Time to make a choice between a fully liberal or fully regulated model for th...Université de Liège (ULg)
Prof. Damien Ernst explaining why it is time to make a choice between a fully liberal or fully regulated model for the electrical industry. Link to a video of the conference given at the end of the presentation.
This is a talk where Prof. Damien ERNST explains how Reinforcement Learning could be used to tackle various problems in the field of energy markets and for the energy transition.
Andreas Sumper
CITCEA-UPC
WORKSHOP: “DEFINING SMART GRIDS: CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION”
SESSION 2: SMART GRIDS CHALLENGES: THE VISION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CENTRES
Barcelona, 9th February 2017
Organised by TR@NSENER Consortium.
TR@NSENER - European cooperation Network on Energy Transition in Electricity
Time to make a choice between a fully liberal or fully regulated model for th...Université de Liège (ULg)
Prof. Damien Ernst explaining why it is time to make a choice between a fully liberal or fully regulated model for the electrical industry. Link to a video of the conference given at the end of the presentation.
This is a talk where Prof. Damien ERNST explains how Reinforcement Learning could be used to tackle various problems in the field of energy markets and for the energy transition.
Andreas Sumper
CITCEA-UPC
WORKSHOP: “DEFINING SMART GRIDS: CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION”
SESSION 2: SMART GRIDS CHALLENGES: THE VISION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CENTRES
Barcelona, 9th February 2017
Organised by TR@NSENER Consortium.
TR@NSENER - European cooperation Network on Energy Transition in Electricity
Introduction To Micro-grid.
Need Of Micro-Grid.
Microgrid structure.
Mode Of Power Generation.
Mode Of Operation.
Micro-Grid Example.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Micro-Grid.
Expected Micro-Grid Features.
Conclusion
References.
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Modeling Microgrids with HOMER: Capabilities and Benefits in the U.S. Grid-Connected Market, presented by John Glassmire, HOMER Energy, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
"Sustainable Economic Ecosystems" will power the transition from the Industrial Era to the Era of Sustainability. Begin here to learn more about the construct and the emergence of Smart Villages.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 T MAHMOUD Western Powerjames hamilton
The energy industry is rapidly evolving to take advantage of renewable resources and Western Power is embracing new technologies that will improve service and reliability to our customers. New and improving technologies such as solar, wind, wave and most importantly batteries are changing the way we think about the delivery and storage of electricity. One of these developments is the microgrid, which is essentially a small scale power grid that can operate independently (in ‘island mode’) or connect with the main electrical grid – think of a small suburb, or estate, that shares electricity and the cost of the infrastructure. A microgrid needs to control the flow of electricity of low or medium voltage, but does not need connection to a centralised generation or transmission network. Western Power has trialled the world’s first microgrid project that combines wave energy, solar (photovoltaic) energy, a desalination plant, and energy storage that connects to our large electricity network.
Thair demonstrates extensive engineering experience focused on power systems planning and real-time operation. This includes experience in load, generation and microgrids grid connection, renewable energies, transmission networks planning and stability. This experience is supported by his academic research at the University of Tasmania and Edith Cowan University, including invitation to review international journals and conferences in the field of Energy Systems and Artificial Intelligence. Thair has previously held roles with Canegie Wave Energy and Deng Kai.
Capacity mechanisms for improving security of supply: quick fixes or thoughtf...Université de Liège (ULg)
This presentation discusses future electricity market designs and, in particular, capacity remuneration mechanisms that are needed for new investments and security of supply.
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Rivermoor Energy, presented by John Tourtelotte, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
This talks describes the business cases for building large electrical interconnections in a context where the energy is produced by renewable energy sources (mainly solar power an wind power).
Peer to peer transactions of renewable energy attributes. A Blockchain/Energy enabled glimpse into the community energy, microgrid sharing economy of the future
Introduction To Micro-grid.
Need Of Micro-Grid.
Microgrid structure.
Mode Of Power Generation.
Mode Of Operation.
Micro-Grid Example.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Micro-Grid.
Expected Micro-Grid Features.
Conclusion
References.
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Modeling Microgrids with HOMER: Capabilities and Benefits in the U.S. Grid-Connected Market, presented by John Glassmire, HOMER Energy, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
"Sustainable Economic Ecosystems" will power the transition from the Industrial Era to the Era of Sustainability. Begin here to learn more about the construct and the emergence of Smart Villages.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 T MAHMOUD Western Powerjames hamilton
The energy industry is rapidly evolving to take advantage of renewable resources and Western Power is embracing new technologies that will improve service and reliability to our customers. New and improving technologies such as solar, wind, wave and most importantly batteries are changing the way we think about the delivery and storage of electricity. One of these developments is the microgrid, which is essentially a small scale power grid that can operate independently (in ‘island mode’) or connect with the main electrical grid – think of a small suburb, or estate, that shares electricity and the cost of the infrastructure. A microgrid needs to control the flow of electricity of low or medium voltage, but does not need connection to a centralised generation or transmission network. Western Power has trialled the world’s first microgrid project that combines wave energy, solar (photovoltaic) energy, a desalination plant, and energy storage that connects to our large electricity network.
Thair demonstrates extensive engineering experience focused on power systems planning and real-time operation. This includes experience in load, generation and microgrids grid connection, renewable energies, transmission networks planning and stability. This experience is supported by his academic research at the University of Tasmania and Edith Cowan University, including invitation to review international journals and conferences in the field of Energy Systems and Artificial Intelligence. Thair has previously held roles with Canegie Wave Energy and Deng Kai.
Capacity mechanisms for improving security of supply: quick fixes or thoughtf...Université de Liège (ULg)
This presentation discusses future electricity market designs and, in particular, capacity remuneration mechanisms that are needed for new investments and security of supply.
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Rivermoor Energy, presented by John Tourtelotte, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
This talks describes the business cases for building large electrical interconnections in a context where the energy is produced by renewable energy sources (mainly solar power an wind power).
Peer to peer transactions of renewable energy attributes. A Blockchain/Energy enabled glimpse into the community energy, microgrid sharing economy of the future
Peer to peer transactions of tokens representing generative photo voltaic capacity of kWh production at the facility level. An Ethereum enabled glimpse into the community energy sharing economy of the future
The GREDOR project. Redesigning the decision chain for managing distribution ...Université de Liège (ULg)
This presentation proposes an integrated methodology for redesigning the decision chain in distribution networks for integrating renewable energy and demand side management.
Presentación en la Red de Ciudades por la Bicicleta en marzo de 2017, para explicar buenas prácticas sobre bicicleta pública, integración con el resto del transporte público y tendencias del sector.
The Romanian Tourism Fair is an event organized twice a year by Romexpo Exhibition Centre, Bucharest. In 2014, the spring edition takes place in March, between 13th and 16th.
The event is the perfect place to present the most interesting offers and touristic attractions, both from Romania and abroad, including all types of tourism: business, cultural, rural, spa & treatment, as well as exotic destinations, cruises, adventure trips or pilgrimages.
For more information, please visit: www.targuldeturism.ro/home
CyberKnife System is the first and only fully robotic radiation Radiation therapy uses focused beams of intense energy to destroy cancer cells and shrink or control the growth of tumors. Radiation therapy works by preventing targeted cells from multiplying. The objective of radiation therapy is to destroy the harmful cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells.
The short answer is yes. The extraordinary success of Karl Ove Knausgård and Elena Ferrante in recent years is proof that fiction from other lands has a global following. Last year a new report from Literature Across Frontiers (LAF) finally put some figures on this. The statistics show a steady growth of literary translations over the past two decades, both in absolute numbers and as a share of the whole. The number of literary translations into English grew by two-thirds between 1990 and 2012, accounting for a peak of 5.23% of the whole in 2011 against an average of just 3%. Specialist foreign-fiction publishers, such as Quercus, Pereine and Pushkin, have all sprung up in the past decade or so.
Namu pārvaldnieka un ekspertu sadarbība energoefektivitātes projektos. Problēmas un ieteikumi
Artis Rimma, SIA “Liepājas namu apsaimniekotājs”, Latvijas Namu pārvaldītāju un apsaimniekotāju asociācija
video: https://youtu.be/l9-WmijAueU
2017.gada 20.marts, Rīga
Growth of internet in world as well as specifically in India.
A huge difference found between 90's condition of Internet and Today;s condition in world which is shortly describe in PPT.
GT Uber Like Models for Electrical Industry | LLN - 10 octobre 2017Cluster TWEED
Groupe de travail TWEED-ULG du 10 octobre 2017 pour débattre et discuter avec Damien Ernst des futurs modèles du réseau électrique : livraison d'énergie électrique domestique par camions-batteries, rechargement automatique et nocturne de voitures électriques, ...
http://clusters.wallonie.be/tweed-fr/gt-uber-like-models-for-electrical-industry-lln-10-octobre-2017.html?IDC=5378&IDD=91936
NanoGrids for Home Application in a Power Cloud Framework Alessandro Burgio
Thanks to recent innovations driven by European Union and national policies, lately it has been possible to see the realization of effective renewable energy technologies, for both large and small-scale use, alongside considerable cost reductions for customers. As a result, businesses and households can increasingly produce and consume, some or all, their own electricity, either instantaneously or in a deferred manner through decentralized storage, behind the connection point with the grid (i.e. the meter). In such a way, it is possible to maximize self-consumption in order to increase their efficiency of energy use and reduce their exposure to electricity prices. In the paper, the use of the so-called Nanogrid for Home Application is proposed to achieve the result of the self-consumption maximization. Moreover, a framework of exchanging energy among Prosumers (Power Cloud) is illustrated to promote the use of Nanogrids for Home Applications.
Simulation of a microgrid for a non-interconnected zone that integrates renew...IJECEIAES
This paper develops a simulation of a small electrical network (Microgrid) that integrates renewable energies, the model of the micro network is made up of a solar energy source, a wind energy source, an energy storage element, a non-renewable source such as a diesel generator. The model of the microgrid represent a non-interconnected area from the electrical network in Colombia. The non-interconnected areas sometimes depend on unreliable connections to the grid integration of renewable energies could be the best option to guarantee energy in these sectors and allow generating projects with social impact. A possible solution to this deficit of energy is to supplement the production of energy with renewable energy plants from resources as sun or wind. The simulated model allowed to study the effects of the network in island mode and in interconnected mode, showing the imbalances that can be obtained by integrating renewable energies and storage systems. It is verified that with an inclusion of more than 30% of power in renewable energies there is the possibility of having load imbalances, which affect the frequency and cause instability in the network. It also verifies how a control system can regulate the load balance but must interact with the other energy sources.
Optimized Power Flows in Microgrid with and without Distributed Energy Storag...Power System Operation
This study presents a combined algebraic and power flow model of a microgrid. The aim of this study is to introduce a strong tool which is capable to compare physical parameters of a microgrid which are hardly possible to calculate only by common algebraic optimization methods. Especially interesting is comparison between microgrids without energy storage, with a single bigger battery plant and with distributed batteries. This study focuses mainly on high voltage (HV) part of a transformer, inductive power and power losses in microgrids. Modelled microgrid consists of five robust nodes (which can represent living quarters with renewable energy production and energy storage) connected into a single transformer node, which later leads to the transmission system.
Hybrid Micro Grid Architectures and ChallengesIJMTST Journal
The distribution system is part of the electric power system that links the bulk transmission system and the
individual customers. Increasing environmental concerns, consumer expectations in terms of reliability &
better quality of power supply and improving economics of distributed energy resources (DER) based on
renewable, is making Micro Grid a viable proposition. Present electrical distribution system offers many
technical & operational glitches for successful integration of Micro Grid Technologies. Modern Power systems
are smart, interconnected, interdependent, load sharing and phased mission systems. Micro grids are
composed by distributed generators, energy storage devices, intelligent circuit breakers and local loads. In
this paper, a review of the main micro grid architectures proposed in the literature has been carried out. The
micro grid architectures are first classified regarding their AC or DC distribution buses. Besides, more
complex micro grid architectures will be discussed. Both advantages and disadvantages of each one of the
micro grid families will be discussed.
The aim of this paper to review the applications of photovoltaic panels in different areas in
different manner.Off grid,grid connected and hybrid method of application are most widely used.Depending
upon locations and requirement of power,they are used.The benefits of solar power is described here in brief.
Access to energy is at the heart of the economic development of any country. This slide shows the fundamental differences between renewable and non-renewable energy sources. To cope with climate change and to guarantee the planet survival, the world needs to take urgent action. In this scenario, solar energy is leading the energy shift. Furthermore, with declining investments cost, producing solar electricity for the purpose of self-consumption is on the rise. A solar self- consumption installation uses the PV electricity generated on-site to meet the energy needs of the consumer while minimizing or excluding the use of electricity from the utility grid.
Similar to Uber-like Models for the Electrical Industry (20)
This is the conference I gave for the kickoff meeting of AI4Energy.
You can also access a power point version of the presentation with better quality images and the video from this URL address: http://hdl.handle.net/2268/252633
In this presentation, we discuss ambitious solutions for fighting climate change and present the first results of the Katabata project. The goal of this project was to install weather stations in very windy parts of Greenland, as a first step to harvest wind energy there.
Download a power point version of this presentation with higher quality images at the following address: https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/251827
In this presentation, we discuss several major engineering projects that should be put in place for fighting climate change at a cheap cost. Among others: a global electrical grid, carbon capture technologies, power-to-gas devices.
Harvesting wind energy in Greenland: a project for Europe and a huge step tow...Université de Liège (ULg)
Current global environmental challenges require vigorous and diverse actions in the energy sector. One solution that has recently attracted interest consists in harnessing high-quality variable renewable energy resources in remote locations, while using transmission links to transport the power to end users. In this context, a comparison of western European and Greenland wind regimes is proposed. By leveraging a regional atmospheric model specically designed to accurately capture polar phenomena, local climatic features of southern Greenland are identied to be particularly conducive to extensive renewable electricity generation from wind. A methodology to assess how connecting remote locations to major demand centres would benet the latter from a resource availability standpoint is introduced and applied to the aforementioned Europe-Greenland case study, showing superior and complementary wind generation potential in the considered region of Greenland with respect to selected European sites.
Ce document présente le décret sur les communautés d'énergie renouvelable qui sera bientôt en vigueur en Wallonie, la partie francophone de la Belgique. Il s'agit d'une pièce de législation avant-gardiste dans le domaine des réseaux électriques.
Harnessing the Potential of Power-to-Gas Technologies. Insights from a prelim...Université de Liège (ULg)
This presentation explores the potential of power-to-gaz
technologies for a deep decarbonization of our economies. A case study carried out on the Belgian energy system is discussed.
This is a summary of the work I did over these last years in power systems and in reinforcement learning (and with my very latest work about neuromulation in reinforcement learning).
Soirée des Grands Prix SEE - A glimpse at the research work of the laureate o...Université de Liège (ULg)
Presentation given on the 3rd of December 2018 in Paris, at the event where I was awarded by the SEE the prestigious Blondel Medal for my research work. This presentation gives a brief overview of the work I have carried out over these last twenty years.
This is the material of a 4 hour class given in the framework of a EES-UETP class (Electrical Energy Systems - University Enterprise Training Partnership). The first part gives a brief overview of the applications of reinforcement learning for solving decision-making problems related to electrical systems. The second part explains how to build intelligent agents using reinforcement learning.
Electricity retailing in Europe: remarkable events (with a special focus on B...Université de Liège (ULg)
This short presentation gives a quick overview of the significant changes that have happened in the electricity retailing business in Europe, since the liberalization of the sector.
Very nice presentation done on the Belgian offshore wind potential. It has been done by a student in the "Sustainable energy class" that I am giving at the ULiège. http://blogs.ulg.ac.be/damien-ernst/genv0002-1-sustainable-energy/
Conference on the electrification of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Link to a video of the conference at the end of the presentation (in French).
Conférence d'ouverture donnée par le Prof . Ernst lors de la soirée de lancement de la saison 2016-2017 de Liège Créative. Accéder à la vidéo de la conférence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SJ14Sj33bI
Présentation faite lors de l'Assemblée générale de "Touche pas à mes certificats verts", une organisation belge qui défend les propriétaires de panneaux photovoltaïques contre les gestionnaires de réseaux et les gouvernements. Voici le lien vers la vidéo de la conférence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Icz4JIP8_sY
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
Check out our list of the top 10 B.Tech colleges to help you make the right choice for your future career!
1) MNIT
2) MANIPAL UNIV
3) LNMIIT
4) NIMS UNIV
5) JECRC
6) VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIV
7) BIT JAIPUR
8) APEX UNIV
9) AMITY UNIV.
10) JNU
TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES, FEES AND PLACEMENT, WATCH THE FULL VIDEO GIVEN BELOW ON "TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSNje0MBh7g
VISIT CAREER MANTRA PORTAL TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES/UNIVERSITITES in Jaipur:
https://careermantra.net/colleges/3378/Jaipur/b-tech
Get all the information you need to plan your next steps in your medical career with Career Mantra!
https://careermantra.net/
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
3. Microgrids: the most popular uber-like model
A microgrid is an electrical system that includes one or multiple loads, as well as one or
several distributed energy sources, that are operated in parallel with the broader utility grid.
The single-user microgrid
1. Legal.
2. Popularised by PV panels and
batteries.
3. Possibility to have a microgrid
fully disconnected from the
utility grid.
Utility grid Meter Single legal entity
(e.g. a household, a
company)
Electrical energy
source(s) & load(s)
4. The multi-user microgrid
1. Regulatory framework may
not allow for the creation of
multi-user microgrids.
2. Often more cost-efficient
than the single-user
microgrid (e.g. economy of
scale in generation and
storage, easier to get higher
self-consumption at the
multi-user level).
Utility grid Money paid for
energy and
transmission/
distribution
and tariffs only
based on this
meter
Several legal entities.
Submetering
Electrical
energy
source(s)
and/or load(s)
Electrical
energy
source(s)
and/or load(s)
5. Why microgrids?
1. Financial reasons: (i) Price paid for generating electricity locally is
lower than price paid for buying electricity from the utility grid (ii)
Hedging against high electricity prices.
2. Technical reasons: (i) Microgrids – especially multi-user ones – are a
great way for integrating renewables into the grid and developing
active network management schemes (ii) Security of supply, especially
if the microgrids can be operated in an autonomous way.
3. Societal reasons: (i) Local jobs (ii) Energy that belongs to the people.
6. A taxonomy for uber-like models for electricity
Microgrid
2. Multi-user
4. Power
generation
and/or
storage
anywhere
Virtual microgrid
Electric
Vehicles (EVs)
No Electric
Vehicle Battery
5. Users
close to
each other
Mobile storage
device
1. Single-user
Single-user
3. Power
generation
and/or
storage close
to the user
Multi-user
6. Users
located
anywhere
Vehicules to
Grid (V2G)
Not V2G
7. Car not always
charged at home
8. Car
discharging
only at home
9. Car as a
substitute for the
utility grid
10. Delivery of
electricity with
storage devices
11. Storage devices
as a substitute for
the transmission grid
7. Model 3 and 4: The single-user
virtual microgrid
1. If the user is located close to
generation/storage (Model 3), it may have
beneficial effects on the network to increase
self-consumption in the virtual microgrid.
2. Model 3 tested in Belgium. Known as E-
Cloud. Big storage generation/storage devices
in an E-Cloud but they are divided up among
several single users.
3. Standard regulations do not allow for the
creation of virtual microgrids.
Single user
Generation
From the market point of view,
the consumption of the ‘single
user’ is equal to the sum of
the consumption measured by
the three meters, for every
market period.
ΣBattery
8. Electrical
energy
source(s)
and/or load(s)
Electrical
energy
source(s)
and/or load(s)
Electrical
energy
source(s)
and/or load(s)
Σ=user of
the virtual
microgrid
Consumption in the virtual microgrid,
as seen from the market
Model 5 and 6:The multi-user virtual
microgrid
1. May be very helpful to integrate renewables
if users are located close to each other
(Model 5).
2. Difficult to have multi-user virtual microgrids
that can operate in an autonomous way.
3. Easier to create a multi-user virtual microgrid
in one area of a network than a multi-user
microgrid. In a multi-user microgrid, one
single potential user may block the creation
of the microgrid.
9. Model 5 (not 6) authorized in France?
A piece of French regulation « authorizing » the creation of multi-user virtual microgrids for
which all the users are connected to the same low-voltage feeder (Model 5):
PS: Sorry for those of you who do not speak French
10. Model 7: EV – Car not always charged at home
A few comments on how this model could affect the electrical industry:
1. May help domestic microgrids with PV and batteries to go fully off grid. How?
During a sunny period the owner of the (good-sized) domestic microgrid would
charge its EV at home. Otherwise, he would charge it at another location. This
would help the fully off-grid microgrid to handle the inter-seasonal fluctuations of
PV energy.
2. The EVs could be charged immediately adjacent to renewable generation units
where electricity costs may be much lower than retailing cost for electricity. Two
numbers: retail price for electricity in Belgium: 250 €/MWh. Cost of PV energy in
Belgium: less than 100 €/MWh.
May also help to avoid problems on distribution networks caused by renewables.
11. Download the reference: An App-based Algorithmic Approach for Harvesting Local and Renewable Energy Using Electric Vehicles.
12. 1. Could allow for the creation
of fully off-grid microgrids that
do not have their own
generation capacities.
2. Self-driving EVs could, during
the night, autonomously bring
back electricity to the house.
This electricity could be stored
in the batteries of the house.
Model 8: V2G – Vehicle discharging only at home
13. Model 9: V2G – Car as a substitute for the utility grid
EV charging could be carried
out next to electricity sources
at a cheap price. Afterwards,
EVs could directly sell their
electricity (without using the
grid) to any electricity
consumer at a higher price. As
such, they will act as a true
competitor for the utility grid.
14. Model 9 may become very successful with
the rise of self-driving cars for two main
reasons:
1. No one will be needed to drive the car to
collect electricity and deliver it to the
electricity consumer.
2. Fleets of self-driving cars will not be
used during the night to transport
passengers. Using them during the night as
a substitute for the electrical network will
therefore accrue very little additional
capital costs.
15. Model 10: No EV battery. Delivery of electricity using storage devices
1. Many producers of electrical
energy could start delivering
electricity directly to home
batteries through the use of
mobile batteries.
2. Delivery system may be
significantly cheaper than the cost
of running distribution networks
in rural areas.
3. Biggest competitor of Model
10: Model 9.
16. Model 11: No EV battery.
Storage devices as a substitute
for the transmission grid
1. The off-shore grid could be replaced
by a system of boats with batteries.
2. Renewable energy collected at
remote locations, such as the East coast
of Greenland for example, where there
is ample wind, could be brought back
to consumption centres with using large
ships full of batteries. Model is
competitive with undersea cables once
cost of batteries drops below 50 €/kWh.
3. Model 11 could be combined with a
model based on electricity distribution
with batteries.
17. If I just had one tweet for commenting on
each of these models.
Model 1: Microgrid – single user.
18. Model 3: The single-user virtual microgrid. Power generation and/or
storage close to the user
Model 2: Microgrid – multi-user.
19. Model 4: The single-user virtual microgrid . Generation and/or storage
anywhere
Model 5: The multi-user virtual microgrid. Generation and/or storage
close to the user
20. Model 6: The multi-user virtual microgrid. Generation and/or storage
anywhere for the user