This PowerPoint presentation summarizes the history and components of computers. It discusses early pioneers like Pascal, Leibniz, and Babbage. It also outlines the different types of computers such as microcomputers, mini computers, mainframe computers, and super computers. Finally, it describes the key components of a computer including the central processing unit, input and output units, and memory.

2. ASSIGNMENT OF COMPUTER LITERACY
PREPARE A POWER POINT PRESENTATION
SUBMITTED BY: MUHAMMAD KASHIF
SUBMITTED TO: SIR IRFAN KHAN

3. THIS PRESENTATION INCLUDES;
WHAT IS COMPUTER
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
TYPES OF COMPUTER
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

5. Computer
 The word computer comes from the word “compute”
which means “to calculate”.
 Thereby, a computer is an electronic device which can
perform arithmetic operations at high speed.
 A computer is also called a data processor because it
can store, process, and retrieve data whenever desired.

6. History of Computer
 Blaise Pascal invented the first mechanical adding
machine in 1642

7.  Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz invented the
first calculator for multiplication in 1671

8. Multiplication Calculator

9.  Keyboard machines originated in the united states
around 1880

10.  Around 1880, Herman Hollerith came up with the
concept of punch cards that were extensively used as
input media until late 1970’s

11.  Charles Babbage is considered to be the father of
modern digital computers
 He designed “Difference Engine” in 1822

12.  He designed a fully automatic analytical engine in 1842
for performing basic arithmetic functions

14. Some Well Known Early
Computers
 The Mark I Computer (1937-44)

15.  The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (1939-42)

16.  The ENIAC (1943-46)

17.  The EDVAC (1946-52)

18.  The EDSAC (1947-49)

19.  Manchester Mark I (1948)

20.  The UNIVAC I (1951)

21. Types Of Computer
 Micro Computers
 Mini Computers
 Mainframe Computers
 Super Computers

22. Micro Computers
 A microcomputer is a small, relatively
inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as
its central processing unit (CPU). It includes a
microprocessor, memory, and input/output facilities.

23. Microcomputer

24. Mini Computers
 A midsized computer. In size and power,
minicomputers lie
between workstations and mainframe. a
minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of
supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously.

25. Mini Computer

26. Mainframe Computers
 A mainframe (also known as "big iron") is a high-
performance computer used for large-scale computing
purposes that require greater availability and security
than a smaller-scale machine can offer.

27. Mainframe Computer

28. Super Computers
 A supercomputer is a computer with a very high-level
computational capacity. Performance of
a supercomputer is measured in floating point
operations per second (FLOPS).

29. Super Computer

30. Components of computer
 Central processing
unit (CPU)
 Input unit
 Output unit
 Memory unit

31. Input
Unit
Output
Unit
Secondary
storage
Primary storage
Control Unit
Arithmetic
Logic Unit
Flow of data
and
instructions
Control
exercised by
control unit

32. Central processing unit
 A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic
circuitry within a computer that carries out
the instructions of a computer program by
performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control
and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the
instructions.
Components of a CPU
 The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs
arithmetic and logical operations.
 The control unit (CU), which
extracts instructions from memory and decodes
and executes them, calling on the ALU when
necessary.

34. CPU The Brain of Computer

35. Input unit
 It accept instructions and data from outside world
 It convert these instructions and data in computer
acceptable form
 It supplies the converted instructions and data to the
computer system for further processing

37. Output unit
 It accepts the result produced by the computer, which
are in coded form and hence, cannot be understood by
us
 It converts these coded result into human acceptable
(readable) form
 It supplies the converted result into outside world

41. Memory unit
The storage unit of a computer holds (or store) the
following:
• Data and instructions required for processing
(received from input devices)
• Intermediate results for processing
• Final results of processing, before they are released to
an output device

42. Types of Memory
 Primary Memory (Storage)
 Secondary Memory (Storage)

43. Primary Storage
 Used to hold running program instructions
 Used to hold data, intermediate results, and results of
ongoing processing of job(s)
 Fast in operation
 Expensive
 Small capacity
 Volatile (looses data on power dissipation)

45. Primary storage

46. Secondary Storage
 Used to hold stared program instructions
 Used to hold results of stored jobs
 Slower than Primary storage
 Lot cheaper than Primary storage
 Large capacity
 Retain data even without power

47. Secondary storage