This document provides information on windows, including: - The differences between replacing windows and new construction windows in terms of installation and flashing. - Various methods for identifying window brands by looking at hardware, spacer bars, etching on glass, labels on frames, and measurements. - Common window materials like vinyl, wood, aluminum, fiberglass, and composite. - Identifying different window types such as double hung, casement, awning, slider, picture, and speciality windows. - Egress window requirements for emergency exits.

1. Windows and Doors
Training Class

2. Replacement New Construction
Depends on the Application

3. Installation Differences
Replacement Window New Construction
• Exterior cladding is not removed
• Flashing tape should be on
interior of sill and jambs
• Will need j-channel and/or
aluminum exterior trim
• Fastened with screws through
the jambs
• Exterior cladding must be
removed for nail fin fastening
• Flashing tape is installed on
exterior over the nail flanges
• May have j-channel built into the
window
• Fastened with nails through the
nail fins

4. How to Identify a Window Brand
... A Few Options

5. Name on Window
Hardware
• Many window manufactures have their
brand name on the locks, cranks or
other hardware
• Be aware: this could be the hardware
manufacturer's name and not the
window manufacturer's

6. Spacer Bar Between
Glass
• The spacer bar sits between the two
panes of glass
• Identification name or number will
sometimes be etched or printed on
the sides, top or bottom of spacer bar

7. Etched on the Corner
of the Glass
• The name and identification number
will sometimes be etched into the
glass, usually in the bottom right
corner
• This information can be used to get an
exact match on the original window (in
most cases)

8. On the Side of the
Sash or Frame
• Window I.D. # may be on the
side of the sash or on the frame
• Tilt down sash or open
casement window to find
• Some windows don't have I.D.
#'s

9. Measure Visible
Glass to Determine
Actual Size
• If you know the manufacturer name
and the style, the visible glass
dimensions can be used to order an
exact replacement
• You will need to have information on
all the other details of the window
(hardware color, frame color, etc.)

10. aamanet.org/
Use this website to enter window identification code to identify window
manufacturer

11. Replacing Pella Windows
• If you have a job with Pella
windows that need to be
replaced, call Rip Repotski at
Pella. Cell# (248)-210-9485
Email: repotskira@pella.com
• They will match stain, paint and
window make. They trim the
exterior and interior
• Will give you a retail and
SunGlo price

12. Window Material Options
Vinyl, Wood, Aluminum, Fiberglass and Composite

13. Vinyl Windows
• Vinyl is the most commonly used
material for windows and patio doors
• Offers good thermal performance and
requires little maintenance
• Cost effective and available in many
different colors and finishes
• Most incorporate multi-chambered
profiles for strength and insulation
• Corners are welded

14. Wood Frame Windows
• Offers good thermal performance
and natural beauty
• Offered in a wide variety of species
• Wood requires maintenance that
other materials may not (paint or
stain)
• Vinyl and Aluminum cladding offered
for the exterior to minimize
maintenance requirements

15. Aluminum Frame Windows
• Stronger than wood or vinyl
• Dominant choice in architectural and
demanding commercial applications
• Aluminum is a good thermal
conductor and is usually offered with
a structural insulation inside the
frame
• Beware of replacing with vinyl
because of structural strenth

16. Fiberglass Frame Windows
• Offers strength comparable to
aluminum and insulating properties
similar to wood and vinyl
• Offered in a variety of colors and
finishes. Can be painted
• Fiberglass framing cannot be bent,
these products are generally not
available in round-top, elliptical and
other specialty models
• Has mechanically fastened corners

17. Composite Windows
• Made from a combination of
synthetic and natural materials like
vinyl and wood, they are held
together with an epoxy resin
• Can be molded to any shape or size
• Maintains stability in high-heat
environments
• Not very common

18. Identifying Window Types

19. Picture Windows
• Fixed glass windows
• No operational components to these
• No screen

20. Double Hung Windows
• Most common style of window
available
• Consists of two window sashes (i.e.,
panes of glass), one on top, one on
bottom
• Top and bottom sashes are
removable for easy cleaning

21. Single Hung Windows
• Consists of two sashes, one on the
top that doesn't move and the bottom
one does move vertically
• The advantage of the fixed window is
that it limits air intrusion, since there
are fewer seams that need seals

22. Slider Windows
• A horizontal sliding window where
the sashes operate by sliding along a
track in the window frame
• Some sliders have a fixed sash and
some are bypass
• Note from outside which sash is
operational (right or left)

23. Awning Windows
• Awning windows open outward from
the bottom and are hinged towards
the top using a crank handle while
the operating mechanism keeps the
sash securely open
• They provide effective ventilation
without letting the elements into the
home

24. Casement Windows
• Casement windows are hinged at the
side
• The earliest form of movable
window, with hinges or pivots at the
upright side of the vertically hung
sash, so that it opens outward or
inward like a door
• Opens by use of a crank and locks
on the non-hinged side
• Usually taller than wide

25. Transom Windows
• A window that sits on top of a door or
another window
• Usually are fixed glass but can also
be awning or hopper style
• They are usually a separate unit from
the one it sits on

26. Bay Windows
• A series of windows projecting
outward from the wall
• Bay windows have no more than 3
sides with windows
• May require shingles or other roofing
materials (copper standing seam) on
the top
• Require at least 4 guys to install

27. Bow Windows
• A series of windows projecting
outward from the wall
• Bow windows have no less than 4
sides with windows
• May contain multiple types of
windows (double hung, casement
etc.)
• May require roofing on the top
• Will require at least 4 guys for install

28. Things to Remember with Bays and Bows
• The labor burden is high for these style of windows
• Exterior will require custom bent aluminum trim around perimeter and
possibly between each window
• May require shingled roof on top or standing seam metal roof
• May need supports underneath or decorative corbels
• The seat, head and jambs will require finishing
• Measuring for a bay or bow window can be complicated. Contact a window
professional for assistance

29. Garden Windows
• Garden windows project outward to
create a shelf or set of shelves
commonly used to house plants,
flowers and herbs
• 3 sides and roof are glass, the sides
are usually casements or single hung.
The front is usually fixed glass
• Traditional garden windows aare in the
shape of a lean-to
• One glass shelf is usually included,
additional shelves are an added cost

30. Mulled Windows
• A mulled window is a window unit
containing two or more single
windows joined together
• The mulling process can be done
at the factory or in the field
combining the separate windows
together. Factory mulling is
generally considered to be the
superior method, as the factory
uses experienced assemblers

31. Jalousie Windows
• Often seen in storm doors, enclosed
porches or breezeways.
• Became popular in the 50's when air
conditioning was not common
• A few companies still make these
such as Ply Gem and Tafco

32. Storm Windows
• New storm windows are rarely installed
on homes today
• Installing these over new windows will,
in most cases, void the manufacturers
warranty
• Heat will be trapped between the storm
and primary window causing, especially
vinyl, windows to warp
• When replacing primary windows, get
pricing on storms so upgrades can be
made to primary windows

33. Egress Windows
• Egress windows (or doors) are
required in every habitable
space, especially where people
sleep
• The reason for needing a
means of egress are twofold: to
allow for an exit in case of an
emergency, and to provide
access for a firefighter to gain
entrance.

34. Egress Requirements
• The bottom of the egress window opening can’t exceed 44” from the
finished floor
• The minimum opening area of the egress window is 5.7 square feet
• The minimum egress window opening height is 24” high and 20" wide
• The egress window must have a glass area of not less than 8% of the total
floor area of room(s) for which it is servicing (for light)
• The window must have a opening area of not less than 4% of the total floor
area of room(s) for which it is servicing (for ventilation)

35. Sound Abatement Windows
• Be aware that houses near an airport
will likely have sound abatement
windows (Romulus)
• These windows are more costly and
the homeowner will notice a
significant noise difference if
standard windows are installed
• Xactimate doesn't have a line item to
capture the cost of these

36. Custom Built Windows
• Custom built windows may be
necessary when seeking to preserve
the historic look of a house
• Price these using labor hours and
material pricing

37. Heat Damaged Windows
• Damage to windows may not be as
obvious as it is in this picture
• House fires are typically 1100-1200
degrees, depending on the type of
materials that are burning
• Windows that are exposed to
extreme heat will, in most cases,
experience seal failure

38. Insulated Glass Warranty
• Limitations of Warranty
• "This Warranty is VOID AND DOES NOT APPLY to units that were
pressure cleaned; to units that were improperly handled; to units that
were installed improperly by the installing contractor; to units which
are subjected to stress resulting from localized application of
heat, causing excessive temperature differentials over the glass
surfaces or edges of the unit;"

39. Anatomy of a Window

40. Window Parts List
• Frame- The combination of the head, jambs and sill that forms a precise
opening in which a window sash fits.
• Grilles- Any bar that divides window glass into smaller panes. Also called a
muntin, grid or window pane divider.
• Head- The main horizontal part forming the top of the window frame.
• Jamb- The main vertical parts forming the sides of a window frame
• Sash- A single assembly of stiles and rails made into a frame for holding
glass.

41. Window Parts List
• Sill- The main horizontal part forming the bottom of the frame of a
window.
• Cladding- Exterior wood parts covered with extruded aluminum or
vinyl with a factory-applied finish.
• Argon- An inert, nontoxic gas used in insulating glass units to reduce
heat transfer
• Balance- A mechanical device (normally spring-loaded) used in single-
and double-hung windows as a means of counterbalancing the weight
of the sash during opening and closing

42. Window Parts List
• Check Rail- The bottom horizontal member of the upper sash and the top
horizontal member of the lower sash
• Weep Holes- The individual openings provided in the window sill to allow
water or condensation to escape
• Lift- Handle for raising the lower sash in a double-hung window. Also called a
sash lift
• Lock Handle- A locking mechanism located on the handle of a window
• Mullion- A major structural vertical or horizontal member to combine two or
more windows

43. Window Parts List
• Operator- Crank-operated device for opening and closing casement
or awning windows
• Sash Lock Strike- A lock attached to the sashes of a double-hung
window that can fix both sashes in the shut position. Secures window
and reduces rattling

44. Exterior Aluminum Trim
• Make note of any custom bends to
be made, use SDG WRAPC line item
• Using line items for wrapping window
frame- small, average, large and
extra large may not be sufficient
• For complex aluminum trim, may
need to add in siding labor
• Add in for caulk, usually double the
lf. of window perimeter

45. Measuring Windows
• Measure width and height. Always
write the dimensions in this order
• Check the depth (most windows are
3 1/4")
• Determine style of window (double
hung, slider)
• Note any grids or screens
• Window color, hardware color

46. Measuring Doors and Determining Swing
• Measuring the door slab itself will give
you the door size (36 x 80)
• Measure jamb depth (most common is 4
9/16")
• Measure slab thickness (1 3/8" or 1 3/4")
• When measuring a rough opening, door
size will be 2" smaller (38 x 82 R.O. will
be a 36 x 80 door size)
• Determine the swing of the door (stay
away from confusing terms like "reversed
left")

47. Entry Doors
• Should always be an inswing
• Weather King is great resource for
steel and fiberglass entry doors
• For wood entry doors: call Jason
O'Leary at the Northville Home
Depot Pro Desk

48. Sidelights
• A window, usually with a vertical emphasis,
that is on the side or sides of a door
• They are usually stationary
• Used where a visual emphasis is desired
• Also used when additional light or visibility is
needed
• Most common widths are 12" and 14" but be
sure to get the overall dimensions when
replacing

49. Commercial Grade
Doors
• Should always be an outswing
• Commercial doors are surprisingly
more expensive than residential
• Components to these are ordered a'la
carte
• Slab, frame, hinges, handle, weather
strip, threshold, sweep and closer
• Contact Rayhaven for assistance @
(248)357-1006

50. Storm Doors
• Measure size of entry door to get
size of storm door. Will need to have
brick mold to install
• Prices vary greatly on storm doors
and security doors
• They can go from $100 to $1000
• What Xactimate calls average grade
is the lowest grade you can buy

51. French Doors
• Measure the slabs and add the
widths together
• You can get these as outswing or
inswing
• May need aluminum trim on exterior
• Make note which side is operational
from exterior

52. Slider Doors (Doorwall)
• Measure the entire units width and
length
• Most common sizes are 60 x 80 and
72 x 80
• Screen doors are sometimes extra
depending on the manufacturer
• Note which side is operational from
exterior

53. Door Hardware
• Most of the time, door hardware
can be reused
• If replacing, the Smart Key
system by Kwikset is a good
option in order to keep all locks
keyed the same
• Lockset prices can vary a lot. If it
says "Baldwin" on it, it's
expensive

54. Fire Rated Doors
• Be aware of codes that may require
the use of fire rated doors
• It is required between the house and
attached garage (20 min. rating)
• Doors can have up to a 4 hr. rating
• Steel fire rated doors are foam filled,
the foam can melt when it reaches
450 degrees

55. Fire Rated Glass
• Any fire rated door with glass will
require fire rated glass
• Will need to be bought separately
from the door and will also need to
purchase a frame
• A 2' x 3' pc. can cost over $200
• New codes may require fire rated
glass to be impact resistant as well

56. Low E Glass
• "E" stands for emissivity- a materials
effectiveness in emitting energy as
thermal radiation.
• Low E is a microscopic thin, metallic
coating usually on the interior side of
the exterior pane of glass
• It helps to reflect long-wave infrared
energy (also known as heat)

57. How to Check for
Low E Glass
• Using a lighter or laser, hold it
close to the glass and look at the
4 reflections
• 1 of the 4 should be slightly
clearer and a different color
• This indicates the presence of
Low E glass
• No differences in reflection means
no Low E

58. Leaded Glass
• Design styles of leaded glass are
infinite
• Matching a particular design may not
be possible unless custom made
• Its an upgrade to any door or window
so make sure to add in for the added
cost

59. Tempered Glass
• Also referred to as "Toughened Glass"
• A type of safety glass processed by
controlled thermal or chemical treatments
to increase its strength. Tempering puts
the outer surfaces into compression and
the inner surfaces into tension. Such
stresses cause the glass, when broken,
to crumble into small granular chunks
instead of splintering into jagged shards
as plate glass creates.

60. Tempered Glass
Required when:
• Any window or sidelight within 24 inches
horizontally of a door
• Any window or sash that is 9 square feet or
mor AND is 18 inches or less from a floor
• Any window within a tub or shower area that is
less than 60 inches from the floor of the tub
• Any window on a staircase landing or within 60
inches a staircase tread must be tempered.
Additionally, temper any window with 40 square
feet or more of glass for safety and strength

61. Internal Blinds
• Internal blinds are usually around a
$500 upgrade on windows and patio
doors
• Price will vary based on the
manufacturer and the size of the unit
itself
• There are multiple color options for
the blinds
• There is no line item in Xactimate to
capture this cost

62. Decorative Grid Options
Grid width and layout is important if you are trying to match

63. A Fun Way to Spend 4 hrs of Your Day
REScheck (previously known as MECcheck) is the name of software designed to compute
energy compliance.

64. Thermal Envelope
U Factor and SHGC of windows and Doors must be entered into REScheck
Obtain these from manufacturers website in pdf format

65. U- Factor, SHGC and VT
• The U-factor or U-value is the overall
heat transfer coefficient that describes
how well a building element conducts
heat or the rate of transfer of heat. The
lower the better
• The lower a window's Solar Heat Gain
Coefficient, the less solar heat it
transmits
• Visible Transmittance measures how
much light comes through a product.
The higher the VT, the more light is
transmitted

66. Pricing May Not Always Be Accurate
Pricing Deficiencies Can Occur

67. Standard Grade Vinyl Window
Definition from Xactimate

68. High Grade Vinyl Window
Definition from Xactimate

69. Premium Grade Vinyl Window
Definition from Xactimate

70. Let's Price this Window Using Xactimate
8 sq. ft. Double Hung Premium grade, vinyl window, Low E glass and Premium exterior color

71. Premium Vinyl Window Price
According to Xactimate
• Material price for 8 sf premium grade vinyl
window: $244.78
• This Price includes the screen

72. Add for Low E Glass
• $1.71 a sq. ft.
• $1.71 x 8 sq. ft. = $13.68
• $244.78 + $13.68 = $258.46 (so far)

73. Add for Premium
Color Frames
• $5.00 a sq. ft
• $5.00 x 8 sq. ft. = $40.00
• $258.45 + $40.00 = $298.45
• Add on 10% and 10% and we get
$358.14
• $370.35 + 6% sales tax = $392.51
• $392.52 - $298.45 = $94.12 (money
we paid for this window)

74. actimate Total Price
Installed, w/ Tax: $607.80

75. Additional Line Items
• WDV RETR+ - Additional charge for
retrofitting window. Priced by sq. ft.
• INS FOAM - Urethane foam sealant.
Priced by lineal ft.
• MPR FLPANT - Sill flashing using
moldable tape. Priced by lineal ft.