In this study, a salt-stress pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of AMF on growth of Zea mays L. plants, grown in sirt saline soil-Libya, which was reflected on fertilization of soil and reduction of both cost and environ mental pollution. Experimental units were supplied with chemical fertilizers as recommended to Zea mays L. plants, with the exception of phorphorus being added with three concentrations (0, 50 and 100 kg p/ha). Results showed the a significant increase of the strain Rhizophagus intraradices where the infection rate was 92%, followed by the strain which was 90.33% and the lowest infection rate was for the strain Scutellospora sp., which was 83%. Also showed that the fungi Scutellospora sp., Claroideoglomus etunicatum were significantly better strains tested on wet and dry weight of shoot. Also the interference between inoculation and levels of phosphate fertilization in the saline soils the studied characters significantly, (mean weight diameter, percentage of root infection, root length, dry weights of shoot and root growth. The interference between inoculation and Levels of phosphorus in the saline soils, increased the studied characters significantly, in particular, significant increase for most of treatments of the mycorrhizal strains. Where it was observed that effect differed in the studied trait and the difference of the strain with difference of strain each trait.
Organisms in the water, especially saltwater, attach to slick surfaces like a boat's hull. It doesn't take long for a boat hull to become slimy with algae. Algae pave the way for adherence of other organisms. The general term for organism on a boat hull is fouling. Fouling makes boats drag, use more fuel and harder to maneuver. Invasive organisms spread by hitching a ride on the underside of a boat. Common marine foulers include barnacles, algae, shellfish, tunicates, ship-
worms, gribbles etc.
Wood borers are highly specialised animals which penetrate wooden structures such as boats, wharves, jetties, driftwood and even living mangrove trees. Many can digest the wood owing to cellulose-digesting bacteria or protozoa living in their guts. Only a few species can actually produce their own cellulose-digesting enzymes (cellulases).Wood borers are insects that chew their way into the solid trunk of a living tree or into a wooden structure, such as an old boat or house. Healthy trees are rarely attacked by wood borers, but a diseased or dying specimen can often host these kinds of invaders. The same goes for old houses and boats, where rain-soaked or rotten wood is more susceptible to invasion.
In this study, a salt-stress pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of AMF on growth of Zea mays L. plants, grown in sirt saline soil-Libya, which was reflected on fertilization of soil and reduction of both cost and environ mental pollution. Experimental units were supplied with chemical fertilizers as recommended to Zea mays L. plants, with the exception of phorphorus being added with three concentrations (0, 50 and 100 kg p/ha). Results showed the a significant increase of the strain Rhizophagus intraradices where the infection rate was 92%, followed by the strain which was 90.33% and the lowest infection rate was for the strain Scutellospora sp., which was 83%. Also showed that the fungi Scutellospora sp., Claroideoglomus etunicatum were significantly better strains tested on wet and dry weight of shoot. Also the interference between inoculation and levels of phosphate fertilization in the saline soils the studied characters significantly, (mean weight diameter, percentage of root infection, root length, dry weights of shoot and root growth. The interference between inoculation and Levels of phosphorus in the saline soils, increased the studied characters significantly, in particular, significant increase for most of treatments of the mycorrhizal strains. Where it was observed that effect differed in the studied trait and the difference of the strain with difference of strain each trait.
Organisms in the water, especially saltwater, attach to slick surfaces like a boat's hull. It doesn't take long for a boat hull to become slimy with algae. Algae pave the way for adherence of other organisms. The general term for organism on a boat hull is fouling. Fouling makes boats drag, use more fuel and harder to maneuver. Invasive organisms spread by hitching a ride on the underside of a boat. Common marine foulers include barnacles, algae, shellfish, tunicates, ship-
worms, gribbles etc.
Wood borers are highly specialised animals which penetrate wooden structures such as boats, wharves, jetties, driftwood and even living mangrove trees. Many can digest the wood owing to cellulose-digesting bacteria or protozoa living in their guts. Only a few species can actually produce their own cellulose-digesting enzymes (cellulases).Wood borers are insects that chew their way into the solid trunk of a living tree or into a wooden structure, such as an old boat or house. Healthy trees are rarely attacked by wood borers, but a diseased or dying specimen can often host these kinds of invaders. The same goes for old houses and boats, where rain-soaked or rotten wood is more susceptible to invasion.
Why to use phytoremediation?
Solar-driven Sustainable green technology improves air quality and sequesters greenhouse gases.
Controls erosion, runoff, infiltration, and fugitive dust emissions
Passive and in-situ.
Applicable to remote locations, potentially without utility access
Can be used to supplement other remediation approaches or as a polishing step.
Can be used to identify and map contamination.
Lower maintenance, resilient, and self-repairing.
Provides restoration and land reclamation during clean up and upon completion. Can be cost competitive.
Absorption Reduction Capacity with Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) Contaminant...IJERA Editor
This study aims to analyze the large of reduction capacity of chromium metals and cadmium in the soil compost
media and absorption capacity of chrome and cadmium in phytoremediation process of vetiver; to compare the
reduction-absorption capacities of chromium and cadmium metals in phytoremediation process of vetiver
(Vetivera zizanioides). The study was carried out for 2 months with a range of sampling every 7 days, and then
analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Contaminants used as artificial contaminants
containing heavy metals chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd). This study is an experimental research includes two
variables. First, the variations of Cr concentrations used were 400 ppm, 600 ppm and 800 ppm and Cd
concentrations used were 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 800 ppm. Secondly, the variations of total plant are 3, 6, and 9 plant.
The period of observation is made every week. Planting media used is compost soil with compost and clay
composition of 20%, 30% and 40%. The results of study showed that there are a significant relationship between
the reduction capacity of Cr and Cd of compost soil and the absorption capacity of Cr and Cd for vetiver
(Vetiveria zizanioides). The higher of Cr and Cd decreases in soil followed by increased levels of Cr and Cd in
vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides). The capacity of Cr reduction varies between 57% - 86% and Cd 36% - 64%
where as the absorption capacity of vetiver on Cr between 38% - 75% and Cd between 34%-74%. The capacity
of reduction-absorption of Cr is relatively higher than Cd in phytoremediation process of vetiver.
Absorption Reduction Capacity with Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) Contaminant...IJERA Editor
This study aims to analyze the large of reduction capacity of chromium metals and cadmium in the soil compost
media and absorption capacity of chrome and cadmium in phytoremediation process of vetiver; to compare the
reduction-absorption capacities of chromium and cadmium metals in phytoremediation process of vetiver
(Vetivera zizanioides). The study was carried out for 2 months with a range of sampling every 7 days, and then
analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Contaminants used as artificial contaminants
containing heavy metals chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd). This study is an experimental research includes two
variables. First, the variations of Cr concentrations used were 400 ppm, 600 ppm and 800 ppm and Cd
concentrations used were 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 800 ppm. Secondly, the variations of total plant are 3, 6, and 9 plant.
The period of observation is made every week. Planting media used is compost soil with compost and clay
composition of 20%, 30% and 40%. The results of study showed that there are a significant relationship between
the reduction capacity of Cr and Cd of compost soil and the absorption capacity of Cr and Cd for vetiver
(Vetiveria zizanioides). The higher of Cr and Cd decreases in soil followed by increased levels of Cr and Cd in
vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides). The capacity of Cr reduction varies between 57% - 86% and Cd 36% - 64%
where as the absorption capacity of vetiver on Cr between 38% - 75% and Cd between 34%-74%. The capacity
of reduction-absorption of Cr is relatively higher than Cd in phytoremediation process of vetiver.
Trends in the geometric size and rated power capacity of offshore wind turbines, the main components of an OWT system, encompassing a typical monopile foundation, the substructure, transition piece, the tower, rotor blades and nacelle (hub). Modern OWTs are installed with either pitch-regulated blades or variable rotational speed systems in order to allow optimisation of the power production over a wide range of prevailing wind speeds. The rotational speed of the main rotor shaft is typically between about 10 and 20 rp. Key electromechanical components of the wind turbine, including the gearbox and the generator (Roberts et al.,2007). The gearbox may cause efficiency losses for the wind turbine and is the particular source of the noise. Recent developments in the design of permanent magnet generators have made it possible to construct some types of wind turbines without the requirement for a gearbox. In this case, the rotor is mainly connected directly to a low-speed multi-pole generator that rotates at the same speed, termed the direct-drive unit. Removing the gearbox mainly removes one of the key components requiring more maintenance, and that is mainly prone to failure. This simplification of the mechanical part allows reductions in size and the mass of the nacelle (Gilling, 2009).
The source of energy captured by plants is the sun, which will be the constant source of energy for the next few billion years. The carbon released from the burning of biofuels is continually cycled rather than being released from the ancient fixed carbon sources, as is the case for fossil petroleum and natural gas. The problem is that the cost of the production of fuels from lignocellulose and plant oils is high and this nascent industry cannot compete with the oil prices. Current progress: For the past two decades, ethanol has been synthesized primarily from cornstarch and cane sugar. Fourteen billion gallons of ethanol were synthesized in the USA from cornstarch in 2014. Approximately 40% of the current USA corn crop is availed to produce ethanol and is not likely to expand anymore, because the remainder of the crop is being availed for animal feed and human food. Ethanol is produced from cane sugar in Brazil at a level of 7.2 billion gallons in the year 2014. The renewable energy source is the major terrain to be considered (Sreeremya, 2019).
Agroforestry has a high potential for simultaneously satisfying three important objectives viz., protecting and also stabilizing the ecosystems; producing a high level of output of economic goods; and improving the income and basic materials to the rural population. It has helped in the rehabilitation of the degraded lands on the one hand and has increased farm productivity on the other. At present, agroforestry meets almost half of the demand for fuelwood, 2/3 of the small timber, approx. 70-80 per cent wood for plywood, 60 per cent raw material for paper pulp and approx. 9-11 per cent of the green fodder requirement of livestock, besides meeting the subsistence needs of the households for food, fruit, fiber, medicine etc.
Human population genetics aims to study the population in terms of the genetic variation. This variation can be quantified by determining the gene frequencies of the alleles at segregating loci which mainly characterize one population and distinguish with another. Tasting ability to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) by an individual is mainly considered as a useful and important tool to study the genetic diversity in the human populations. Taste and smell affects the food preferences and dietary habits, thereby directly influencing the eating behavior of an individual. As taste threshold aggrandizes with age, abnormality in taste function may contribute to the poor dietary intake in the elderly. Bitter taste perception is a conserved the chemical sense against the ingestion of naturally toxic substances in mammals. The experience of the bitterness occurs after certain chemicals contact taste receptors located in cells on the surface of the tongue.
Initial corrosion behavior of element copper in atmospheric environmentDr. sreeremya S
Copper and copper-based alloys encompassing brasses (Cu-Zn) and bronzes (Cu-Sn)are widely used in different industrial and the societal applications. They are common engineering materials in modern architecture and primarily availed for roofing and facade cladding due to their significance of visual appearance (important from an architectural perspective in terms of the design or during renovation of modern or ancient cultural building), ductility, malleability, the atmospheric corrosion resistance and long-term performance. When exposed to air, the copper forms a brownish-green or greenish blue corrosion layer, often denoted as the patina. Copper patina is commonly known as an aesthetically pleasing surface, and one reason for the extensive use of the copper metal and copper-based alloys in both the ancient and modern architecture. One of the most famous examples is the Statue of Liberty in the harbor of the New York, US.
Bronze alloys are the family of copper-based alloys traditionally alloyed with tin. Bronze alloys are of the exceptional historic interest and still finds wide applications.
These approaches encompass new synthesis and processes as well as new tools for instructing aspiring chemists how to do the chemistry in a more environmentally benign manner. The pros to industry as well as the environment are all a part of the positive impact that Green Chemistry is having in the chemistry community and in the society in general. It is important that chemists develop novel Green Chemistry options even on an incremental basis. While all the elements of the lifecycle of a new chemical or process may not be environmentally benign, it is nonetheless pivotal to improve those stages where improvements can be made. The next phase of assessment can then focus on the elements of the lifecycle that are still in need of the improvement. Even though a new Green Chemistry methodology does not solve at once every problem allied with the lifecycle of a particular chemical or process, the advances that it does make are nonetheless very key. Green Chemistry that mainly possesses the spirit of sustainable development was booming in the 1990s
Electron transfer activity of the photosystem II significantly decreased after the exposure of the Chlorella cells to all the six chemicals availed. Lipid peroxidation was slightly reduced by the antioxidant propyl gallate, not changed by indium nitrate and very potently simulated by diethanolamine, chloroquine, sodium monofluoroacetate and the bromobenzene. For five of the chemicals studied (not bromobenzene) there is the very good correlation between the cytotoxic effects in Chlorella cells measured by the algal growth inhibition test, and also the inhibition of photosystem II activity (Chapman et al., 1991). The results suggest that one very key effect of these chemicals in the Chlorella cells is the inhibition of photosynthetic metabolism by the blocking of the photosystem II functionality.
Corona virus was first identified as the cause of the common cold in 1960. In one study carried out in Canada in 2001, more than 510 patients presented with flu-like symptoms. Virological analyses showed that 3.7% of these cases were positive for the HCoV-NL63 strain by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Until 2002, the corona virus was considered a relatively simple, nonfatal virus; however, an outbreak in 2002–2003 in the Guangdong province in China, which resulted in spread to many other countries, encompassing Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Hong Kong Singapore, and the United States of America, causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and high mortality rates in over 1000 -1100 patients.
In the modern times pollution has become the biggest menace for the survival of the biological species. There are different types of pollution e.g. air, water, soil, sound and mental pollution. Earth was the beautiful landscape but man has ruthlessly exploited for his greed specially, in the last century. With sporadic industrialization and random urbanization environmental pollution has become the serious problem. Over exploitation of open spaces, ever-increasing number of automobiles and the demographic pressure has further aggravated the problem. There are different ways and means to mitigate the urban environmental pollution. Plan-ting of trees and the shrubs for abatement of pollution and improvement of environment is a much effective way and well recognized throughout the world. Earlier, the purpose of planting trees in the urban areas was purely aesthetic (Sheldon et al., 1988a). The incessant increase of urban environmental pollution has necessitated to typically reconsider the whole approach of urban landscaping and its orientation in the order to achieve duel effect i.e. bio-aesthetics and mitigation of pollution.
Relation between haemorrhoids and constipationDr. sreeremya S
Patients frequently complain of bleeding with or without the defecation, a swelling, mild discomfort or irritation. Other symptoms may include soilage or the mucous discharge, pruritis, difficulties with the hygiene, and a sense of incomplete evacuation. Internal hemorrhoids are otherwise painless unless they are mainly thrombosed, prolapsed with edema, or strangulated. External hemorrhoids result in pain when the thrombosis occurs and bleeding if ulceration occurs from pressure necrosis. Skin tags may form from the prior acutely edematous or the thrombosed external haemorrhoids (Johanson et al., 1990
Given the rapid aggrandize, it has been postulated the environment has a key role in the causation of obesity. Factors such as the neighborhood-scale features (referred to as the built environment) have been mainly identified as influencing diet and physical activity (2). Of particular the importance to this framework are features of the food environment (FE), thus constituting barriers and opportunities to food sources of the varying nutritional quality and energy density (3). The FE is delineated as the physical presence of food that can mainly influence a person’s diet (4). Contributing to the FE is the proximity to food store locations such as mainly the restaurants (fast-food, full service, and bars and pubs) and the retail outlets (food markets/grocery stores and liquor stores). Fast- food establishments generally have foods of lower nutritional quality and higher caloric density than the home-prepared foods (3). Early studies have reported fast-food restaurants to be more common in the neighborhoods with a higher prevalence of obesity. However, more recent studies have been melanged,
Adverse conditon provided for influenza virus (mutatedDr. sreeremya S
THIS MUTATED INFLUENZA VIRUS CAN BE TREATED IN PH1-2 . TO CHECK THE LYSIS OF THE VIRUS
SIMULATING THE INTERFERON ACTIVITY HAS TO BE DONE SIMULTANEOUSLY.
Although 76-90% of the BMW is non-hazardous and harmless as any of the other municipal waste, the remaining 10-26% is hazardous to humans or animals and deleterious to environment. Inappropriate handling of the BMW may have serious public health consequences and the significant impact on the environment. Major hospitals contribute substantially to the quantum of generation of the BMW. Smaller hospitals, the nursing homes, clinics, the pathological laboratories and blood banks also have major contribution to BMW. The common methods adopted for the BMW disposal are incineration and land filling. However, these methods are mainly considered more expensive and less ecofriendly due to their main negative impact on the environment
Corona virus current scenario (theoretical outlook)Dr. sreeremya S
Corona virus(COVID-19) is RNA virus. Which has proved to be pandemic.It causes respiratory disease called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS). Currently it is a deadly disease which is killing hundreds of people day by day from late 2019 to till date. There is only few studies regarding the corona virus infection in animals. Studies are still progressing to find remedies like variolation, RNA silencing or boosting human interferon’s to decrease the affect of the disease.
INTRODUCTION
As people have seen, the giant industrial wind farms, small household wind turbines, and also everything in between are erecting all over the places. In 2012, the electricity capacity from the wind power in the total electric capacity is about 7.2% in EU, 2.0% in China, and 3.6% in US. Nevertheless, most people agree that wind energy should claim much greater share of the future energy supply. For eg:-, the United States is working on an ambitious target of 21% total electricity capacity by 2030. Indeed, wind energy is one of the fastest growing energy sources today and also in the foreseeable future. However, findings a suitable site to build the wind farm or simply set up the wind turbine is not always easy. The wind must be strong and must be consistent; the tower cannot obstruct the view; and the noise cannot disturb the local residence. Due to the fast growth of the population, it is aggrandizingly difficult to find a suitable place that is proper for a wind turbine yet will not interfere with the people’s everyday life (Srensen et al., 2002).
INTRODUCTION
A lot of basic concepts, technologies and pioneering solutions aiming on very high power densities were mainly developed within the last 20 years. Sometimes this is denoted as the mechatronic system integration or simply as mechatronics. Besides many of the technical aspects, the movings within the value chain represent the great challenge in this process. This is because traditionally defined between electronic device and the power module manufacturers, electronics assemblers, and the metalworking industry will blur or slowly disappear. However, the pressure to go this path increases. If one thinks, e.g., about the hybrid drive as an upgrade option for conventional passenger cars, one is directly faced with the lack of construction space as one of the main serious problems (Alkuhayli et al., 2012).
Pellagra may also occur as the result of a variety of (relatively rare) conditions affecting tryptophan metabolism and as a side-effect of the number of drugs that inhibit tryptophan metabolism. In alcoholics, it is unclear whether pellagra is the result of an impairment of tryptophan and the niacin metabolism directly attributable to alcohol, or whether it reflects general under nutrition among the people who obtain a considerable proportion on their energy needs from alcohol, and hence have the low intake of (nutrient rich) foods(Goldberger et al.,1922a).
SYMPTOMS
The major symptoms of pellagra are dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. This is because niacin deficiency is most noticeable in the body parts with high rates of cell turnover, such as the skin or gastrointestinal tract (Goldberger et al., 1923).
The growing interest in the environmental stress has been accompanied by a rapid accumulation of evidence indicating that the environment can elicit substantial stress in people living in urban environments. Furthermore, it is widely conceived that the natural environment can enhance human health. There have been several questionnaire studies and investigations on the psychological effects of forest environments. A previous study found an enhancement of the positive emotions among subjects who were shown pictures of natural environments. Moreover, other researches have also found that forest environments improve the psychological wellbeing of people
As the techniques that have enabled us to analyses and assess a biopsy become ever more sophisticated, we have realised the limitations of looking at the single snap-shot of the tumour. This single-biopsy bias was highlighted in which it was mainly demonstrated that a portion taken from different parts of a primary tumour and its metastases showed and proved extensive intertumoural and intratumoural evolution. This tumoural heterogeneity mainly highlights the difficulty of dictating a therapeutic course of action based on the single biopsy, as it is likely to underestimate the ramification of the genomic landscape of the tumour (Chomczynski et al., 2016).Having established that there is mainly considerable tumour heterogeneity, taking multiple biopsies from the patients‘ primary tumour and the metastases would seem to be the most obvious next step. There are so much difficulties in obtaining the tissue biopsy— including the discomfort suffered by the patient, the inherent clinical risks to the patient
Rivivna humilis berry extract as fungal sourceDr. sreeremya S
The introduction of the mankind had marked the continuous exploitation of the plants as organisms and their products for the pharmacological prospects and key features (Guha et al., 1999). In most of the agronomic domains around the globe, the conventional modes of the treatment are still in exercise and also in upcoming research (Srivastava et al., 2003).
These approaches most commonly exploit the various dynamics and much specific potential and applications of plant extracts (Bonde et al., 2007) . The distinctions of the first and foremost large-scale screening of the green plants evaluate and also assess the antimicrobial activity of 2,300 plants (Nautiyal et al., 1984).
Dyeing is an ancient and traditional art which predates written records. It was practised specifically during the Bronze Age in Europe (Sreeremya, 2016). Conventional dyeing techniques encompassed sticking plants to fabric or rubbing crushed pigments into cloth.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
2. PHYTOREMEDIATION
Cadmium, using willow (Salix viminalis): In 1999,
one research experiment performed by Maria
Greger andTommy Landberg suggested willow
has a significant potential as a phytoextractor of
Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu), as
willow has some specific characteristics like high
transport capacity of heavy metals from root to
shoot and huge amount of biomass production;
can be used also for production of bio energy in
the biomass energy power plant.[5]