The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tongue and its importance in orthodontic treatment /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Hybrid appliances are specifically and individually tailored to exploit the natural processes of growth and development. Such an approach represents a departure from the practice of adopting a "named" appliance for the treatment of a class of malocclusion
Edgewise technique 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tongue and its importance in orthodontic treatment /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Hybrid appliances are specifically and individually tailored to exploit the natural processes of growth and development. Such an approach represents a departure from the practice of adopting a "named" appliance for the treatment of a class of malocclusion
Edgewise technique 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Mc namara analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Biomechanical strategies for optimal finishing
Prepared by:
Dr Mohammed Alruby
الوقاحه هي ان تنسي فعلك وتحاسبني علي ردة فعلي
Finishing: is the last stage of active treatment and depend on the previous stage of treatment
Finishing stage of treatment should be evaluated according to four major categories:
1- Intra-oral:
- Inter arch: midline, and Bolton discrepancy
- Intra arch:
1st order
2nd order
3rd order
Curve of spee
Curve of monson
2- Extra-oral:
Smile arc
Incisors display
Gingival display
Buccal corridor
Incisal plane
Midline
Upper incisor third order angulation
Tooth morphology
3- Radiographic
4- Functional: canine guidance, lateral excursion, anterior guidance
1- Intra-oral objectives:
Intra-arch analysis:
Each tooth must be evaluated with references to its 1st, 2nd ,3rd, order position:
1st order:
- Tooth should have no rotation
- Light inter-proximal contact
- Cusp tip and fossa should follow the perfect arch form
- Buccal surface of upper 1st molar should be parallel to the palatal suture
- An occlusal mirror can be very useful to identify the minor rotation and bucco-lingual displacement of teeth outside the arch form
2nd order:
- The marginal ridges should be at the same level particularly at the buccal segment
- Root parallism should be well
- In extraction cases, small degree of crown tipping will occur and root parallism will required, ----- also accentuating the distal tip in anterior region can help to decrease any excess space in anterior region
3rd order:
- Is most relevant to inter-arch objectives (occlusal relationship)
- A small curve of Monson between the buccal segment allow for proper occlusal function (adequate inter-cuspation without balancing interferences)
- An accentuating curve of Monson results in balancing interferences
- Achieve a gentle curve of spee from the anterior teeth to the posterior buccal segments
N: B:
Curve of spee:
= Anterior posterior curve, produced by F Grave Von Spee in 1890
= It is a line drown beginning at lower cusp teeth following the cusp tip of bicuspid and molars continuing as an arc through the condyle on either side
= There is a reverse curve of spee in maxillary arch
Curve of Wilson:
= Side to side curve
= When looking at a coronal section of mandibular dentition from the front ------ line tangent to the buccal and lingual cusps of mandibular posterior teeth bilaterally
= concave in mandibular teeth and convex in maxillary arch
= this curve helps on:
- Make the teeth alignment parallel to the pull of direction of medial pterygoid which provides optimum resistance to masticatory force
- The elevated buccal cusps prevent the slippage of food from the occlusal table during mastication
Curve of Monson:
= produced by Gs Monson 1920: three dimensional combinations of spee and Wilson
= all cusps and incisal edges in a natural dentition are tangent to a surface of sphere approximately 4 inches (10.2m) in radius with its c
Enter at the area of
Long face syndrome /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Tweed merrifield philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Ricketts analysis in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth prediction 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth prediction2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. Dr.Charles H. Tweed – Arizona
1966-published
Charles H. Tweed foundation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Anchorage preparations.
Can be classified into three categories:
First degree
Second degree
Third degree
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. First degree anchorage preparation.
Applicable to all malocclusions with ANB angles ranging
from 0* to 4*,in which facial esthetics are good and in
which total discrepancy does not exceed 10 mm.
First degree means the mandibular terminal molars must
always be upright and maintained in such an upright
position as to prevent their being elongated when a class
II intermaxillary elastic force is used.
The inclinations of the mandibular terminal molar is such
that the direction of pull of the intermaxillary elastic
force during function will not exceed 90* when related to
the long axis of those teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Second degree anchorage preparation.
Malocclusions in which the ANB exceeds 4.5* and facial
esthetics make it desirable to move point B anteriorly and
point A posteriorly.
Usually class II in nature.The degree of distal tipping of
the mandibular terminal molars is more severe than is
necessary in first degree anchorage preparation.
The direction of pull of the class II intermaxillary elastics
when related to the long axis of the terminal molars
should be greater than 90* so that the terminal molars will
be further depressed rather than elongated.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Third degree or total anchorage preparation.
Necessary in extremely severe malocclusions in which total
discrepancies vary from 14 to 20 mm or more but the ANB
angle does not exceed 5*.
In the permanent dentition these cases are as a general
rule,class I in nature with exceedingly irregular teeth.
All three posterior teeth from and including the second
premolar teeth to the terminal molars must be tipped
distally to the anchorage preparation positions.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Classification of Growth trends.
A lateral cephalogram should be included in the
records of all young patients undergoing a pre
orthodontic guidance program.
Some 12 to 18 months later, a second head plate should
be taken and tracings made of both cephalograms.
These tracings are superimposed on S-N with S as the
reference point.
The face of all children grow downward and forward in
one of the three ways.
Type A, Type B and Type C.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Type A growth trend.
The middle and lower third of the face are growing in
unison downwards and forwards, with no change in the
size of the ANB angle.
Growth is approximately equal in both vertical and
horizontal dimensions. 25% of the patients present this
type of growth trend.
If the case is class I with ANB not exceeding 4.5* ,no
treatment is indicated until the full eruption of all
permanent cuspids.
If the case is class II and ANB exceeds 4.5*,the patient
has a type A subdivision growth trend.www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. The class II molar relationship is corrected with serial
extraction procedures in combination with head gear.
Facial changes vary from good to dramatic and the
mandibular incisors remain stable and free from
crowding because both mid and lower face are growing
forward in unison with no conflict between maxillary
and mandibular incisors.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Type B growth trend
Cases accompanied by ANB readings from 6* to 12*.
Pre orthodontic tracings reveal that growth is downward
and forward,with the middle face growing more rapidly
than the lower as designated by an increase in the size of
ANB-the growth trend is type B and undesirable.
If the ANB is less than 4* the prognosis is fair and on the
other hand,if the ANB ranges from 7* to as much as 12*
prognosis is poor.
Extraction of all first premolars is mandatory for patients
with high ANB angles.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Point B will always drop down and back as a result of
treatment.
Growth of the middle and lower face is predominantly in
the vertical dimension.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. Type C growth trend.
Lower face is growing downward and forward more
rapidly than the middle face,with a decrease in the
size of the ANB reading ,the growth is type C.
Because the lower face is growing forward at a more
rapid pace than the mid face,the cutting edges of the
mandibular incisors engage the lingual surfaces of
the maxillary incisors.
The mandibular incisors are tipped lingually or the
maxillary incisors are tipped labially.
60% of all patients have type C growth trends.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. Regardless of the size of the FMA,when growth is
virtually confined to the horizontal dimensions,with
little vertical growth,the growth trend is classified ae
Type C subdivision.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. Development of diagnostic facial triangle.
Analysis of clinical results.
Tweed began an analysis of his practice results.This
project called for dental casts.photographs and x ray
films of all patients.
Patients possesing balance and harmony of facial
proportions had mandibular incisors that were upright
over the basal bone.
Tweed suggests that the position of the mandibular
incisors over basal bone should be in the range of 90* +/-
5 * to attain ideal facial esthetics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. FMA,IMPA
FMIA.
The angle ANB is very important as it
expresses the mesiodistal relationship of
maxillary and mandibular basal bones.Range
was 5* to –2*.www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. Concept of the normal.
The term normal is the balance and harmony of
proportions generally accepted as the most pleasing to the
human face.
The clinical research concluded that the normal range of
inclinations of the mandibular incisors when related to the
mandibular plane was 90* =/- 5*.
The first angle IMPA was finally established after clinical
research covering a period of approximately 12 yrs.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. THE FRANKFORT MANDIBULAR PLANE
ANGLE
Patients were placed on the head holder with head
oriented on the frankfort horizontal plane.Using the
thumb and forefinger,the mandibular border was
extended posteriorly to connect the frankfort plane.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. The normal variation of FMA was 16 * to 35* with
average norm for that angle 25*.
Tweed also concluded that percentagewise more
extraction of teeth was necessary in patients with an
FMA that ranged upward from 30*.
Dr. Tweed further concluded that when the FMA ranges
upward from 35*,it becomes so steep that it is a physical
impossibility to fully compensate the lower
incisors,prognosis is not good.
The result of this research was the establishment of the
norm for the FMA as 25* and the normal variation of
that angle is 16* to 35*.(second angle of diagnostic facial
triangle). www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180*.If the
norm for IMPA is established at 90* and the norm for
FMA at 25*,the third angle FMIA must be 65*.
When the patient presented an FMA of 30*,which is
5* larger than the norm for that angle,it was found
expedient to tip the mandibular incisors lingually from
90* to 85*,This maintained the norm of 65* for the
FMIA.
As long as it is physically possible to make this
compensation,patients with a large FMA and a low
ANB angle can be treated with satisfactory facial
esthetics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Cephalometric appraisal of previous clinical
research.Observations made were:
1.Those samples in whom the FMA ranged upward from
30* demonstrates natures compensation of the
inclinations of the mandibular incisors to the extent that
their inclinations when related to the mandibular plane
read as little as 77* and the FMIA hovered around 65*.
2. Those samples in whom the FMA read 25* displayed
FMIA readings ranging from 65* to 70*,the average
being 68*.
3.Those samples with an acute FMA that ranged
downward from 20* rarely demonstrated axial
inclinations greater than 94*.www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Mechanics of treatment
Make one band for one central
incisor tooth.Form and place
the band so that the distance
from the incisal edge of the
bracket slot is 3.5mm.Each of
these teeth upto the premolars
carry one single width anterior
edgewise bracket positioned on
the greatest contour of the
labial or buccal surface.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. The mesial bracket on the first molars should line
up with the mesiobuccal cusp.The second bracket
is soldered 1.5 mm distal to the first bracket.
The molar tube is 4.5mm in length and is soldered
to the second molar band.Line the sheath parallel
to the occlusal margin of the band at the junction
of the upper and middle third of the tooth
occlusogingivally.
Mandibular intermaxillary hooks made of heavy
0.032 inch brass wire are soldered gingivally to
the molar tube.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Maxillary arch.
The identical procedure outlined for
mandibular band placement is followed.
The maxillary lateral incisor bands are
placed so that the distance from the
incisal edge of the tooth to the incisal
edge of the bracket slot is 3 mm rather
than 3.5 mm.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. Steps in wire bending:
1.Bonwill hawley chart formation
2.First order bends –maxillary arch and
mandibular arch.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. 3.Second order bends –maxillary and mandibular arch
V bend and distal tipping bends.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Third order bends.
Placing lingual root torque in maxillary anterior
segment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Bent in stop loop formation – allows ligatures to be
securely tied.
Formation of resilient vertical loops.
5 mm in length ,shoulders square,base rounded,legs parallel
and 1.25 mm apart.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. Analysis of second order bends.
Second order or tip back bends are used to prepare
anchorage in the mandibular arch.
An ideal 0.020 * 0.025” arch wire is used and co
ordinated second order bends arte bent into the wire.The
degree of tip back is such that when the arch wire is
placed in the buccal tubes of the molars it will cross the
cuspid teeth at their dentino enamel junctions.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. The arch wire is then raised and ligated to the
two brackets on the first molar teeth.The mesial
cusps of the terminal molars are elevated and
the first molars are depressed.
When the arch wire is placed in the slots of
second premolar brackets,the first molars are
elevated and the second premolars are
depressed.
Thus the force tipping the terminal molars are
transferred to the cuspid teeth which in reality
are the teeth tipping the molars distally.www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. The reason for V notch in the arch wire between the
cuspid and lateral incisor brackets is to maintain the
bracket slots on the lateral and central incisors in the
same plane as that of the canine bracket.
Thus the three anterior teeth will act as a single unit to
resist the depressing action occassioned by the distal
tipping of the terminal molars.
www.indiandentalacademy.com