The document discusses macronutrients that are essential for plant growth. The key macronutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sulfur. Nitrogen is important for producing proteins and chlorophyll. Phosphorus plays roles in photosynthesis, respiration, energy storage, and cell growth. Potassium regulates stomata and enzyme activation. Calcium is important for cell wall structure and nutrient uptake. Sulfur assists in protein and enzyme formation. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are absorbed through photosynthesis and used to form organic compounds that make up plant structures and processes.

1. Topic:Macronutrients and plants

2. What is a nutrient?
 A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive,
grow, and reproduce.
 Macronutrients:
A chemical element or substance (such as
potassium or protein) that is essential in relatively large amounts
to the growth and health of a living organism

3. Macronutrients
In plants following macronutrients are found
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Calcium (Ca)
 Sulphur (S)

4. Micronutrients
 Magnesium (Mg)
 Carbon (C)
 Oxygen(O)
 Hydrogen (H)

5. Source of macronutrients
 Soil is a major source of macronutrients and as well as for
micronutrients

6. Nitrogen (N)
 Important for production of proteins
 Essential element of all the amino acids
 Important in the growth and development of vital plant
tissues
 Form cell membranes and chlorophyll

7. Deficiency of Nitrogen
 The visual symptoms of nitrogen deficiency mean that it can
be relatively easy to detect in some plant species
 Symptoms include poor plant growth
 Leaves that are pale green or yellow- unable to make
sufficient chlorophyll
 Leaves in this state are said to be chlorotic

9. Phosphorus (P)
 Plants must have phosphorus for normal growth and
maturity
 Phosphorus plays a role in photosynthesis
 Respiration
 Energy storage and transfer
 Cell division, cell enlargement

10. Deficiency of Phosphorus
 Deficiency symptoms of phosphorus are
 Stunting of the plant during early growth
 Abnormal discoloration when phosphorus is deficient

11. Potassium (K)
 Potassium regulates the opening and closing of stomata
 Therefore regulates CO2 uptake
 Potassium triggers activation of enzymes-essential for
production of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

12. Deficiency of Potassium
 Typical symptoms of potassium deficiency in plants include
brown scorching and curling of leaf tips
 Chlorosis (yellowing) between leaf veins
 Purple spots may also appear on the leaf undersides
 Plant growth, root development, and seed and fruit
development reduced

14. Calcium(Ca)
 In the form of calcium pectate-holding together the cell walls
of plants
 Participates in metabolic processes of other nutrients uptake
 Promotes proper plant cell elongation

15. Deficiency of Calcium
 Localized tissue necrosis leading to stunted plant growth
 Necrotic leaf margins on young leaves or curling of the leaves
 Eventual death of terminal buds and root tips
 New growth and rapidly growing tissues of the plant are
affected first

16. Sulphur (S)
 Sulphur is considered as an essential mineral
 Helps form important enzymes
 Assists in the formation of plant proteins

17. Deficiency of Sulphur
 Yellowing or pale green colouring throughout the plant
 Younger leaves suffer from chlorosis
 Leaf tips becoming necrotic
 Overall plant development and growth stunted

19. Magnesium (Mg)
 Magnesium is an essential plant nutrient
 It has a wide range of key roles in many plant functions
 One of the magnesium's well-known role is in the
photosynthesis process
 Building block of the Chlorophyll

20. Carbon (C),Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen(O)
 They are absorbed in the form of carbon dioxide and water
from air and soil
 These three elements enter the composition of all types of
organic compounds like carbohydrates, organic acids, fats,
proteins, enzymes, hormones etc.
 which build up the protoplasm
 Deficiency of carbon dioxide or water causes retardation of
growth