The document summarizes several key campaigns and battles in Texas and the Southwest during the Civil War. Confederate General Henry Sibley attempted to seize control of the region in 1861 but was forced to retreat from Union forces at Glorieta Pass in New Mexico. Later, Confederate forces recaptured the important port of Galveston from the Union by converting steamboats into armored "cottonclad" gunboats. The Confederates also defended successfully against Union attacks at Sabine Pass and Laredo, Texas. However, the Union did briefly capture Brownsville in 1863 before being driven out. Ultimately, Confederate forces turned back several Union campaigns aimed at invading Texas, including the Red River Campaign in

1. Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War
Section 3: Campaigns in Texas & the Southwest

2. Thinking Question
Why might the
Union want to
control parts of
Texas?

3. The New Mexico Campaign
• After the war began, Texas
forces marched into New
Mexico and claimed the
territory
• Fall 1861: three regiments
sent to seize the Southwest

4. The New Mexico Campaign
• Henry H.
Sibley—
Confederate
general who
attempted to
seize control of
the Southwest
in 1861
Henry H. Sibley

6. The New Mexico Campaign
• Sibley and his 2,000 troops
defeat 2,500 Union troops at
Valverde, NM
• Texans seize Albuquerque &
Santa Fe
• Disease & lack of food

7. The New Mexico Campaign
• March 28, 1862: Sibley’s forces
encounter Union forces at
Glorieta Pass
• Forced to retreat
• Union retains control of
Southwest

9. Fighting at Galveston Island
• Union Navy blockaded Texas ports
• Oct. 1862: Confederate forces retreated Galveston
Harbor
• Tom Green – Confederate General, assisted in the
recapture of Galveston
• John Magruder – Confederate General, fought in
Battle of Galveston
• Galveston an important port

10. Fighting at Galveston Island
• Plans made to
recapture
Galveston
• Two steamboats
converted to
gunboats by
lining sides with
Cotton Bale cotton bales

11. Fighting at Galveston Island
• Jan.1, 1863: “Cottonclads”
attack Galveston
• Union ships retreat
• Union troops captured

13. The Battle of Sabine Pass
• Union planned to retake Galveston
• September 1863: Union troops set
sail from New Orleans with 4,000
troops
• Union plan: invade Texas at Sabine
Pass, march to Houston, and
capture Galveston

14. The Battle of Sabine Pass
• Richard
Dowling—
commander of
the
Confederate
artillery at
the Battle of
Sabine Pass Lt. Richard Dowling

15. The Battle of Sabine Pass
• Based at Ft. Griffin
• Sept 8, 1863: Union
forces attempt to
overtake Sabine pass

16. The Battle of Sabine Pass
• Confederate gunners
cripple two Union gunboats
• Capture 300 Union
soldiers

18. The Coast & South Texas
• Union troops wanted to take
Brownsville and stop trade between
Texas and Mexico
• Cotton shipped overseas from
Mexico
• November 1863: Union forces
capture Brownsville

19. The Coast & South Texas
• Union Gen. Nathaniel Banks
splits forces
• Union troops under command
of Col. E.J. Davis attack
Laredo
• Attack fails

20. The Coast & South Texas
• Santos
Benavides—
commander
who
successfully
defended
Laredo from
Santos Benavides Union forces

21. The Coast & South Texas
• Union forces called out of
Brownsville
• Brownsville recaptured by
the Confederates

22. The Red River Campaign
• Union troops left Brownsville to
take part in Red River Campaign
• Union wanted to invade Texas from
the NE
• General Banks & 27,000 soldiers
hoped to meet a group of Union
soldiers from Arkansas

24. The Red River Campaign
• April 8, 1864: Banks
intercepted by Confederate
Gen. Richard Taylor at Sabine
Crossroads
• A Confederate force of only
9,000 force Union troops to
turn back

25. The Red River Campaign
• April 18, 1864: Confederate
forces intercept Union army
moving south from Arkansas
• Union forces defeated at Poison
Spring, Arkansas
• Confederate troops turn back
Union attacks on Texas