The document is a technical seminar report on recent trends in distributed energy systems submitted by Pogakula Abdul Nabi. It discusses how traditional power systems are centralized but new challenges are driving a change to distributed energy systems. It outlines trends like solar storage, smart microgrids, DC microgrids, and achieving 100% renewable energy. Distributed energy resources can provide fuel diversity, reduce transmission losses, and keep power available during outages. Solar photovoltaics are an important distributed technology and their costs are decreasing. Storage is needed to integrate intermittent solar power into the grid and hybrid storage approaches are being developed. Smart grids with two-way communication and control allow more renewable integration and customer choice. Microgrids are a key component to

1. A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT
ON
RECENT TRENDS IN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEMS
Submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anathapuramu for the partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Submitted by
POGAKULAABDUL NABI
Regd. No. 17FH5A0209
Under The Esteemed Guidance of
Mr. A.RAJA BABU M.Tech,
Assistant Professor, EEE Department
DEPARTMENT OF ELCTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Dr. K.V. SUBBA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to JNTU, Anantapur, Approved by AICTE)
DUPADU, KURNOOL (Dist), AP-518218
2017-2020

2. RECENT TRENDS
IN
DISTRIBUTED
ENERGY SYSTEMS

3. Key Points of MyPresentation
Why are traditional power systems centralized ?
The Changing Energy Landscape
Distributed Energy Systems
 Trends:
Solar Storage
Smart Micro grids
DC Microgrids
100% Renewables
Conclusions

4. Challenges of CentralizedPower
Generation…
 Not enough power to supply to everyone.
 Rural areas last priority.
 Ageing Infrastructure. Significant investment will be
required to upgrade the transmission and distribution
net works in next 20 years.
 Very high (30-50%) AT&C losses.(EI-EB)*100/EI
 In addition to the cash cost, these electricity losses
have an implicit cost in terms of greenhouse gas
emissions.

5. The Case forCentralization

6. Non-EconomicReasons
Easier to Control
Necessary when supply follows load
Aligns with social Hierarchy
•Centralized generators under control of
political and economic elites
Vertical integration allows companies to offset
their risk, and gives them sufficient balance
sheet depth to finance their operations cheaply.
For all of these reasons, the centralised market
structure tends to drive market concentration.

7. The Changing Energy Landscape
New LoadTypes Power ShortagesGlobal Warming
Finite Fossil Fuels Cyber Attack Risks Rising Energy Demands
ProsumersAgeing Infrastructure

8. DistributedEnergySystems
 Distributed energy resource (DER) systems are
small- scale power generation or storage technologies
located at or close to the point of consumption.
 Fuel Diversity
 provide an alternative to or an enhancementof the
traditional electric power system.
 reduces T&D losses and also distribution
congestion.
 reduces the need for system strengthening.
 additional benefits of islanding and supplying the
local area in case of storms, cyclones etc. enabling
power to be available even in times of storms.

9. PhotovoltaicSystem:-
9
 Photovoltaics, is by far the
most important solar
technology for distributed
generation of solar power.
 The first practical
photovoltaic cell was publicly
demonstrated on 25 April
1954 at Bell Laboratories by
Chapin, Fuller and Pearson.
Solar Insolation:1367.7 W/m2 in space
1000 W/m2 at sea level
Typical level : 800-850 W/m2

10. Cost Trends :-
10

11. Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) :-
11

12. PVSystemEfficiency:-
12

13. IndianScenario:-
13
Penetration of Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources
Envisaged (Capacity Terms)
Source Capacity as on
30.06.2017
Government Target
by 2022
Solar 13.11 GW 100 GW
Wind 32.17 GW 60 GW

14. Unfortunately…..
14
 Limited dispatchability
 Intermittent…… No sun at night
 Non-storable
Power conversation takes place through
power electronic devices, therefore issues
regarding the power quality.
 Highly variable
It may cause grid instability in terms of
power frequency control

15. TheRoleofStorage:-
15
Storage decouples supply and demand
Abstract Model:
Storage reshapes variable supply power
S(t) to desired output power D(t).

16. StorageOperations:-
16
When to charge?
What source to charge from?
How much to charge?
When to discharge?
How much to discharge?
What load to discharge to?

17. The TroublesomeCoupling
17

18. HybridEnergyStorage:-
18

19. AdvancedEnergyStorage:-
19
New Battery
Technologies
•Sodium Sulfur (NaS)
Plug-in Hybrid
Electric Vehicle
(PHEV)
•Grid-to-Vehicle(G2V)
•Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)
•Peak load leveling

20. THE SMARTGRID…..
20

21. InfluenceofSolarPowerin Smart
Grids
21
Incorporating solar energy
and storage in the power
sector requires
infrastructural changes and
new ways of managing the
power in the grid.

22. Traditional Grid Smart Grid
Analog (Electro-mechanical) Digital
One way Communication Two Way communication
Centralized power generation Distributed power generation
Manual operation Automatic operation
Manual Check/Test Remote Check/Test
Limited Control Pervasive Control
Few Customer Choices Many Customer Choices
Few user options More customer engagement
Failure and Power Outages Adaptive and Islanded

23. Applications:-
23

24. MicroGrids:Acriticalcomponent:-
• Smart microgrids are an ideal
way to integrate renewable
resources on the community
level and allow for customer
participation in the electricity
enterprise. They form the
building blocks of the Smart
Grid.
• Decentralized control makes
the system efficient and
modular

25. DCMicrogrid:anewsourceoflocalpower
generation?
A DC microgrid comprises:
DC power generation(i.e. fuel cell, solar PV panels,
or micro wind turbines)
DC electrical storage (i.e. battery or super capacitor);
DC power distribution (i.e. wiring and control);
DC gadgets (i.eDC li. laptops, telephones, satellite TV
controllers);
Lighting (i.e. LEDs).

26. Case for DCMicrogrids…..
 Whilst homes generally
 Require an AC supply for inherently “high” power
devices such as washing
 machines,there are a surprising number of environments,
where these devices are not used. In such cases a DC
microgrid could be the sole power provider.
The elimination of invertor cost, simplified installation and
reduced fuel costs yielded by a DC microgrid system
potentially make it cost effective to operate independently of
the electricity grid and conventional main-power generators.
Low risk of dangerous electric shocks from low voltage DC
makes plug-and-play grids a possibility.

27. DC SmartMicrogrids
Adding intelligence and internet connectivity to DC micro-
grid controllers further enables consumer engagement.
Not yet found wider application because of the higher
electrical losses associated with transmitting a fixed
amount of power as low voltage DC, rather than higher
voltage AC.
But with the proliferation of low power electronic devices,
bringing the potential for LEDs to reduce lighting loads by
a up to a factor of 10 and the potential for efficient
distributed power generation, localised DC networks – or
DC microgrids - may finally be practical.

29. Conclusions…..
The trend to decentralization is inevitable .
- driven by science, economics, and geo-politics.
-Microgrids enable smart mix" of renewable energy
sources to reliably meet electricity demand
 DC Micro grids make sense as decentralised power
locally.
Expensive in terms of generation compared to large
scale centralized power plants
Reduced T&D losses, technology scale-up, reduced
carbon imprints - effective cost is competitive
Various technologies at different stages of development
Technology limitation, operational challenges, support &
accountability, financing gaps, skills shortage

31. THANK Q …
A
PRESENTATION
BY
A b d บ l ή A b