computer use. It defines computer ethics as a branch of ethics that addresses how users should make decisions regarding their online conduct. It provides 10 commandments of computer ethics, such as not using computers to harm others or steal. It notes that computers are replacing humans in many jobs and discusses issues like privacy, copyright, and the responsibilities of computer users.
The document discusses various topics related to the ethical and legal aspects of computer security. It begins by defining computer crime/cybercrime as criminal activity where computers or networks are used as a tool, target, or place of criminal activity. It then discusses different types of computer crimes based on the role of computers, including computers as targets, storage devices, and communication tools. The document also covers intellectual property concepts like copyright, patents, and trademarks. It discusses laws and standards related to these topics, such as the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the European Union Data Protection Directive. The document concludes by discussing privacy, ethical issues, and codes of conduct related to computer security and usage.
From a legal perspective, piracy can lead to fines and potential legal actions, as it involves distributing copyrighted content without authorization. These websites often host files infected with malware and viruses, which can compromise users' devices and personal information. The quality of pirated content is typically subpar, lacking official support, updates, and patches. Engaging with these platforms not only undermines the earnings of content creators and artists but also raises ethical concerns by disregarding intellectual property rights. Visiting piracy websites exposes users to potential legal repercussions, privacy breaches, and unreliable information. By choosing piracy, users unwittingly contribute to an industry that thrives on illegal activities and unethical practices, thereby perpetuating a cycle of harm to both creators and consumers.
The document discusses computer security and privacy. It covers risks from hardware loss, damage, and failure, and ways to safeguard hardware using locks, encryption, tracking software and backups. It also discusses software piracy, digital counterfeiting, and how they can be prevented. The document outlines privacy concerns regarding databases, profiling, spam and surveillance. It provides tips for protecting personal information and ways individuals can protect their privacy when using computers.
This chapter discusses databases and database management systems. It defines what a database is and the key components like tables, records, and fields. It discusses database concepts like data hierarchy, relationships, and data definition. It also covers database classifications, the most common database models including relational and object-oriented, and how relational databases are designed, created, used and maintained. Finally, it discusses how databases are commonly used on the web.
This document provides an overview of program development and programming languages. It discusses different approaches to program design such as structured programming, object-oriented programming, aspect-oriented programming, and adaptive software development. It also describes the phases of the program development life cycle including problem analysis, program design, coding, debugging and testing. Common programming languages and tools that can facilitate the development process are also covered.
This chapter discusses information systems and the system development life cycle. It defines an information system as a system used to generate information to support organizational users. It describes common types of information systems such as transaction processing systems, decision support systems, and integrated enterprise systems. It also outlines the roles and responsibilities of information technology professionals involved in system development, including systems analysts. Finally, it details the key steps of the system development life cycle, from preliminary investigation and system analysis to system implementation and maintenance.
This chapter discusses e-commerce and how businesses can implement online sales. It covers the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce for businesses and consumers. Various e-commerce business models are identified, including business-to-consumer, business-to-business, and consumer-to-consumer. Different types of e-commerce websites like manufacturer sites, brokerage sites, and subscription sites are also described. The chapter outlines the steps to implement an e-commerce website including selecting a business model, payment options, website design, sales and marketing strategies, and addressing security issues.
This chapter discusses multimedia and the web. It begins by defining web-based multimedia as the integration of various media types like text, images, video, and sound on web pages. It then discusses the basic multimedia elements of text, images, animation, audio, and video. The chapter also covers designing multimedia web sites, including determining objectives and audience, using flowcharts and layouts, and accessibility considerations. It concludes by outlining the process of developing a multimedia web site, which involves creating multimedia elements, using markup languages like HTML and XML to code pages, and testing and publishing the site.
This document discusses network and internet security. It covers 10 learning objectives on topics like unauthorized access, computer sabotage, identity theft, and protecting personal safety online. Some key points made include that security concerns are prevalent with computer networks and the internet. Examples are given of unauthorized access like hacking, war driving, and packet sniffing. The document also details ways to protect against unauthorized access, such as using access control systems, firewalls, encryption, and virtual private networks.
This document discusses the evolution of the Internet from its origins as ARPANET in 1969 to today's World Wide Web. It describes the various entities that make up the Internet community including users, internet service providers, content providers, infrastructure companies, and government organizations. It also outlines options for connecting to the Internet, such as dial-up, broadband, wireless and mobile connections. Key considerations for selecting a device, connection type, and internet service provider are reviewed.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to computer networks that will be covered in Chapter 7, including defining what a computer network is, common networking applications such as the internet and cellular networks, characteristics of networks such as wired vs wireless and different topologies, how data is transmitted over networks, examples of networking media like twisted pair cable and wireless frequencies, common communication protocols and standards, and networking hardware devices. The chapter will cover networking concepts, technical issues, protocols, and hardware in detail.
This document provides an overview of application software and discusses various types of application programs. It begins by defining application software and describing different types of software ownership rights. It then covers the basics of application software, including the differences between installed and web-based software. The document proceeds to discuss specific types of application software like word processing, spreadsheets, databases, and presentation graphics. It provides details on creating and working with documents in each of these software categories.
The document discusses system software, including operating systems and utility programs. It describes the functions of operating systems such as interfacing with users, booting computers, managing devices and resources, and providing security. Popular operating systems mentioned include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, and iOS. Utility programs are also discussed, including file management programs, backup and restore utilities, disk management, and search tools.
This chapter discusses various input and output devices used with computers. It describes keyboards, pointing devices like mice and touchscreens, as well as scanners, readers and digital cameras that are used to input images, text and other data into computers. Output devices covered include display screens, printers and audio output systems. The chapter provides details on the types, functions and uses of different input/output hardware.
The document summarizes various types of storage systems used with personal computers. It describes the characteristics of hard drives and discusses magnetic hard drives and solid state drives. It covers optical discs like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs as well as their read-only, recordable, and rewritable varieties. Flash memory storage devices such as USB flash drives and memory cards are also outlined. The document briefly mentions other storage systems including network storage, smart cards, holographic storage, and large computer storage systems.
The document discusses the components inside a computer system unit. It describes how data and programs are represented digitally and in binary. The central processing unit (CPU) and memory are located on the motherboard along with buses that connect components. The CPU contains arithmetic, logic, and control units and processes instructions in memory. Expansion slots add functionality. Strategies like multi-core CPUs and faster buses improve performance.
This chapter introduces computers and their role in modern society. It discusses how computers have become integrated into business and personal lives. The chapter defines what a computer is and its basic operations of input, processing, output, storage, and communication. It provides an overview of the history of computers and important milestones. It also defines software and describes the major types of computers including personal computers, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Finally, it introduces computer networks and the internet.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2. Learning Objectives
1. Understand the different types of intellectual property rights
and how they relate to computer use.
2. Explain what is meant by ethics and provide several examples
of unethical behavior in computer-related matters.
3. Describe some possible physical and emotional health risks
associated with the use of computers.
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
2
2
3. Learning Objectives
4. Discuss the impact that factors, such as
nationality, income, race, education, and physical
disabilities, may have on computer access and use.
5. Suggest some ways computer users can practice “green
computing” and properly dispose of obsolete computer
equipment.
6. Discuss the current status of legislation related to intellectual
property rights, ethics, access, and the environment in
relation to computers.
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
3
4. Overview
• This chapter covers:
– Various types of intellectual property rights
– A discussion of ethics, including ethical use of copyrighted
material, ethical uses of resources and information,
unethical use of digital manipulation, and ethical business
practices
– The impact of computers on our physical and emotional
health
– Issues related to the access of technology
– The impact of computers on our environment
– A look at legislation related to these issues
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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4
5. Intellectual Property Rights
• Intellectual Property Rights
– Rights to which creators of original creative works are
entitled
• Indicate who has the right to use, perform, or display a
creative work
• Indicate how long the creator retains rights to the
property
– Music, movies, paintings, books of art and
poetry, etc.
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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6. Intellectual Property Rights
• Copyrights
– Form of protection available to the creator of original
artistic or literary works
– Last until 70 years after creator’s death
– For corporate copyrights or anonymous works, last 95
years from date of
publication or 120 years from
date of creation, whichever is
shorter
– Can be registered
with U.S. Copyright
Office
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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7. Intellectual Property Rights
– Digital Watermarks
• Subtle alteration of digital content that is not
noticeable but that can identify the copyright holder
– Digital Rights Management (DRM) Software
• Used to protect and manage the rights of creators of
digital content such as art, music, photographs, movies
• Can limit who can view, print, or copy a document
• Can control use of downloaded content (number of
devices a file can be copied to, expiration of video-ondemand movie, etc.)
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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9. Intellectual Property Rights
• Trademarks
– A word, phrase, symbol, or design that identifies goods or
services
• Trademark used to identify a service is called a service
mark; service marks claimed but not registered may use
the sm mark
• Trademarks claimed but not registered may use the ™
mark; registered trademarks use the ® mark
• Includes protection for domain names (cybersquatting
and typosquatting)
• Domain name disputes can be brought to the World
Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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11. Intellectual Property Rights
• Patents
– Protect inventions
– Last for 20 years
– Can also protect a business
practice or procedure
• Priceline.com’s name-yourown-price
• Amazon.com’s one-click
purchase
– Expensive and difficult to
obtain but can be very lucrative
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
11
12. Quick Quiz
1. Copyrights are valid for _____________.
a. 70 years after the creation of the work
b. 70 years after the publication of the work
c. 70 years after the death of the creator
2. True or False: Logos cannot be trademarked, just the names of
companies or products.
3. ______________________ are used to protect inventions.
Answers:
1) c; 2) False; 3) Patents
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
12
13. Ethics
• Ethics
– Overall standards of moral conduct
– Can vary with individual and religious
beliefs, country, race, or culture
– Personal Ethics
• Guide an individual’s personal behavior
– Business Ethics
• Guide a business’s policies, decisions, and actions
– Computer Ethics
• Concern moral conduct related to computer use
– Individuals and businesses need to make ethical decisions
every day
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
13
14. Ethics
• Ethical Use of Copyrighted Material
– Books and Web-based articles
• Need to properly credit sources to avoid plagiarism
• Strict consequences for plagiarism
• Online tests for plagiarism are available and widely
used by schools
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
14
16. Ethics
– Music
• Debate began with Napster
• Concerns still exist about P2P file sharing sites
– Downloading a music file from a P2P site without
compensating the artist and record label is violation
of the copyright law and an unethical act
• Copying purchased songs for personal, non-commercial
use usually considered within the fair use concept
• DRM controls can impact downloaded files, purchased
CDs, etc.
• Many downloads today are DRM-free MP3 formats
• RIAA suing individuals for illegal downloads
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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17. Ethics
– E-books
• In 2011, sales of e-books at
Amazon.com exceeded
print books
• Piracy of e-books
is growing quickly
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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18. Ethics
– Movies
• Movie piracy is high (illegal
copies, recording pre-release
movies to create DVDs, etc.)
• Distributing bootleg copies of
movies is illegal and unethical
– Often happens via the
Internet
– FBI Anti-Piracy Seal is used
with movie DVDs, music
CDs, and other intellectual
properties commonly
pirated
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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19. Ethics
• DRM controls are found on many legally downloaded
movies
– Can prevent movie from being copied to another
medium
– Can allow movie to be used only for a specified
period of time
• MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America) recently
began pursuing civil litigation for copyright violations
for against movie pirates
– Mainly goes after those who create illegal DVDs
– Also pursues people sharing movies illegally on the
Internet
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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20. Ethics
• Ethical Use of Resources and Information
– Ethical Use of School or Company Resources
• Code of Conduct
– Policy that specifies allowable use of resources by
students or employees
– Students and employees should be familiar with
what is considered acceptable
• Code of Ethics
– Policy, typically for an industry or organization, that
specifies overall moral guidelines adopted by that
industry or organization
• Whistleblowers have some protection under the law
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
20
22. Ethics
– Ethical Use of Employee and Customer Information
– Businesses need to decide what is ethical use of
employee and customer information
• Most business schools are incorporating business ethics
courses into the curriculum
– Questions about effectiveness of such courses are
ongoing
• Some businesses now require ethics training for their
employees
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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23. Ethics
– Cheating and Falsifying Information
• Cheating at high schools and
colleges is rampant
– Often done with the
Internet and mobile
phones
– Can be reduced by academic
honor codes
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
23
24. Ethics
• Résumé padding is considered unethical by most
companies
– Many companies will terminate employees who
were hired based on falsified résumés or
applications
– Other possible consequences include blacklisting
from a industry or being sued for breach of contract
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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25. Ethics
• Computer Hoaxes and Digital Manipulation
– Computer Hoaxes
• An inaccurate statement or story spread through the
use of computers
• Often sent via e-mail
• Often related to viruses, health issues, political issues
• Consider researching before passing on to others
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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27. Ethics
– Digital Manipulation
• Digitally altering text, images, photographs, music, and
other digital content
– Copyright concern
– Can be used to misquote people, repeat comments
out of context, create false or misleading
photographs
• Some beneficial ethical uses (aging photos of runaways
and missing children, altering photos of wanted
criminals, etc.)
• Use by media is more controversial
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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29. Ethics
• Ethical Business Practices and Decision Making
– Fraudulent Reporting and Other Scandalous Activities
• Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
– Includes provisions to improve the quality of
financial reporting, independent audits, and
accounting services for public companies
– Ethically Questionable Products or Services
• Decisions regarding selling products or services some
individuals find objectionable
• How, if at all, should businesses that allow users to
upload content to their Web sites monitor the content
posted
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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30. Ethics
• Age Verification
– Proof of age requirements for selling
liquor, tobacco, and other adult products via
Internet
– Online age verification is an emerging option
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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31. Ethics
– Vaporware
– Announced products that do not exist
– Workplace Monitoring
– Inform employees of the types of monitoring that may
occur
– Especially in countries other than the United States
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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32. Ethics
– Cultural Considerations
• Ethics vary within a country as well as from country to
country
• Some acts may be socially acceptable or
ethical in one country but not another
• Laws also vary from country to country
• Individuals and businesses need to
consider both legal and ethical
issues in global transactions
• Some business schools and
corporations are including
diversity and cross-cultural
training
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
32
33. Quick Quiz
1. An inaccurate statement or story spread though the use of
computers is referred to as _____________.
a. digital manipulation
b. code of ethics
c. computer hoax
2. True or False: Most legal experts agree that it’s okay for someone
who has legally obtained an audio CD to transfer those songs to a
CD-R disc for personal use.
3. Software and hardware products that have been announced and
advertised, but which are not yet available are considered
______________________.
Answers:
1) c; 2) True; 3) vaporware
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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34. Computers and Health
• Physical Health
– Computer use can cause physical injuries
• Eyestrain
• Blurred vision
• Fatigue
• Headaches
• Wrist and finger pain
– Repetitive Stress Injury (RSI)
• Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) (keyboard use)
• DeQuervain’s tendonitis (mobile device keyboard and
thumbpad use)
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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35. Computers and Health
–
–
–
–
Computer vision syndrome (CVS)
Backaches
Heat from laptops
Hearing loss from headphones
• 60/60 rule
– Text messaging while
driving
• DriveAssist
– Possible radiation risks from
wireless devices
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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36. Computers and Health
– What is Ergonomics?
• The science of fitting
a work environment
to the people who
work there
• Using good
workspace design
principles can help
avoid physical
problems
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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37. Computers and Health
• More difficult with portable computers and mobile
devices, but possible to improve work environment
– Travel mice and travel keyboards can help while on
the go
– Docking stations or notebook stands can be used
with portable computer at home or in the office
» Docking station connects the computer to
permanent hardware, such as a
keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc.
» Notebook stand raises a notebook up to a better
height
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
37
44. Computers and Health
• Emotional Health
– Stress of Ever-Changing Technology
• Knowledge of and ability to use technology is becoming
a necessity in many jobs
• Technology changes at a rapid pace
• Workers must regularly learn new skills which can
create stress for many individuals
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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46. Computers and Health
– Impact of our 24/7 Society
• Ability to be in touch
constantly can be a source of
great stress for some people
– “On call 24/7” and can
never get away
– Hard to relax when on
vacation and available
24/7
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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47. Computers and Health
– Information Overload
• Good searching
techniques are essential
– Do not try to read
everything written on
a subject
• Effectively manage your
e-mail
– Use e-mail filters and
flags
– Check messages only
periodically
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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48. Computers and Health
– Burnout
• A state of fatigue or frustration brought on by overwork
• Early Signs
– Feelings of emotional and physical exhaustion
– No longer caring about a project that was once
exciting
– Irritability
– Feelings of resentment about amount of work to be
done
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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49. Computers and Health
• Suggested Solutions
– Reevaluate schedule, priorities, and lifestyle
– Take a break or get away for a day
– Say no to additional commitments
– Develop healthy food and exercise routines
– Internet and Technology Addiction
• Problem of overusing, or being unable to stop
using, the Internet
– Interferes with normal living
– Causes severe stress to family and other loved ones
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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51. Computers and Health
• Growing problem in many countries
• Often related to e-mail, IM, shopping, gaming, social
networking, and pornography
• Can be addicted to other types of technology (video
games, etc.)
• Can result in loss of relationships, job loss, academic
failure, health problems, financial consequences, child
custody, suicide, and more
• Can be treated similar to other addictions
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
51
52. Access to Technology
• The Digital Divide
– The gap between those who have access to technology
and those who don’t
– Can have digital divide within a country, as well as
between countries
– The U.S. Digital Divide
• Differences in technology use by
income, race, geographical area, education, broadband
Internet use, etc.
• Reducing the U.S. digital divide is important to ensure
all citizens have an equal chance of being successful
• Some people choose not to use technology
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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54. Computers and Health
– The Global Digital Divide
• Some countries have access to technology and others
do not have the same level of access
• Perhaps more dramatic than the U.S. digital divide
– More than 2 billion people world-wide are online
(30% of the world’s population)
– 78% of the North American population is online
– 11% of Africa’s population is online
• Technology can provide telemedicine and education to
remote areas
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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55. Computers and Health
• New projects are emerging that
may help to reduce the global
digital divide
– Extending Wi-Fi to remote areas
– One Laptop Per Child
(OLPC) program
» Every child in the world
ages 6-12 has access to
a personal laptop
computer by 2015
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 14th Edition
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56. Computers and Health
• Assistive Technology
– Hardware and software designed for use by individuals
with physical disabilities
– Much improvement in assistive technology has occurred
in recent years
• Demand from disabled individuals and disability
organizations
• American with Disabilities Act
– Requires companies with 15 or more employees to
make reasonable accommodations for known
physical or mental limitations of otherwise qualified
individuals, unless doing so results in undue
hardship for the company
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57. Computers and Health
– Assistive Input Systems
• Braille keyboards
• Keyguards
• One-handed keyboards
• Voice input systems
• Switches
• Feet mice
• Head pointing systems
• Eye pointing systems
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59. Computers and Health
– Assistive Output Systems
• Screen readers
• Braille displays
• Braille printers
• Windows and Mac OS include a screen reader, onscreen keyboard, speech recognition capabilities, and
settings that can magnify the screen, change text size
and color, and convert audio cues into written text
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61. Environmental Concerns
• Green Computing
– The use of computers in an
environmentally friendly manner
– Energy consumption and heat
are key concerns today
– ENERGY STAR Program
• Developed to encourage the
development of energy-saving
devices
• Eco-labels also used in
other countries
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62. Environmental Concerns
– Energy Consumption and Conservation
• Power consumption and heat generation by computers
are key concerns for businesses
– More powerful computers use more energy and run
hotter, which makes increases cooling costs
– Servers are especially power-hungry
• Energy-saving tactics
– Consolidating servers
– Powering down computers when not in use
– Using desktop virtualization
– Using cloud computing
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63. Environmental Concerns
• Energy-saving features on
computer hardware
– Computers and printers that
go into a very low-power
sleep mode when idle
– Low-power consumptive
chips and boards
– High-efficiency power
supplies
– Energy-efficient flat-panel
displays
– Liquid cooling systems
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64. Environmental Concerns
– Alternate Power
• Solar power
– Solar panels convert sunlight into direct current
(DC) electricity, which is then stored in a battery
– Solar panels to be built into covers of notebook
computers will be both solar-powered and handpowered chargers and can be used with portable
computers, mobile phones, and other small
portable devices
• Portable fuel-cell chargers
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66. Environmental Concerns
– Green Components
• Computers run quieter and cooler
• More recyclable hardware and packaging being used
• Amount of toxic chemicals in personal computers being
reduced
• Recycled plastics being used in some mobile phones
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67. Environmental Concerns
• Recycling and Disposal of Computing Equipment
– Paper-based trash
• Paperless office basically a myth
• Almost one-billion pieces of paper a year generated by
printers world wide
• Utilities designed to reduce paper consumption
– GreenPrint, PrintWhatYouLike.com
» Eliminate images, blank pages, non-critical
content in order to print on the least amount of
paper as possible
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68. Environmental Concerns
– E-trash (e-waste)
• Disposable products (used
toner cartridges, discarded
CDs and DVDs, other storage
media, disposable digital
cameras)
• Discarded hardware (old
computers, mobile
phones, TVs, etc.)
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69. Environmental Concerns
• Many elements found in hardware are dangerous
– Arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium
– Much ends up in municipal landfills not designed
for toxic waste
• Much e-waste from developed countries is shipped to
developing countries such as Nigeria, China, and India
• Many organizations are working to find ways to protect
people and the environment from future
contamination
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70. Environmental Concerns
• Proper recycling is essential
– Some recycling centers will accept computer
equipment
• Many computer manufacturers have voluntary takeback programs
• Expired toner and ink cartridges can sometimes be
returned to manufacturer or exchanged when
purchasing new cartridges
• Using recharged printer cartridges saves consumers’
money and helps reduce e-waste in landfills
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71. Environmental Concerns
• Donate obsolete
equipment to schools and
other organizations
• For security and privacy
reasons, all data should be
completely removed before
disposal or donation
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72. Related Legislation
• There is legislation to protect intellectual property rights, such
as:
– Family Entertainment and Copyright Act of 2005 (FECA)
– U.S. Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act
– Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
• Ethical legislation is more difficult to pass
– The 1998 amendment to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation
Act requires federal agency information be accessible to
persons with disabilities
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73. Related Legislation
– Currently, no federal computer recycling laws are in effect
in the U.S.
• Federal agencies are required to purchase energyefficient electronic products
– The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and HIPAA established privacy and
data protection standards
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74. Quick Quiz
1. Which of the following is NOT an assistive input device?
a. Braille display
b. Head-pointing system
c. One-handed keyboard
2. True or False: E-trash is no longer a concern today since
modern computers contain very few toxic materials.
3. A device designed to connect a portable computer to
conventional hardware such as a keyboard, mouse, and
printer is called a(n) ______________________.
Answers:
1) a; 2) False; 3) docking station
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