Micronutrients...Importance for plant nutritionUTTAM KUMAR
micro nutrition an important tool for increasing crop yield particularly area were it is more deficient such as alkali soils and some acidic soil ( eg Mo, B )...
Micronutrients...Importance for plant nutritionUTTAM KUMAR
micro nutrition an important tool for increasing crop yield particularly area were it is more deficient such as alkali soils and some acidic soil ( eg Mo, B )...
Plants Nutrients and Deficiency, Toxicity Symptoms mnikzaad
In Plant Physiology one of the topic is "Plant Nutrients". These slide show will help you; Classification of Nutrients, Deficiency Symptoms and Toxicity Symptoms. All Pictures are collected from the Internet. This Presentation Totally Handled by One group of Students who are studying B.Sc in Agriculture Resource Management and Technology.
In this presentation a complete description of macronutrients can be described. Their physiological role in plants. excess use of macronutrient result. and the deficiency in plants result described.
Allelopathy is the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Determination of soil available nitrogen by Alkaline
permanganate method (Subbiah and Asija, 1956).
Nitrogen is necessary for all forms of life. It is most important
essential plant nutrient for crop production as it is constituted the building blocks of almost all the plant structures.
A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
Mineral nutrients: essential, non-essential elements, criteria of essentiality, macro and micro elements and their list, function and deficiency symptoms of macro and micro elements, beneficial elements and their function
Plants Nutrients and Deficiency, Toxicity Symptoms mnikzaad
In Plant Physiology one of the topic is "Plant Nutrients". These slide show will help you; Classification of Nutrients, Deficiency Symptoms and Toxicity Symptoms. All Pictures are collected from the Internet. This Presentation Totally Handled by One group of Students who are studying B.Sc in Agriculture Resource Management and Technology.
In this presentation a complete description of macronutrients can be described. Their physiological role in plants. excess use of macronutrient result. and the deficiency in plants result described.
Allelopathy is the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Determination of soil available nitrogen by Alkaline
permanganate method (Subbiah and Asija, 1956).
Nitrogen is necessary for all forms of life. It is most important
essential plant nutrient for crop production as it is constituted the building blocks of almost all the plant structures.
A brief study on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM). This presentation has created by me after studying many articles and research papers regarding INM. Suggestions are kindly invited.
Mineral nutrients: essential, non-essential elements, criteria of essentiality, macro and micro elements and their list, function and deficiency symptoms of macro and micro elements, beneficial elements and their function
There are 7 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients [boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl)] NIckel (Ni
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS/NUTRIENTS - FUNCTIONS AND DEFICIENCIESVanangamudiK1
Classification of essential nutrients
Essential nutrients and their principal forms for uptake
Functions of essential nutrients in plants
Deficiency symptoms of nutrients
In most natural soils, the availability of mineral nutrients limits plant growth and primary productivity.
Nutrient limitation is an important selective pressure and plants face many special changes related to the need to acquire and use mineral nutrients efficiently.
“Plant nutrition” specifically does not refer to photosynthesis.
ROLE OF MICRO NUTRIENTS IN FIELD CROPS.pptxVikramPaul15
Micronutrients are abundantly present in the soil but plants usually acquire them in relatively trace amounts; hence, regarded as tracer element. B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo and Ni are such micronutrients required in minute amounts by plants but inexorably play an eminent role in plant growth and development. Plant metabolism, nutrient regulation, reproductive growth, chlorophyll synthesis, production of carbohydrates, fruit and seed development, etc., are such effective functions performed by micronutrients. These tracer elements when present at adequate level, elevate the healthy growth in plant physiological, biochemical and metabolic characteristics while their deficiency promotes abnormal growth in plants. Prevalence of micronutrient deficiency has become more common in recent years and the rate of their reduction has further been increased by the perpetual demands of modern crop cultivars. Micronutrients in crop production are important and they deserve equal attention similar to that of macronutrients.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
Essential plant nutrients,ppt
1. B H O L E S H A N K A R P A I K A R A
M . S C . ( A G . )
P R E V I O U S Y E A R
D E P A R T M E N T O F S O I L S C I E N C E A N D
A G R I C U L T U R E C H E M I S T R Y
I N D I R A G A N D H I K R I S H I V I S W A V I D Y A L A Y A ,
R A I P U R
C O L L E G E O F A G R I C U L T U R E
ESSENTIAL PLANT NUTRIENTS,
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
2. P L A N T N U T R I T I O N I S D E F I N D S A S T H E
S U P P L Y A N D A B S O R P T I O N O F C H E M I C A L
C O M P O U N D S R E Q U I R E D F O R P L A N T
G R O W T H A N D M E T A B O L I S M . I T I S T H E
P R O C E S S O F A B S O R P T I O N A N D U T I L I Z A T I O N
O F E S S E N T I A L E L E M E N T S F O R P L A N T
G R O W T H A N D R E P R O D U C T I O N .
PLANT NUTRIENTS
3. Essential plant nutrients
The essential nutrient elements required by higher
plants are exclusively of inorganic nature. This
exclusive requirement of higher plants for inorganic
nutrients basically distinguishes these organisms
from man, animals and a. number of
microorganisms which additionally need organic
foodstuffs. For an element to be considered an
essential plant nutrient.
4. Three criteria as proposed by Arnon and Stout (1939)
must be Satisfied. These are :
A deficiency of the element makes it
impossible for the plant to complete its life
cycle.
The deficiency is specific for the element in
question.
The element is directly involved in the
nutrition of the plant as for example as a
constituent of an essential metabolite or
required for the action of an enzyme system.
5. Several terms namely, deficient, insufficient,
toxic and excessive
Deficient. When an essential element is at a low concentration that severely
limits yield and produces more or less distinct deticiency symptoms. Extreme
deficiencies will lead to death of the plant.
Insufficient. When the level of an essential plant nutrient is below that required
for optimum yield or when there is an imbalance with another nutrient
Symptoms of this condition are rarely observed.
Toxic. When the concentration of either essential of other elements is
sufficiently high to inhibit plant growth to a great extent. Severe toxicity will
result in death of plants.
Excessive. When the concentration of an essential plant nutrient is sufficiently
high to result in a corresponding shortage of another nutrient.
6. TYPES OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
* Essentials - C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe,
Mn,
Mo, Cu,Cl , B, Zn, Ni = 17
* Nickel (Ni) is the latest (1987) addition to the list of essential nutrients .
Primary - - N,P&K=3
Secoundry - Ca, Mg & S=3
Macro - N,P,K, Ca, Mg & S= 6
Micro - Fe, Mn ,Mo ,Cu ,Cl ,Co,B,Zn=8
Functional - Essential Elements + Co,V ,Si
,Na
Beneficial - Ru, Sr ,Ni,Cr, As
Energy Exchange - H, O
Energy Storage - C, N, P, S
Translocation regulator - Ca, Mg, K, Na
Oxidation reduction - Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Co
7. Differents elements according to mobile and
immobile
Mobile Immobile
Nitrogen Calcium
Potassium Sulphur
Magnesium Iron
Phosphorus Boron
Chlorine Cupper
Sodium
Zinc
Molybdenum
8. FUNCTION OF ESSENTIAL PLANT
NUTRIENTS
Nutrients Functions
Carbon Basic molecular components of carbohydrates,proteins,lipids and nuclic acid.
Oxygen Oxygen is some what like carbon in that it occures in virtuailly all organic compounds of living organisms.
Hydrogen
Hydrogen plays a central role in plant metabolism. Important in ionic balance and as main reducing agent
and plays a key role in energy relations of cells.
Nitrogen Nitrogen is a components of many important organic compounds ranging from protein to nuclic acid.
Phosphorus Central role in plants is in energy transfer and protein metabolism.
Potassium
Helps in osmotic and ionic regulation. Potassium functions as a cofacter or activator for many enzymes of
carbohydrates and protein metabolisms.
Calcium Calium is involved in cell division and plays a major role in tne mantanance of mambrane intigrity.
Magnesium Component of chlorophyll and a cofactor of many enzymatic reaction.
Sulphur Sulphur is somewhat like phosphorus in that is involved in plant cell inergetic.
Iron
The latter are involved in key metabolic functions such as Nitrogen fixation , photosynthesis and electron
transfer.
Zinc
Essential components of several dyhydrogenase ,and peptidase, including carbonic anhydrase , alcohal
dehydrogenase , glutamic dehydrogenase and mallic dehydrogenase, among others.
Maganease
Involved in the oxygen evolving system of photosynthesis and is components of enzymes arginase and
phosphotransferase.
Copper
Consituents of a number of a important enzymes including cytochrom oxidize, ascorbic acid oxidize, and
laccase.
Boron Involved in carbohydarate metabollism and synthesis of cell wall components.
Molybdanum
Required for the normal assimillation of nitrogen in plants . An essential components of nitrate reductase as
well as nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation enzyme).
Chlorine
Essential for photosynthesis and as an activator of enzymes involved in spiliting water. It is also function in
osmo- regulation of plants growing on saline soils.
Nikil increasing viability and germination percentage of barlay.
9. Function of Nitrogen
1) Increasing growth and development of all
living tissue.
2) Increasing germination of crops.
3) Improve the quality.
4) It increase utilization of P and K.
10. Function of Phosphorus
1) It promote to root formation and growth.
2) Improve the quality of fruits .
3) Rhizobia by increasing nodulation .
4) Seed formation and early maturity.
11. Function of Potassium
1) It increasing in resistant in plants against
moisture stress,heat , frost and disease.
2) Improve the crop quality.
3) Lodding resistant in cereals.
4) Wilt resistant in cotton and mosaic virus resistant
in cotton.
12. Function of Calcium
1) Increasing symbiotic fixation of atmospheric
nitrogen.
2) It increasing availability of molybdenum.
Function of Magnesium
1) It is constitute of chlorophyll
2) Help in the photosynthesis of the
plants.
13. 1) Synthesis of glucosides in mustard oils.
2) Promote to nodule formation.
Function of Sulphur
1) A key role in nitrogen fixation.
2)Help in the photosynthesis.
3)Formation of chlorophyll.
Function of Iron
14. Function of Mangnease
1) Chlorophyll synthesis.
2) Development of chloroplast.
3) Increase availability of P and Ca in plants.
Function of Cooper
1) Chlorophyll formation
2) Electron transport from chlorophyll.
15. Function of Zinc
1) Role in photosynthesis.
2) It regulating of auxin concentration.
3) Flower setting and proper development of fruits.
Function of Molybdenum
1) Synthesis of protein in the plants.
2) Help in nitrogen fixation by rhizobia.
3) Increasing in availability of P and S in soil.
16. Function of Boron
1) Proper development of tissue.
2) Help in maturity .
3) Formation of cell wall.
17. ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS FOR PLANT GROWTH AND THEIR
PRINCIPLE FORMS FOR UPTAKE
NUTRIENTS CHEMICAL SYMBOLS UPTAKE FORMS
•Carbon C CO2
•Hydrogen H H2O,H+
•Oxygen O H2O,O-2
•Nitrogen N NH4
+ ,NO3
-
•Phosphorus P H2PO4
-,HPO4
-2,PO4
-3
•Potassium K K+
•Calcium Ca Ca2+
•Magnesium Mg Mg2+
•Sulpher S SO4
2- , SO2
•Iron Fe Fe2+ , Fe3+
•Magnease Mn Mn2+
•Boron B H2BO3
- ,B4O7
2- ,BO3-
3
•Zinc Zn Zn2+
•Copper Cu Cu2+
•Molybdenum Mo MoO4
2-
•Chlorine Cl Cl-
•Nickel Ni Ni2+
19. Deficiency symptoms of nutrients
NITROGEN
N deficiency are general
chlorosis of lower leaves
(light green to yellow),
and necrosis of older
leaves
yellow discoloration from
the leaf tip backward in
the form of a “V” is common
20. Phosphorus (P)
turn dark green (both leaves
and stems) and appear stunted .
Older leaves are affected first and
may acquire a purplish
discoloration due to the
accumulation of sugars in P
deficient plants which favor
anthocyanin synthesis
P deficiency in cornLeaves
21. Potassium (K)
reduction in growth rate,
with chlorosis and necrosis
occurring in later stages
K deficiency
Older leaves are
22.
23. Calcium (Ca)
Deficiency Terminal bud
leaf becomes chlorotic white
with base remains green.
.Death of terminal
buds. Deficiency causes
’Blossom end rot’ in Tomato
and Ber and ’Tip hooking
in Cauliflower’
24. Magnesium (Mg)
Deficiency Older leaves will
be yellow between veins
and veins remain green
(Interveinal chlorosis).
Also affects chlorophyll
formation.
25. Sulfur (S)
Deficiency Yellowing of
leave, leaves are paler
than interveinal portion.
Occurrence of ’Downward
cupping of leaves in
Tobacco and Tea.
S deficient wheat plant (left) has light green
leaves and stunted growth as compared to normal
wheat plant (right).
26. Boron
Deficiency Yellowing/ chlorosis
starts from base of terminal bud
leaf and extends to tip results in
appearance of ’Whip like structure’
and become brownish/ blackish brown
Deficiency causes fruit cracking
In litchi’, ’Hen and Chicken
disorder in
Grape’ and ’Heart rot in
Sugarbeet’.
27.
28. Chlorine (Cl)
Deficiency Younger leaves
will be chlorotic and plants
Will easily wilt. For wheat,
a plant disease will infest
the plant when Cl is deficient.
29. Copper (Cu)
Deficiency Leaves including
veins become yellow and
tending towards whiteness.
Occurrence of ’Marginal
leaf burning’. Deficiency Cu deficiency in wheatmelanosis disease in
wheat
Causes ’Dia back and
Little leafdisease in Citrus
30. Iron (Fe)
Deficiency Veins remain
conspicuously green and
other leaf portion turn
yellow and tending towards
whiteness. Interveinal
chlorosis will occur.
Deficiency causes ’Leaf
bleaching in sugarcane and
’Ivory white of paddy’
Iron deficient soybean
31. Manganese (Mn)
Deficiency Interveinal yellowing
of young leaves but not
tending towards whiteness.
Veins remain green. Deficiency
causes ’Marsh disease in Pea’.
34. Zinc (Zn)
Deficiency Upper leaves
will show chlorosis on
midrib. Veins green and
dead spots occur in all
parts of leaf (veins, tips
and margins). Plants appear
bushy due to reduced
internodal elongation.
’White bud of Maize’.is
caused by the deficiency.
