Congressional Reconstruction began after problems arose with Presidential Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson. Radical Republicans gained control of Congress and passed laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and Reconstruction Acts to establish military control over the South and guarantee rights for African Americans. This led to Republican Party growth in Texas, and the 1869 state constitution extended rights like voting and equal protection to African Americans. Texas was eventually restored to the Union under a Republican governor.

1. Chapter 19: Reconstruction Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction

2. Thinking Question What come to mind when you here the word “radical”?

3. Andrew Johnson & Presidential Reconstruction

4. Radical Republicans & Congressional Reconstruction

5. Radical Republicans React Problems: Black codes Southerners elected people who had led rebellion Laws passed that benefited wealthy landowners Denying equal rights and violence against African Americans

6. Radical Republicans React Radical Republicans: Believed Congress needed to take a greater role in Reconstruction Loyal state governments could only be created with participation of Unionists & African Americans

7. Radical Republicans React Radical Republicans: Wanted to give African American men the right to vote Pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 through Congress

8. Radical Republicans React President Johnson vetoes Civil Rights Act of 1866: Believed act gave too much power to federal government Rejected principle of equal rights

9. Radical Republicans React Congress reacts: Congress overturns veto 14 th Amendment to U.S. Constitution —guaranteed citizenship and equal rights to African Americans

10. The Reconstruction Acts 1866 elections: Republicans gain majorities in both houses of Congress Congress passes Reconstruction Acts: Southern state governments again declared provisional

11. The Reconstruction Acts Congress passes Reconstruction Acts: South divided into 5 military districts States had to write new constitutions guaranteeing African American rights & suffrage Ratify 14 th Amendment

12. The Reconstruction Acts Marked beginning of Congressional Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction meant that the terms for rejoining the Union were made more difficult.

13. The Reconstruction Acts Texas & Louisiana encompassed the Fifth Military District

14. The Reconstruction Acts Philip Sheridan —commander of the Fifth Military District General Philip Sheridan

15. The Reconstruction Acts Gen. Sheridan replaces Gov. Throckmorton with Elisha M. Pease

16. The Reconstruction Acts Andrew Johnson —president who tried to block Congressional Reconstruction Andrew Johnson

17. The Reconstruction Acts President Johnson impeached by the House in 1866 President Johnson was NOT removed from office.

18. The Texas Republican Party Congressional Reconstruction led to development of Republican Party in Texas Mostly Unionists, African Americans, & Mexican-Americans

19. The Texas Republican Party Feb 1868: Republicans had strong turnout in elections for constitutional convention More than 80% of black men voted High ranking Confederate and most prewar officeholders could not vote 78 of 90 delegates were Republican, 9 were African American

20. The Texas Republican Party Republican Party splits One Faction wanted to put Radical Republicans in power Led by E.J. Davis & George T. Ruby

21. The Texas Republican Party George T. Ruby —African American leader of the Union League

22. The Texas Republican Party Republican Party splits Moderate Republicans Led by Andrew J. Hamilton

23. The Constitution of 1869 Convention of 1868-69 controlled by Republicans Gave equal rights to African Americans, including voting 15 th Amendment—gave African American men right to vote

24. The Constitution of 1869 The Constitution Gave governor power to appoint state judge & officials Changed term of governor from 2 to 4 years Increased school funding School attendance compulsory

25. The Constitution of 1869 Constitution approved by wide margin E.J. Davis elected governor 14 th & 15 th Amendments ratified March 1870: Texas restored to the Union Edmund J. Davis

26. Congressional Reconstruction Causes Effects former Confederates and planters again in power in the South Freedpeople being denied rights Radical Republican belief that federal government needed to take a stronger role in Reconstruction Radical Republican belief that Unionists and African Americans had to participate politically to create loyal southern state governments. placed under military control Required Texas leaders to guarantee rights for African Americans and ratify the Fourteenth Amendment for the state to rejoin the Union Right to vote for black Texas men and gains in political office Development of Texas Republican Party Republican control of Texas government Texas restored to Union in 1870