Indian wars
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- The document examines the Indian Wars of the 19th century between the United States and Native American tribes like the Cheyenne and Lakota. - It describes treaties signed that forced Native Americans onto limited reservations and disputes over land, culminating in violent conflicts like the Sand Creek Massacre and Battle of Little Bighorn. - The U.S. government pursued policies aimed at assimilation and control of Native Americans, including through forced relocation, destruction of the buffalo population, and establishment of boarding schools.
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The document summarizes the history of the American West from the 1800s. It describes how Native Americans lived on the plains and hunted buffalo before settlers arrived. It then discusses the influx of settlers after gold was discovered, their conflicts with Native Americans over land, and key events like the Sand Creek Massacre. It also outlines the rise of cattle ranching and the end of the frontier period in the late 1800s.
Goal 4 the great west and the rise of the debtors (1860s 1896)
This document discusses the settlement and development of the American West between the 1860s and 1896. It describes the different groups that migrated to the West, including miners, railroad workers, ranchers, farmers, Native Americans, and ethnic minorities. It outlines the hardships faced by settlers and the impacts on the environment, including the near-extinction of the buffalo. Key events discussed include the transcontinental railroad, Indian wars, cattle drives, and conflicts over land and resources. The document also examines the economic and technological changes during this period, such as innovations in farming equipment and the rise and fall of populism.
4.3 Native americans
The document summarizes the genocide of Native Americans that occurred in North America between the 1600s and late 1800s. It describes how disease and warfare reduced the indigenous population from 10 million to just 300,000 by 1865. It then discusses how the US government forced most tribes onto reservations in the West after the Civil War, destroying the buffalo herds that were critical to their survival and way of life. Several key battles are mentioned, including the massacres at Sand Creek and Wounded Knee, as the US Army sought to control the tribes and open up land for white settlement.
Native Americans and Westward Expansion.pptx
Settlers and Native Americans disputed over land ownership as settlers moved west, leading to violence and warfare. Disease, starvation, and loss of hunting lands greatly reduced the Native American population. The U.S. government implemented policies like reservations and allotment to assimilate Native Americans and take their lands, often violating treaties. Notable conflicts included the Sand Creek and Wounded Knee massacres. Boarding schools sought to "civilize" Native children by prohibiting their cultures and languages. Most Native Americans were eventually confined to reservations by the late 1800s.
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Goal 4 the great west and the rise of the debtors (1860s 1896)
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French & indian war
The document provides background information on the French and Indian War between England and France over control of North America. It describes the key causes of the war being competing territorial claims by the two powers. Major events discussed include General Braddock's defeat at the Battle of the Monongahela in 1755, and the British victory at the Battle of Quebec in 1759 which marked a turning point in the war. The war ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris, in which Britain gained control over French territories in North America.
Transcontinental rr
The document summarizes the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States in the 1860s. It details how the Central Pacific Railroad relied heavily on Chinese immigrant labor, employing around 90% of their workforce from China. The workers faced extreme dangers and harsh conditions but were able to complete tremendous feats of engineering to help connect the country by rail. However, at celebrations of the railroad's completion the significant contributions of the Chinese workers were excluded and ignored.
Cattle kingdom
After the Civil War, demand for beef increased in eastern cities. Texas ranchers began driving herds of longhorn cattle hundreds of miles north to railroads for shipping east. Cowhands drove the cattle along trails like the Chisholm Trail. Cowhands faced challenges like stampedes, thieves, and harsh weather. Cow towns developed near railroads, offering services to cowhands. The cattle boom ended by 1887 due to farming and harsh weather destroying open ranges, requiring fencing and management of cattle.
Wounded knee
The document summarizes key events involving Native Americans in the late 19th century, including:
1) The Ghost Dance religion was outlawed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs due to fears it would unite Native Americans.
2) At Wounded Knee in 1890, U.S. soldiers killed up to 400 Lakota men, women, and children in an unprovoked attack, marking a low point in Native American history.
3) Chief Joseph of the Nez Percé tribe eloquently advocated for Native American freedom and sovereignty after being forced to surrender to the U.S. army.
Transcontinental rr
The document summarizes the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States in the 1860s. It details how the Central Pacific Railroad relied heavily on Chinese immigrant labor, employing around 90% of their workforce from China. The workers faced extreme dangers and hardships in building the railroad through the Sierra Nevada mountains, often using innovative construction methods. On May 10, 1869, the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads were joined at Promontory Point, Utah, completing the first transcontinental railroad and linking the eastern and western United States by rail. However, the significant contributions of Chinese workers were often excluded from official celebrations and histories of the railroad's construction.
Cattle kingdom
After the Civil War, demand for beef increased in eastern cities. Texas ranchers began driving herds of longhorn cattle hundreds of miles north to railroads for shipping east. Cowhands drove the cattle along trails like the Chisholm Trail. The life of a cowhand was difficult, facing stampedes, thieves, and hot weather. They learned from Spanish vaqueros and used gear like chaps and lariats. Cow towns near the railroads offered services to cowhands. The cattle boom ended by 1887 due to farming and harsh weather.
Gold rush
The document examines the boomtowns and ghost towns of the American West that arose during the gold and silver rushes of the 19th century. Major gold and silver strikes in California and Nevada attracted thousands of prospectors, leading to the rapid growth of mining towns near major deposits. Many of these boomtowns either became permanent cities or were abandoned as ghost towns when the nearby mines played out. Chinese and Mexican miners faced severe discrimination and were often restricted to working abandoned mining sites.
Homesteaders
The Homestead Act of 1862 gave American citizens ownership of 160 acres of public land if they lived on and worked the land for 5 years. This helped poor families who could not afford land in the eastern states gain ownership of land in the west. Thousands of African Americans also moved west seeking a better life in the late 1800s. As farmers produced more, prices fell and farmers went into debt, leading them to form the National Grange cooperative to buy supplies at lower wholesale prices. Dissatisfied farmers and labor unions then formed the Populist Party to address falling farm prices, high railroad rates, and other economic issues through policies like the income tax, but their presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan narrowly lost the 1896 election
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Indian wars
- 1. Objective: To examine the Indian Wars of the 19 th century. Do Now: p. 560 Geography Skills #2 - 3 Colonel John Chivington General George Custer Lakota Chief Crazy Horse Lakota Chief Sitting Bull
- 2. Chivington Massacre 1851 - Fort Laramie Treaty: Native American’s agreed to stay within a limited area in exchange for money , animals , and tools. 1858 – Gold is discovered in Pikes Peak, CO · Miners trespass on Native American land 1860’s – Native Americans are forced to sign a new treaty giving up land around Pikes Peak. Some Native Americans refused and began attacking and killing soldiers and miners.
- 3. "After several years of fighting against the U.S. Army, which was itself beleaguered by the Civil War, the Cheyenne were forced to surrender in September 1864. Meeting with Colonel John M. Chivington at Camp Weld in September, Black Kettle and his tribe assumed a peace agreement had been reached, and they camped at Sand Creek, forty miles away.” Col. John M. Chivington at Camp Weld with Black Kettle and his men, Courtesy of Colorado Historical Society.
- 4. November, 1864 – Two months later, on November 29, 1864, Chivington led a surprise attack on the Cheyenne, killing 105 women and children and 28 men, as well as mutilating the dead and wounded. · This became known as the Chivington Massacre. September, 1864 – The Cheyenne were forced to surrender to Colonel John M. Chivington.
- 5. Battle of Little Bighorn 1867 – Plains Indians were forced off their land onto reservations in Oklahoma and South Dakota . 1874 – Gold is discovered in the Black Hills of South Dakota on the Lakota reservation. 1876 - Lakota Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse fought back in the Sioux War of 1876 . · In the Battle of Little Bighorn , General George Custer and all 225 of his men were killed by Crazy Horse and his Lakota warriors.
- 6. (above) George Armstrong Custer's Camp prior to the Battle of Little Bighorn , photo courtesy Library of Congress. (left) The Battle of the Little Bighorn , painting by Charles Russell, 1903 (above) Soldier and non-human remains. Soldier’s bodies were stripped and mutilated.
- 8. Hide yard with 40,000 buffalo hides Dodge City, Kansas, 1878 Slaughtered buffalo, 1872
- 9. "Wanton Destruction of Buffalo" in W. E. Webb, Buffalo Land, 1872
- 10. Native American Schools In an attempt to make Native Americans “live as white men”, special schools were set up by the U.S. government for Native Americans. Apache children on arrival at the Carlisle Indian School (Pennsylvania) wearing traditional clothing. The same Apache children four months later.
- 11. Cheyenne woman named Woxie Haury in ceremonial dress… … and in wedding portrait with husband.