ANALYTICAL STUDY OF EXHAUST POLLUTANTS, FUEL CONSUMPTION AND AVAILABLE FUEL CONSUMPTION REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR PETROL AND DIESEL VEHICLES – A REVIEW
The effects of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption on petrol and diesel vehicles during stop/restart condition, idling condition, small roundabout, different road conditions and traffic signals are reviewed. The vehicle idling conditions and different accessories effect such as electrical light effects, air conditioning, heater, music system, and refrigerator etc. have major impact on the fuel consumption and emission pollutants. The effects of idling on consumption of fuel and exhaust
pollutants of diesel vehicles and heavy duty trucks are studied and exhaust emissions are 16500 gm per hour, 86.4 gm per hour, 5130 gm per hour, 4 gm per hour and 375 gm per hour for carbon dioxide (CO2), unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) respectively.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses smog and air pollution in Delhi, India. It provides background on smog, noting that it is a mixture of smoke and fog composed of pollutants from coal emissions, vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, and more. It then outlines some health effects of smog like irritation of the eyes and respiratory system, worsening of asthma symptoms, and lung damage. Charts and data show the main sources of particulate matter pollution in Delhi and dangerously high levels of various pollutants beyond permissible limits. The document concludes with information on air quality indices and images related to the smog conditions in Delhi.
This document discusses various topics related to environmental pollution and management. It defines pollution and describes the main types as air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It then focuses on air pollution, defining it and discussing the greenhouse effect and key greenhouse gases. It provides data on cumulative emissions by country from 1950-2003. It also summarizes various global conventions around air and atmosphere pollution abatement from the early 1970s through agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and goals for conferences like Copenhagen.
Effects Of Engine Emission On Environment | Selection Of The Lubrication Syst...Md Rakibul Hassan
The document discusses the effects of vehicle emissions on the environment and ways to reduce them. It provides details on the types of pollutants emitted from engines, such as hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. It explains that these emissions can harm human health and contribute to issues like photochemical smog, acid rain, and global warming. The document also discusses the health and environmental impacts of diesel emissions specifically. It concludes by outlining strategies that governments have taken to regulate air quality and control climate-forcing agents from combustion sources.
The document summarizes air pollution issues in Delhi and Sikkim. In Delhi, the main sources of air pollution are vehicle exhaust, power plants, brick kilns, dust from vehicle movement, and construction. The government of Delhi has installed anti-smog guns at construction sites and banned waste burning and increased tree planting to reduce pollution. In Sikkim, 590,936 people breathe toxic air according to WHO guidelines. East Sikkim has the worst air quality with PM2.5 levels of 20.2 μg/m3. The Sikkim government has banned styrofoam products, burning tires and waste, and packaged water bottles to reduce pollution.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Emission & Air Pollution | Study On Emission | Study On Air PollutionMd Rakibul Hassan
The document discusses emissions and air pollution from internal combustion engines. It describes how engine combustion produces emissions that contribute to problems like global warming, acid rain, and health issues. The major emissions are hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur, and particulate matter. It outlines various strategies to reduce emissions, including secondary catalytic reactions in the exhaust, adding thermal converters to increase reaction temperatures, and using catalytic converters containing precious metals to reduce the temperature needed for oxidation reactions to occur.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses smog and air pollution in Delhi, India. It provides background on smog, noting that it is a mixture of smoke and fog composed of pollutants from coal emissions, vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, and more. It then outlines some health effects of smog like irritation of the eyes and respiratory system, worsening of asthma symptoms, and lung damage. Charts and data show the main sources of particulate matter pollution in Delhi and dangerously high levels of various pollutants beyond permissible limits. The document concludes with information on air quality indices and images related to the smog conditions in Delhi.
This document discusses various topics related to environmental pollution and management. It defines pollution and describes the main types as air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It then focuses on air pollution, defining it and discussing the greenhouse effect and key greenhouse gases. It provides data on cumulative emissions by country from 1950-2003. It also summarizes various global conventions around air and atmosphere pollution abatement from the early 1970s through agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and goals for conferences like Copenhagen.
Effects Of Engine Emission On Environment | Selection Of The Lubrication Syst...Md Rakibul Hassan
The document discusses the effects of vehicle emissions on the environment and ways to reduce them. It provides details on the types of pollutants emitted from engines, such as hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. It explains that these emissions can harm human health and contribute to issues like photochemical smog, acid rain, and global warming. The document also discusses the health and environmental impacts of diesel emissions specifically. It concludes by outlining strategies that governments have taken to regulate air quality and control climate-forcing agents from combustion sources.
The document summarizes air pollution issues in Delhi and Sikkim. In Delhi, the main sources of air pollution are vehicle exhaust, power plants, brick kilns, dust from vehicle movement, and construction. The government of Delhi has installed anti-smog guns at construction sites and banned waste burning and increased tree planting to reduce pollution. In Sikkim, 590,936 people breathe toxic air according to WHO guidelines. East Sikkim has the worst air quality with PM2.5 levels of 20.2 μg/m3. The Sikkim government has banned styrofoam products, burning tires and waste, and packaged water bottles to reduce pollution.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Emission & Air Pollution | Study On Emission | Study On Air PollutionMd Rakibul Hassan
The document discusses emissions and air pollution from internal combustion engines. It describes how engine combustion produces emissions that contribute to problems like global warming, acid rain, and health issues. The major emissions are hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur, and particulate matter. It outlines various strategies to reduce emissions, including secondary catalytic reactions in the exhaust, adding thermal converters to increase reaction temperatures, and using catalytic converters containing precious metals to reduce the temperature needed for oxidation reactions to occur.
1. The oil and gas industry is a major source of air pollution such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), methane, and hazardous air pollutants like benzene. Emissions come from extraction, processing, transportation, and equipment leaks.
2. Key sources of emissions include venting and leaks from pipelines, tanks, valves, and pneumatic devices. Intentional venting also occurs during equipment maintenance and liquid removal. These emissions include methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as well as VOCs and toxins.
3. The EPA estimates the oil and gas industry accounts for 30% of US methane emissions and has proposed rules to cut methane by 40-45% by 2025 through requirements on new wells
vehicular emission its effects and remediesAsif Ali Khan
This document summarizes a student paper on vehicular emissions in Delhi, India. It finds that 70% of air pollution in Delhi is caused by vehicles, with emissions of CO, NOx, and PM from vehicles estimated at 509, 194, and 15 tons/day respectively. It outlines the negative health effects of vehicular emissions on humans like respiratory issues and cancer as well as environmental effects like damage to plants. Possible remedies discussed include promoting carpooling, providing corporate shuttle buses, switching to zero-emission vehicles, and implementing stricter emission standards.
The document discusses air pollution in Delhi, India. It notes that Delhi has extremely high levels of particulate matter pollution, reaching 8 times the safe limit on some days. This leads to severe health effects like life-long bronchitis in infants. The main causes of Delhi's pollution are vehicle emissions, especially from diesel vehicles, agricultural burning of crop residues in neighboring states, and industrial emissions. Two-wheelers make up the majority of vehicles but cars are the largest single source of particulate pollution. Temporary measures are taken during spikes in pollution but long-term solutions are still needed.
Diesel exhaust is a major source of particulate air pollution that poses health risks. It consists mostly of soot, heavy hydrocarbons, and sulfates. While engine modifications have reduced emissions, additional control technologies are needed. Diesel particulate filters can trap over 90% of particles but require regeneration. Regeneration can be passive using catalyst coatings to lower the ignition temperature, or active through external heating. Catalytic fuel additives also help control particulate by promoting soot oxidation.
This document discusses vehicle emissions and methods for controlling them. It begins by describing the main pollutants from vehicle emissions like hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. It then discusses emission standards in countries like India and the US. The rest of the document details how catalytic converters work to reduce emissions by converting pollutants into less harmful substances through catalyzed chemical reactions. It also discusses emissions of greenhouse gases and technologies being developed to meet emission standards.
IRJET- Value Analysis to Reduce Noise and Control Internal CombustionIRJET Journal
This document discusses methods to reduce emissions and noise pollution from internal combustion engines. It describes how uncontrolled emissions from engines can include unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. It then outlines various emission control technologies like catalytic converters and selective catalytic reduction that can convert pollutants into less harmful gases. The document also discusses noise pollution from engines and methods to control it, such as using a DB killer muffler to muffle exhaust sound levels.
- There are 1.3 vehicles per person in the US, compared to 6.75 people per vehicle in China. More fuel-efficient vehicles emit fewer emissions, slowing the pace of global warming. Some cars use electric or solar power instead of gasoline.
- Carpooling, public transportation, biking, and walking produce less pollution than individual driving. Taking these alternative transportation options can save money and time while helping the environment.
The document summarizes how members of the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM) have significantly reduced air pollutant emissions while increasing production output. It states that emissions of hazardous air pollutants decreased by 64% from 1990 to 2010, and emissions of criteria air pollutants declined by 80% over the same period. The fuel and petrochemical industry has invested hundreds of billions of dollars to comply with environmental regulations and reduce emissions.
The document is a seminar report submitted for a master's degree in mechanical engineering. It discusses air pollution from internal combustion engines and methods to control emissions. It covers topics like types of pollutants from gasoline and diesel engines, their harmful effects, measurement techniques, and solutions like improving engine design, using cleaner fuels, and installing post-combustion control devices.
Ireland's air quality is generally good compared to other European countries, however some pollutants exceed guidelines. Particulate matter levels are a concern, especially in areas that still use bituminous coal. A ban on bituminous coal in cities and towns has significantly reduced particulate levels in those areas. Ozone concentrations are highest in warm, sunny weather. While strategies have reduced some emissions, nitrogen oxide levels remain high due to increased road traffic. Overall air quality is expected to remain good if emissions from traffic and solid fuel burning can be further reduced.
The document discusses emission standards and regulations in India and Europe. It provides information on:
- The parameters that determine emissions from vehicles, including vehicular technology, fuel quality, inspection/maintenance, and road/traffic management.
- The timeline and progression of emission standards in India (Bharat Stage norms) and Europe (Euro standards).
- Key aspects of emission standards including the types of pollutants regulated, quantitative limits, and test cycles used to measure vehicle exhaust.
- Other emission-related policies and frameworks mentioned include carbon pricing, power plant regulations, and sustainability goals under the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Global Emissions Systems Inc., is a privately held company located in Whitby Ontario that specializes in the design, engineering and manufacture of advanced emission control technologies. Our technology reduces up to 99% of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons, (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for any commercial fuel burning engine including gasoline, propane, natural gas, diesel and bio-diesel. Please see www.gesi.us for more information.
This document examines municipal fuel purchasing policies that can reduce air emissions. It summarizes three case studies of municipalities in Ontario that have implemented policies to purchase fuels with lower sulphur levels, such as on-road diesel for off-road fleets. These policies have reduced sulphur dioxide emissions and allowed for more effective emission control devices. The document also discusses options for lowering emissions from gasoline, off-road diesel, and on-road diesel vehicles through measures like ultra-low sulphur diesel, biodiesel, and catalytic exhaust mufflers. It concludes by recommending that municipalities amend fuel purchasing practices and examine emission reduction options for transit fleets.
Experimental investigation of the performance of vcr diesel engine fuelled by...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increasing demand of fuel in everyday life and its hazards cause serious problem for this planet. Serious attention is required to see this problem. In this paper there is a research to find out the alternative for diesel fuel and efforts to increase its performance. N-butanol is blended with diesel in different volume (B5 - 5% n-butanol and 95% diesel, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B30) and its effects on various performance parameters are studied. Increasing Butanol concentration in fuel increases BSFC of the engine. Increasing butanol ratio reduces the BTE of the engine from 24% to 22% at maximum load. Exhaust gas temperature reduces with increasing butanol. Mechanical efficiency also increases with addition of n-butanol.
Keywords: N-butanol, BSFC, BTE
IRJET- Design and Development of Fuel Tank Caps According to Emission Sta...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of fuel tank caps according to emission standards set by regulatory authorities. It outlines how emission regulations for pollution control have led to changes in fuel tank cap design and implementation over the years. The standards and norms governed by different countries are also discussed. The key points are:
1) Emission standards like Euro norms, Bharat Stage standards, and EPA regulations have mandated reductions in evaporative emissions from fuel tanks.
2) Evaporative losses from fuel tanks occur during refueling and from vaporization of gasoline inside heated tanks. Fuel tank caps now incorporate pressure valves to control vapor release rates.
3) Standards require caps only allow 1.5 gm of hydro
Emission control technologies for automobilesShiril Saju
- The document discusses various emission control technologies used in automobiles to reduce air pollutants from vehicle exhaust. It outlines technologies like electronic fuel injection systems, multi-point fuel injection, direct injection systems, and catalytic converters.
- Key pollutants of concern from vehicles include hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides. Emission standards called Bharat Stage standards are instituted in India based on European EURO standards to regulate these pollutants.
- The technologies discussed aim to more efficiently and completely combust fuel to reduce emissions through things like precise fuel metering and computerized engine management. Catalytic converters also help to break down remaining pollutants in
The document discusses the major sources and effects of air pollution from vehicle emissions in India. It states that vehicle emissions are one of the primary contributors to air pollution in major cities. The regulated emissions from vehicles include hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and soot. When inhaled, these emissions can cause respiratory issues and other health effects. The emissions also contribute to the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain, which negatively impact the environment.
This document discusses air pollution caused by automobiles. It notes that automobile emissions are composed of particulate matter, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants. These emissions can have negative health effects and contribute to issues like smog and global warming. The document also outlines different emission standards that have been implemented in countries like India to help control pollution from vehicles. It provides tables listing emission limits for different vehicle types and engine standards over time. Finally, it discusses some control measures that can help reduce automobile pollution, such as using less polluting fuels and improving engine and vehicle technologies.
The document discusses initiatives taken around the world and in India to control vehicular emissions. It notes that rapid development has increased transportation needs, releasing harmful gases from vehicles. Major pollutants discussed are particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, lead, hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide. Health impacts highlighted include respiratory illness and premature death. Conventional control methods discussed include alternative fuels like CNG and maintaining vehicles. Initiatives in countries like the US focus on reducing driving, advanced pollution control technology, and developing zero-emission vehicles like electric or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
1. The oil and gas industry is a major source of air pollution such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), methane, and hazardous air pollutants like benzene. Emissions come from extraction, processing, transportation, and equipment leaks.
2. Key sources of emissions include venting and leaks from pipelines, tanks, valves, and pneumatic devices. Intentional venting also occurs during equipment maintenance and liquid removal. These emissions include methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as well as VOCs and toxins.
3. The EPA estimates the oil and gas industry accounts for 30% of US methane emissions and has proposed rules to cut methane by 40-45% by 2025 through requirements on new wells
vehicular emission its effects and remediesAsif Ali Khan
This document summarizes a student paper on vehicular emissions in Delhi, India. It finds that 70% of air pollution in Delhi is caused by vehicles, with emissions of CO, NOx, and PM from vehicles estimated at 509, 194, and 15 tons/day respectively. It outlines the negative health effects of vehicular emissions on humans like respiratory issues and cancer as well as environmental effects like damage to plants. Possible remedies discussed include promoting carpooling, providing corporate shuttle buses, switching to zero-emission vehicles, and implementing stricter emission standards.
The document discusses air pollution in Delhi, India. It notes that Delhi has extremely high levels of particulate matter pollution, reaching 8 times the safe limit on some days. This leads to severe health effects like life-long bronchitis in infants. The main causes of Delhi's pollution are vehicle emissions, especially from diesel vehicles, agricultural burning of crop residues in neighboring states, and industrial emissions. Two-wheelers make up the majority of vehicles but cars are the largest single source of particulate pollution. Temporary measures are taken during spikes in pollution but long-term solutions are still needed.
Diesel exhaust is a major source of particulate air pollution that poses health risks. It consists mostly of soot, heavy hydrocarbons, and sulfates. While engine modifications have reduced emissions, additional control technologies are needed. Diesel particulate filters can trap over 90% of particles but require regeneration. Regeneration can be passive using catalyst coatings to lower the ignition temperature, or active through external heating. Catalytic fuel additives also help control particulate by promoting soot oxidation.
This document discusses vehicle emissions and methods for controlling them. It begins by describing the main pollutants from vehicle emissions like hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. It then discusses emission standards in countries like India and the US. The rest of the document details how catalytic converters work to reduce emissions by converting pollutants into less harmful substances through catalyzed chemical reactions. It also discusses emissions of greenhouse gases and technologies being developed to meet emission standards.
IRJET- Value Analysis to Reduce Noise and Control Internal CombustionIRJET Journal
This document discusses methods to reduce emissions and noise pollution from internal combustion engines. It describes how uncontrolled emissions from engines can include unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. It then outlines various emission control technologies like catalytic converters and selective catalytic reduction that can convert pollutants into less harmful gases. The document also discusses noise pollution from engines and methods to control it, such as using a DB killer muffler to muffle exhaust sound levels.
- There are 1.3 vehicles per person in the US, compared to 6.75 people per vehicle in China. More fuel-efficient vehicles emit fewer emissions, slowing the pace of global warming. Some cars use electric or solar power instead of gasoline.
- Carpooling, public transportation, biking, and walking produce less pollution than individual driving. Taking these alternative transportation options can save money and time while helping the environment.
The document summarizes how members of the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM) have significantly reduced air pollutant emissions while increasing production output. It states that emissions of hazardous air pollutants decreased by 64% from 1990 to 2010, and emissions of criteria air pollutants declined by 80% over the same period. The fuel and petrochemical industry has invested hundreds of billions of dollars to comply with environmental regulations and reduce emissions.
The document is a seminar report submitted for a master's degree in mechanical engineering. It discusses air pollution from internal combustion engines and methods to control emissions. It covers topics like types of pollutants from gasoline and diesel engines, their harmful effects, measurement techniques, and solutions like improving engine design, using cleaner fuels, and installing post-combustion control devices.
Ireland's air quality is generally good compared to other European countries, however some pollutants exceed guidelines. Particulate matter levels are a concern, especially in areas that still use bituminous coal. A ban on bituminous coal in cities and towns has significantly reduced particulate levels in those areas. Ozone concentrations are highest in warm, sunny weather. While strategies have reduced some emissions, nitrogen oxide levels remain high due to increased road traffic. Overall air quality is expected to remain good if emissions from traffic and solid fuel burning can be further reduced.
The document discusses emission standards and regulations in India and Europe. It provides information on:
- The parameters that determine emissions from vehicles, including vehicular technology, fuel quality, inspection/maintenance, and road/traffic management.
- The timeline and progression of emission standards in India (Bharat Stage norms) and Europe (Euro standards).
- Key aspects of emission standards including the types of pollutants regulated, quantitative limits, and test cycles used to measure vehicle exhaust.
- Other emission-related policies and frameworks mentioned include carbon pricing, power plant regulations, and sustainability goals under the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Global Emissions Systems Inc., is a privately held company located in Whitby Ontario that specializes in the design, engineering and manufacture of advanced emission control technologies. Our technology reduces up to 99% of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons, (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for any commercial fuel burning engine including gasoline, propane, natural gas, diesel and bio-diesel. Please see www.gesi.us for more information.
This document examines municipal fuel purchasing policies that can reduce air emissions. It summarizes three case studies of municipalities in Ontario that have implemented policies to purchase fuels with lower sulphur levels, such as on-road diesel for off-road fleets. These policies have reduced sulphur dioxide emissions and allowed for more effective emission control devices. The document also discusses options for lowering emissions from gasoline, off-road diesel, and on-road diesel vehicles through measures like ultra-low sulphur diesel, biodiesel, and catalytic exhaust mufflers. It concludes by recommending that municipalities amend fuel purchasing practices and examine emission reduction options for transit fleets.
Experimental investigation of the performance of vcr diesel engine fuelled by...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increasing demand of fuel in everyday life and its hazards cause serious problem for this planet. Serious attention is required to see this problem. In this paper there is a research to find out the alternative for diesel fuel and efforts to increase its performance. N-butanol is blended with diesel in different volume (B5 - 5% n-butanol and 95% diesel, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B30) and its effects on various performance parameters are studied. Increasing Butanol concentration in fuel increases BSFC of the engine. Increasing butanol ratio reduces the BTE of the engine from 24% to 22% at maximum load. Exhaust gas temperature reduces with increasing butanol. Mechanical efficiency also increases with addition of n-butanol.
Keywords: N-butanol, BSFC, BTE
IRJET- Design and Development of Fuel Tank Caps According to Emission Sta...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of fuel tank caps according to emission standards set by regulatory authorities. It outlines how emission regulations for pollution control have led to changes in fuel tank cap design and implementation over the years. The standards and norms governed by different countries are also discussed. The key points are:
1) Emission standards like Euro norms, Bharat Stage standards, and EPA regulations have mandated reductions in evaporative emissions from fuel tanks.
2) Evaporative losses from fuel tanks occur during refueling and from vaporization of gasoline inside heated tanks. Fuel tank caps now incorporate pressure valves to control vapor release rates.
3) Standards require caps only allow 1.5 gm of hydro
Emission control technologies for automobilesShiril Saju
- The document discusses various emission control technologies used in automobiles to reduce air pollutants from vehicle exhaust. It outlines technologies like electronic fuel injection systems, multi-point fuel injection, direct injection systems, and catalytic converters.
- Key pollutants of concern from vehicles include hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides. Emission standards called Bharat Stage standards are instituted in India based on European EURO standards to regulate these pollutants.
- The technologies discussed aim to more efficiently and completely combust fuel to reduce emissions through things like precise fuel metering and computerized engine management. Catalytic converters also help to break down remaining pollutants in
Similar to ANALYTICAL STUDY OF EXHAUST POLLUTANTS, FUEL CONSUMPTION AND AVAILABLE FUEL CONSUMPTION REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR PETROL AND DIESEL VEHICLES – A REVIEW
The document discusses the major sources and effects of air pollution from vehicle emissions in India. It states that vehicle emissions are one of the primary contributors to air pollution in major cities. The regulated emissions from vehicles include hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and soot. When inhaled, these emissions can cause respiratory issues and other health effects. The emissions also contribute to the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain, which negatively impact the environment.
This document discusses air pollution caused by automobiles. It notes that automobile emissions are composed of particulate matter, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants. These emissions can have negative health effects and contribute to issues like smog and global warming. The document also outlines different emission standards that have been implemented in countries like India to help control pollution from vehicles. It provides tables listing emission limits for different vehicle types and engine standards over time. Finally, it discusses some control measures that can help reduce automobile pollution, such as using less polluting fuels and improving engine and vehicle technologies.
The document discusses initiatives taken around the world and in India to control vehicular emissions. It notes that rapid development has increased transportation needs, releasing harmful gases from vehicles. Major pollutants discussed are particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, lead, hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide. Health impacts highlighted include respiratory illness and premature death. Conventional control methods discussed include alternative fuels like CNG and maintaining vehicles. Initiatives in countries like the US focus on reducing driving, advanced pollution control technology, and developing zero-emission vehicles like electric or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.
The document discusses automobile emissions and their effects on air pollution. It explains that while emissions from individual cars are low, the large number of vehicles on the road means they are a major source of air pollution in many cities. The main pollutants from car emissions are hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, which are byproducts of incomplete fuel combustion in engines. Over time, increasingly strict emissions regulations and new engine technologies have significantly reduced emissions per vehicle, but rising vehicle use has partially offset these reductions.
Effect of Adding Oxygen Containing Additives to Unleaded Gasoline on Exhaust ...ijiert bestjournal
As world population grew,power plants,factories a nd ever increasing automobiles began to pollute the air to the extent that it was no longer acceptable. During the late 1940s,air pollution as a problem was fir st recognized in the Los Angeles basin in California . Two causes of this were the large population densit y and the natural weather conditions of area. Smoke and other pollutants from many industries and automobiles combined with the fog that was common in this ocean area and smog resulted. By the 1960s emission standards were beginning to be enforced in Californ ia. Then various ways are investigated to reduce em issions from an IC engine. Oxygen containing additives are used to improve gasoline�s performance and reduce exhaust emissions is one of them. The main objectiv e of this work is to find can Dimethyl Carbonate is used to reduce emission? In view of the above,it is decide d to investigate the effect of adding Dimethyl Carb onate to unleaded gasoline on exhaust emission. The experime ntal setup to test blended fuel is prepared with mu lti cylinder four stroke spark ignition engine. The res ults indicate that CO and HC exhaust emissions are lower with the use of Dimethyl carbonate gasoline blended fuels as compared to the use of unleaded gasoline. The effect of above additive on NOx is insignificant.
This document discusses a survey conducted on the effects of vehicle emissions on human health in Chidambaram town, India. The survey investigated the impacts of emissions from vehicles on four major junctions in the town. Questionnaires found that most people reported health issues like sleeplessness, running nose, eye irritation, asthma, and headaches. Air samples taken at the junctions found high levels of pollutants like NOx, CO, SO2, and SPM, especially during afternoon high-traffic hours. Vehicle emissions were found to be a major contributor to air pollution in urban areas and impact public health. The study aims to assess the health effects of vehicle emissions in Chidambaram and make recommendations to reduce emissions.
Analysis of Emission from Petrol Vehicles in the Koforidua Municipality, GhanaIJERA Editor
Koforidua has seen its fair share in the increase in the number of cars on its roads over the past decade. This has resulted in progressive increase in traffic congestion on the roads and could lead to deterioration in the air quality. Exhaust gas emissions from a total of 104 vehicles were tested with an exhaust gas analyzer. Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) were measured and compared with EU standards for gasoline vehicles and Auto Data Technical information. A series of algorithms developed using Microsoft Excel Spread Sheet were used to analyze the data collected. Out of the total number of cars tested, 74 and 80 cars passed the HC and CO tests respectively. 10 cars out of the total were rated as good under CO2 test. In total, 69.5% of the cars tested passed the various tests conducted and about 73 cars representing 70.2% of the cars tested were over 10 years and the emission standards for those years were flexible.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Noise Damping, Exhaust Emissions and Control Technology for an Interna...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses various technologies used to reduce exhaust emissions and noise from internal combustion engines, including catalytic converters.
2. It describes emissions from gasoline and diesel engines like hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide and their health impacts.
3. Control technologies discussed include catalyst systems like nonselective catalytic reduction and selective catalytic reduction that use catalyst-coated substrates to convert pollutants into harmless gases through chemical reactions.
Vehicular pollution is a major contributor to air pollution problems in cities. Mobile sources like automobiles, trucks, buses and motorcycles emit various pollutants from their exhaust systems like hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. These emissions near ground level where people breathe contribute significantly to poor urban air quality and health issues. Growing vehicle ownership and a lack of effective public transportation systems have exacerbated the problems of traffic congestion and air pollution in Indian cities.
Carbon monoxide Content of Exhaust Emissions from Agricultural Tractor Engine...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aims at contributing to the information buildup required for advocating the need for urgent reduction of environmental pollution by exhaust emissions from fossil fuel powered Engines in Nigeria. It was, concluded from the results obtained from the study that carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of agricultural tractors are approximately forty nine(49) times higher than the recommended maximum level of 0.5 % vol CO (v/v) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). FIAT 70-666 contributed the largest content of 2.9 % vol of CO (v/v) while MASSEY FERGUSSON MF 375 contributed the least amount of 1.7 % vol of CO(v/v). Only the engine capacity had significant effect on the carbon monoxide content of the exhaust emissions of the agricultural tractors; the model/make selection did not significantly affect the CO content of their exhaust emissions.
Urbanization in developing countries has increased vehicle density and traffic congestion, leading to air pollution from vehicle emissions. Major pollutants from vehicles include hydrocarbons, sulfur, ozone, lead, and particulate matter, which have harmful health and environmental effects. As a result, vehicular pollution and urban air quality have become significant concerns needing regulations to reduce emissions.
Mobile sources of pollution such as cars, trucks, planes, and ships emit harmful gases when they burn fossil fuels. The key sources were identified as road vehicles like cars and motorbikes, and non-road sources like planes, ships, and trains. Regulations have targeted reducing emissions through more stringent fuel and vehicle standards, requiring devices like catalytic converters, and promoting alternatives to driving like biking and public transportation. While progress has been made in reducing various air pollutants, continued innovation and policy measures are still needed to control mobile source emissions.
IRJET- Air Pollution Detection using Modified Traingular Mutation based Parti...IRJET Journal
This document discusses air pollution detection using a modified particle swarm optimization technique. It begins with an abstract that outlines using machine learning tools and a novel particle swarm optimization model to predict benzene concentration in air. This is aimed to overcome gaps in previous literature and improve particle swarm optimization by adding a triangular mutation operator to enhance search capabilities and convergence speed. The document then provides background on sources of air pollution, major pollutants, health effects, and standards in India before reviewing related work applying statistical techniques to better understand multivariate air pollution extremes.
Mobile sources of pollution include various vehicles such as cars, motorbikes, lorries, planes, marine vessels, and trains that emit harmful gases while in operation. The document outlines five methods to control emissions from mobile sources: 1) identifying key pollution sources to focus control efforts, 2) regulating vehicle manufacturing standards, 3) regulating fuel quality standards, 4) supporting innovations like catalytic converters, and 5) reducing fuel use and promoting alternative transportation options.
Diesel exhaust particulate matter is a major health and environmental concern. It consists mostly of soot, heavy hydrocarbons, and inorganic compounds. Diesel particulate filters can effectively trap particulate matter, but require regeneration to remove trapped soot. Catalytic coatings and fuel additives can lower regeneration temperatures. Oxidation catalytic converters also reduce particulate matter by oxidizing hydrocarbons. Controlling diesel particulate emissions requires improved engine and exhaust treatment technologies along with cleaner fuels and maintenance practices.
Effect of fly ash as an additive on ci engine fuelled with water emulsified d...IJECSJournal
Diesel engines exhausting gaseous emission and particulate matter have long been regarded as one of the major air pollution sources, particularly in metropolitan areas, and have been a source of serious public concern for a long time. There has been numerous research in the field of reduction of these pollutants since diesel engines came to major use. Major emissions from a diesel engine are NOx, SOx, CO and particulate matter (PM).amongst these pollutants CO and Sox and some quantity of particulate matters are reduced by some after treatment devices. Also NOx emissions are reduced by selective catalytic reduction, exhaust gas recirculation. In this work, the experiment was carried out on twin cylinder diesel engine fuelled with water emulsified diesel and fly ash as an additive. The test is carried out at constant speed and varying the load condition and investigate the performance and emission characteristics of the engine. Brake specific fuel consumption is increased by 3.33% and 5.43%. and NOX emission is reduced by 11.87% and 15% respectively, when addition of 5% and 10% water in diesel. Also with the addition of 3% and 6% fly-ash in 5% and 10% water diesel emulsion. Brake specific fuel consumption is increased by 6.27%, 7.91%, 5.79% and 8.21%, also Co emission was increases by 22.33%, 12.5%, 36.36% and 22.22% respectively when results comparing with diesel. The Brake thermal efficiency was increased by 4.39% when addition of 10% water in diesel and also with addition of 3% and 6% fly-ash in 10% water diesel emulsion there is 3.97% and 1.11%. Brake thermal efficiency increases as compare to diesel.
Air Pollution Studies In Metromanila And Catalysis Technology Towards Clean A...Ashley Smith
This document summarizes studies on air pollution and vehicle emissions in Metropolitan Manila from 1991-1998. A key finding was that motor vehicles are the primary source of air pollution in urban areas like Metro Manila. Studies showed CO and hydrocarbon emissions increased with vehicle age and were higher for gasoline vehicles like cars and tricycles compared to diesel vehicles. The number of registered vehicles in Metro Manila increased significantly from 1990-1992. Recommendations included improving vehicle emission standards, promoting proper maintenance, and reducing traffic congestion to address air pollution problems in Metro Manila.
A major part of the air pollution caused is due to the vehicular emission which is increasing at an alarming rate. The different types of vehicles like car, bus, truck etc. contribute a way as well as play a dominant duty in increasing air pollution. These vehicles find its running source mainly form the extracts of fossil fuels like petrol, diesel. The fuels undergo combustion to generate energy so as to support the vehicle for duty. The incomplete combustion of the fuels in the engine paves a way for production of products like the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matters. A high emission level is therefore a proved result. For the purpose of forcing the fuel to have efficient combustion and for reduction of the emission levels for reducing air pollution a wide range of processes are applicable. These include improvising engine design, fuel pre-treatment etc. Among these wide ranges of options available catalytic converter is found to be a better way for establishing an efficient combustion in the controller engine of the vehicle. Usage of noble group metal is an effective way for effective combustion like the platinum group metal serves way good for reducing the exhausts. With the help of secondary measures efficiency of the engine is improved as well. The techniques are still under development as because there are some limitations of the catalytic converters which are needed to be dealt with but the application of this technique has better achievement points as well.
Similar to ANALYTICAL STUDY OF EXHAUST POLLUTANTS, FUEL CONSUMPTION AND AVAILABLE FUEL CONSUMPTION REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR PETROL AND DIESEL VEHICLES – A REVIEW (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF EXHAUST POLLUTANTS, FUEL CONSUMPTION AND AVAILABLE FUEL CONSUMPTION REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR PETROL AND DIESEL VEHICLES – A REVIEW